From time to time in the fields of philosophy and sociology of science the political vocabulary is employed. Certain processes, which take place in science, are described using military notions such as "conflict", "war", "revolution" etc. This article concentrates on question, whether the vocabulary and instruments of political theories could enable more adequate understanding of the scientific processes that are socially influenced? In order to answer the latter question, Carl Schmitt's political theory (concept of the political, friend-enemy distinction, notions of war and exception) is employed. The main objective of this article is to figure out possible benefits of the Schmitt's ideas for current discussions in the field of philosophy of social sciences and humanities.
From time to time in the fields of philosophy and sociology of science the political vocabulary is employed. Certain processes, which take place in science, are described using military notions such as "conflict", "war", "revolution" etc. This article concentrates on question, whether the vocabulary and instruments of political theories could enable more adequate understanding of the scientific processes that are socially influenced? In order to answer the latter question, Carl Schmitt's political theory (concept of the political, friend-enemy distinction, notions of war and exception) is employed. The main objective of this article is to figure out possible benefits of the Schmitt's ideas for current discussions in the field of philosophy of social sciences and humanities.
The article aims to analyse the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology. This relationship is analysed from different perspectives. Firstly didactics of sociology is analysed from the viewpoint of so-called didactics of social sciences and civic education. Secondly the article analyses the development of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education and searches the ideas for the conceptualization of didactics of sociology in this development. Three forms of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education are distinguished. Educational sociology emerged as normative and applied discipline that has assisted educational theory to articulate the educational aims and the means of their implementation. The sociology of education that emphasized the scientific and empirical rather than normative character was an alternative for the educational sociology and has revealed different aspects of education that were ignored by educational sociologists. The phenomena of the hidden curricula and its role in social and cultural reproduction were among them. The third form of interrelation is associated with the movement of public sociology. The proponents of public sociology put forward the questions of social function of sociology and the significance of sociological literacy for democratic society. The concept of public sociology stimulates the discussions about didactics of sociology. Thirdly the article searches the ideas for the interpretation of the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology in the development of the liaisons between history and didactics of history. The concept of historical consciousness and understanding of historical culture solve the contradiction between academic history and didactics of history.
The article aims to analyse the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology. This relationship is analysed from different perspectives. Firstly didactics of sociology is analysed from the viewpoint of so-called didactics of social sciences and civic education. Secondly the article analyses the development of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education and searches the ideas for the conceptualization of didactics of sociology in this development. Three forms of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education are distinguished. Educational sociology emerged as normative and applied discipline that has assisted educational theory to articulate the educational aims and the means of their implementation. The sociology of education that emphasized the scientific and empirical rather than normative character was an alternative for the educational sociology and has revealed different aspects of education that were ignored by educational sociologists. The phenomena of the hidden curricula and its role in social and cultural reproduction were among them. The third form of interrelation is associated with the movement of public sociology. The proponents of public sociology put forward the questions of social function of sociology and the significance of sociological literacy for democratic society. The concept of public sociology stimulates the discussions about didactics of sociology. Thirdly the article searches the ideas for the interpretation of the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology in the development of the liaisons between history and didactics of history. The concept of historical consciousness and understanding of historical culture solve the contradiction between academic history and didactics of history.
The article aims to analyse the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology. This relationship is analysed from different perspectives. Firstly didactics of sociology is analysed from the viewpoint of so-called didactics of social sciences and civic education. Secondly the article analyses the development of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education and searches the ideas for the conceptualization of didactics of sociology in this development. Three forms of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education are distinguished. Educational sociology emerged as normative and applied discipline that has assisted educational theory to articulate the educational aims and the means of their implementation. The sociology of education that emphasized the scientific and empirical rather than normative character was an alternative for the educational sociology and has revealed different aspects of education that were ignored by educational sociologists. The phenomena of the hidden curricula and its role in social and cultural reproduction were among them. The third form of interrelation is associated with the movement of public sociology. The proponents of public sociology put forward the questions of social function of sociology and the significance of sociological literacy for democratic society. The concept of public sociology stimulates the discussions about didactics of sociology. Thirdly the article searches the ideas for the interpretation of the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology in the development of the liaisons between history and didactics of history. The concept of historical consciousness and understanding of historical culture solve the contradiction between academic history and didactics of history.
The article aims to analyse the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology. This relationship is analysed from different perspectives. Firstly didactics of sociology is analysed from the viewpoint of so-called didactics of social sciences and civic education. Secondly the article analyses the development of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education and searches the ideas for the conceptualization of didactics of sociology in this development. Three forms of the interrelation between theory of education and sociology of education are distinguished. Educational sociology emerged as normative and applied discipline that has assisted educational theory to articulate the educational aims and the means of their implementation. The sociology of education that emphasized the scientific and empirical rather than normative character was an alternative for the educational sociology and has revealed different aspects of education that were ignored by educational sociologists. The phenomena of the hidden curricula and its role in social and cultural reproduction were among them. The third form of interrelation is associated with the movement of public sociology. The proponents of public sociology put forward the questions of social function of sociology and the significance of sociological literacy for democratic society. The concept of public sociology stimulates the discussions about didactics of sociology. Thirdly the article searches the ideas for the interpretation of the relationship between sociology and didactics of sociology in the development of the liaisons between history and didactics of history. The concept of historical consciousness and understanding of historical culture solve the contradiction between academic history and didactics of history.
The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.
The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.
The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.
The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.
Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.
Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.
On purpose to analyse a certain part of social world it is useful to apply a concept of field introduced in the field theory of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Field is a structure of relations between the objective positions occupied by its agents. Lithuanian political science field was chosen as the object of the research. The main problem analysed in the article is the "origin" of different perceptions of political science If only individual experience affects these perceptions, how could we explain the fact that some beliefs are more typical to certain groups of scientists and are not inherent to other groups? The investigation using semi-structuralized survey method was executed. Eighty-eight Lithuanian political scientists took part in the research. Received data was analysed by multiple correspondence analysis technique and other methods of statistical analysis. It was identified that those political scientists who own the highest academic and scientific capital tend to support a vision of political science not oriented towards practical politics. These results might be interpreted as demonstrating the above mentioned interests to impose such perceptions of political science which could be the most useful to the scientists and as confirming the hypothesis of the research.
On purpose to analyse a certain part of social world it is useful to apply a concept of field introduced in the field theory of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Field is a structure of relations between the objective positions occupied by its agents. Lithuanian political science field was chosen as the object of the research. The main problem analysed in the article is the "origin" of different perceptions of political science If only individual experience affects these perceptions, how could we explain the fact that some beliefs are more typical to certain groups of scientists and are not inherent to other groups? The investigation using semi-structuralized survey method was executed. Eighty-eight Lithuanian political scientists took part in the research. Received data was analysed by multiple correspondence analysis technique and other methods of statistical analysis. It was identified that those political scientists who own the highest academic and scientific capital tend to support a vision of political science not oriented towards practical politics. These results might be interpreted as demonstrating the above mentioned interests to impose such perceptions of political science which could be the most useful to the scientists and as confirming the hypothesis of the research.
On purpose to analyse a certain part of social world it is useful to apply a concept of field introduced in the field theory of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Field is a structure of relations between the objective positions occupied by its agents. Lithuanian political science field was chosen as the object of the research. The main problem analysed in the article is the "origin" of different perceptions of political science If only individual experience affects these perceptions, how could we explain the fact that some beliefs are more typical to certain groups of scientists and are not inherent to other groups? The investigation using semi-structuralized survey method was executed. Eighty-eight Lithuanian political scientists took part in the research. Received data was analysed by multiple correspondence analysis technique and other methods of statistical analysis. It was identified that those political scientists who own the highest academic and scientific capital tend to support a vision of political science not oriented towards practical politics. These results might be interpreted as demonstrating the above mentioned interests to impose such perceptions of political science which could be the most useful to the scientists and as confirming the hypothesis of the research.
