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Pierre Bourdieu's recent research on the media offers a valuable although somewhat inconsistent appraisal of what he describes as the `journalistic field'. The French sociologist applies his main conceptual tools to the media — and more particularly to television — in order to shed light on hidden forms of domination and symbolic violence exercised by television. He emphasizes that market journalism has become a threat to the autonomy of fields endowed with specific rules and capital, such as the academic and the political fields. Bourdieu insists that it is this process that endangers democracy. This article proposes a critical assessment of Bourdieu's sociology of television. Despite a generally sympathetic account, it stresses the epistemological weakness of his work and argues that it is difficult to understand the recent evolution of the French journalistic field — Bourdieu's main case study — without paying more attention to the impact of the political field on the media than Bourdieu does. While ultimately welcoming his stimulating analysis of the overlapping of the political, academic and journalistic fields, the article stresses that Bourdieu's negative diagnosis of television is largely to be explained by his erroneous tackling of `journalists' as a homogeneous category.

ch. 1. Media content and theory -- ch. 2. Beyond processes and effects -- ch. 3. Mediating reality -- ch. 4. Social systems -- ch. 5. Social institutions -- ch. 6. Organizations -- ch. 7. Routines -- ch. 8. Individuals -- ch. 9. Studying the hierarchical model.

One of the little-known merits of Vladimir Vasilievich Petukhov is the "invention" of the scientific term (and a media meme as well) "demand for change", proved popular in recent years. Based on the ideas of the sociology of concepts and materials of content and discourse analysis of Russian media using SCAN-Interfax, the article attempts to trace the formation and development of this concept/meme, as well as to determine its content. First used in the late 1990s, it became viral at the turn of the 2000s-2010s, allowing to record the ups and downs of general social discontent, whilst at the same time not allowing to decide how this discontent correlates with traditional designations of socio-political conflicts. "Deciphering" the concept of "demand for change" requires understanding whether we are talking about the desire of modern Russians for revolutionary or evolutionary changes. V.V. Petukhov himself leaned towards an evolutionist interpretation, believing that the request for, first all, the expansion of democratic participation is far from a "revolutionary situation". The final answer about the essence of this social phenomenon can only be given by the next decade of Russian history.

"In the formation process of the nation-state, there took place processes analogous to globalization. People and things moved on a nationwide scale and local regions and people became homogenized and also differentiated. Such process can be called 'nationalization'. By taking its meaning as a more comprehensive one than ever, we can understand the formation process of the nation-state more accurately. Also we have to differentiate 'nationalization' from 'modernization'. We regard that modernization is the process of disembedding people from various 'existences' in which they have been embedded. In the course of disembedding, people began to regard 'existences' as means and obstacles for 'actions'. That is to say, 'predominance of actions over existences' has occurred. The reason why such 'predominance of actions' has taken place can be made clear by introducing 'symbolic media' which reduce 'existences' to something on each standard. In history symbolic media have been conflicting and allying with each other. 'Predominance of actions', that is to say, modernization advanced through such conflicts and alliance." (author's abstract)

Pierre Bourdieus jüngste Beiträge zur Medienforschung liefern eine wertvolle wenn auch in gewisser Weise widersprüchliche Würdigung dessen, was er als "journalistisches Feld" bezeichnet. Der französische Soziologe wendet sein theoretisches Instrumentarium auf die Medien, und hier besonders das Fernsehen, an: sein Ziel ist es, Licht auf die versteckten Formen von Herrschaft und symbolischer Gewalt, die vom Fernsehen ausgeübt werden, zu werfen. Er betont, daß der "Marktjournalismus" eine Bedrohung für solche Bereiche darstellt, die mit bestimmten Regeln und mit Kapital ausgestattet sind, wie z.B. Wissenschaft und Politik. Bourdieu besteht darauf, daß dieser Prozeß eine Gefährdung der Demokratie bedeutet. Der Beitrag nimmt eine kritische Bewertung von Bourdieus Soziologie des Fernsehens vor. Obwohl er dem Ansatz generell positiv gegenübersteht betont er die erkenntnistheoretische Schwäche der Arbeit. Es sei schwierig, die jüngsten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des französischen Journalismus, Bourdieus Hauptforschungsgegenstand, zu verstehen, wenn man dem Einfluß der Politik auf die Medien nicht mehr Bedeutung schenkt, als dies Bourdieu tut. Einerseits wird seine anregende Analyse der Überschneidung von Politik, Wissenschaft und Journalismus grundsätzlich begrüßt, andererseits unterstreicht der Beitrag, daß Bourdieus negative Diagnose des Fernsehens weitgehend mit seinem irrtümlichen Ansatz, "Journalisten" als homogene Kategorie zu definieren, zu erklären ist. (UNübers.)

Journalists' professional roles entail an important research area, which enhances knowledge on journalism's attempted impact on political and democratic life. Journalism scholars, however, tend not to study journalistic professional roles from its impact on news content but focus on journalists' conception of their role concluding that the way journalists conceive of their role will eventually shape the stories they produce. Hence, the link between role conception and role performance (i.e., its impact on news) has caught more attention as a justification of research interest than as loci of empirical examination. This conceptual paper revisits this assumption, arguing for an indepth discussion of what the concept of professional role entails to understand its manifestation in news. As journalistic performance must be considered a collective outcome, this article addresses the concept of professional role from its relationship to structural characteristics of media work. Our approach suggests a media sociology conceptualization of professional roles that takes into consideration the gatekeeping context, and most importantly the organizational and societal levels, when analyzing professional roles of journalists.

This research is aimed to make a proper learning media using application of prezi. The application can be used in learning process and helps the students to learn sociology subject especially on the material of conflict, violence and its solution. The research method was method of Research and Development (R&D). The procedure of learning media development was based on perspective of Alessi and Trollip (2001). It consisted of 2 development attributes, namely planning, design and development. This research was conducted in SMA N 1 Sukoharjo. Planning was conducted through the procedure of planning and development which consisted of necessity analysis and media design. The steps of product designing was conducted through media and content material selection, validation, revision and testing. The criteria of success in this development research reffered to the success of expert validation and product testing. This research shows that learning media of prezi belongs to proper category if it is reviewed from: (1) material aspect, the score is 95% (very good), (2) media aspect, the score is 85% (very good). The result of properness testing to the university students on each person obtained total score of 78, 53% (good). On the testing of small group, it obtained total score of 80,82% (good).

International audience This article aims at giving an overview about the four main collections of problems and studies that have structured over the last four decades what could be called the French school of rural sociology: from the rural exodus to the "rural renaissance"; the question of social change and innovation in agriculture; the working conditions, living conditions, professions in agriculture, and the alternative initiatives and paths away from productivism; politics and organisations in agriculture. In the last section, perspectives to understand splintering and coexistence of new forms of production organisation and agricultural trade in a context of globalisation are formulated.