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This analysis focuses on how members of Parliament in France organize their staff. The way deputies distribute the tasks among their assistants suggests that the organization and division of labor should be understood mainly in relation to the pressures generated by MPs in their home district, since a seat in the National Assembly very much depends on providing services to constituents. The staff under the use of the single member district system is so involved in solving voters' "personal" problems of various sorts that assistants are forced to devise strategies for regulating demand and providing often token responses. Developing relations with constituents even affects their legislative duties. For deputies, it is a way of reducing the "occupational" risks inherent in elective office. They must adapt to a voting system that incites them to adopt a conception of representation closer to that of spokesperson for the residents of their district than of representative of the Nation.

The video games industry in the United Kingdom is profitable and growing at a time when the broader economy is still failing to recover. This has attracted the interests of politicians, committing large investments and tax breaks. Although the headline figures are impressive, the overall structure of the industry is less clear. Within this there are many new organizations, often shaped by start-up culture. Less is known about how work is being organized or the experiences of workers. The approach taken here draws on Marxist theory and an examination of the labour process. It focuses on how capitalism effects the production of video games, including the use of crunch time, the prevalence of sexism, and the widespread use of non-disclosure agreements. The conclusion suggests further enquiries are needed to understand how the struggle between labour and capital is shaping this industry.

Mobiliteit en burgerschaprechten binnen de Europese Unie beïnvloeden de levens van miljoenen mensen in de EU op een positieve manier. In Posted Work and Deterritorialization in the European Union betoogt Ines Wagner echter dat de dynamiek van intra-Europese arbeidsmigratie ook een hypermobiele onderklasse van arbeiders in precaire, slecht betaald werk creëert. Dit komt voornamelijk doordat tewerkstellingsstructuren transnationaliseren, terwijl beleidsinstrumenten en kiesdistricten territoriaal geregeld blijven. Wagner's conclusies zijn gebaseerd op kwalitatief onderzoek naar detachering in de Duitse politieke economie. Gedetacheerde werknemers zijn arbeidsmigranten die door hun werkgever tijdelijk in een andere EU-lidstaat te werk worden gesteld. In een toenemend aantal bedrijfstakken, waaronder de bouwsector, vleesverwerking, distributie en scheepsbouw, leven gedetacheerde werknemers in precaire omstandigheden. Wagner ontdekte op basis van interviews met gedetacheerde werknemers uit voornamelijk Oost-Europese landen, met vakbondsafgevaardigden, managers en beleidsmakers, dat EU burgerschapsrechten en regels met betrekking tot arbeidsmigratie grotendeels worden omzeild. Mobiele EU-burgers bevinden zich in een institutioneel vacuüm door zwakke of afwezige vakbondsvertegenwoordiging en collectieve belangenbehartiging. Wagner's diepgaande analyse wijst op ineffectieve arbeidsmarktregulering in de pan-Europese arbeidsmarkt relevant voor zowel vakmensen als beleidsmakers. De bevindingen tonen het belang van het op elkaar afstemmen van economische en sociale arbeidsmarktintegratie om de rechten van EU arbeidsmigranten te beschermen. ; European Union mobility and citizenship rights have positively affected the lives of millions across the EU. In Posted Work and Deterritorialization in the European Union, Ines Wagner contends that the dynamics of intra-EU labour mobility is also creating a hypermobile underclass of workers employed in low-wage precarious employment. This outcome mainly takes places because employment structures transnationalise, yet state policy tools and constituencies remain territorially defined. Wagner's conclusions are based on qualitative data in the context of posted work in the German political economy. 'Posted workers' are a type of labour migrant sent by their employer to work temporarily in another EU member state. In an increasing number of industries, including construction, meat processing, distribution and ship building, posted workers work and live under precarious conditions. Based on interviews with posted workers from mainly Eastern European countries, union representatives, managers and policy-makers, she found that EU citizen rights and labour mobility regulations are largely being circumvented. Mobile EU citizens are placed in an institutional void because of weak or no union representation or collective voice structures. Wagner's in-depth analysis points to the ineffective labour market regulation in a pan-European labour market relevant for practitioners and policy-makers alike. Findings show the importance of matching economic and social labour market integration to protect the rights of EU labour migrants.

none ; These essays are the result of sociological and economic research be-tween 2005 and 2012, and to this day. It is a synthesis of works and studies on the social action like dynamic system of the social interactions . The former ones (I and II) can be called as Analytic Sociology, the others (III and IV) as Theoretical Sociology that by definition is a speculative study, not applied at soon. In the interest of these studies the types of definitions that exists in the social sciences universe, are not important because they are really too much. Often they are just different ways to study the identical object: the human society. For us, these studies have an approach of complexity and chaos. The purpose of this work is just to get publishable and applicable the results. Readers can find the applicability with own solutions in many areas of social life, politics, organizations, in business or any others. ; Teoria e Ricerca Sociale ; open ; DELLI POGGI, Stefano ; DELLI POGGI, Stefano

This essay aims to weave together salient moments in the development of the Mexican labor movement, the reorganization of the economy and production starting in the 1980s, the development of Sociology of Work in Mexico, and snapshots from my own autobiography. The biographical perspective helps to illustrate a few parallel lives that formed part of a collective intellectual and political movement in the period under analysis. Our perspective is that the macro shifts are not reducible to the individual events of which they are composed; they may affect individuals' actions, but they do not determine them. Peoples' actions are located within structures, but they require subjectivity to acquire meaning and orient said actions. At least that is how we have believed ourselves to be living all these years.The period of our study begins in the 1970s with the end of the import-substitution period in the Third World, the emergence of a powerful workers' movement in Mexico that questioned corporatist unions and political structures and lasted until the early 1980s when the reorganization of the economy and model of production in large companies happened. This moment also marked the beginnings of today's Sociology of Work in Mexico, which broke with previous conceptions focused on the study of workers' movements and with Dependency theories predominant in Latin American social theory. We found ourselves immersed in these processes, suffering the changes while at the same time, as a new generation of scholars emerged, attempting to exercise influence on union conceptions of labor. This history is the subject of the current essay.

Operations in general industry, including manufacturing, expose employees to a myriad of occupational health hazards. To prevent exposure, occupational health and safety regulations were enacted, with both employers and workers instituting various risk reduction measures. The analysis of available occupational disease and injury statistics (indicators of worker physical health) can be used to infer the effectiveness of risk reduction measures and regulations in preventing exposure. Thus, using the READ approach, analyses of occupational disease and injury statistics from South African industry, derived from annual reports of the Compensation Fund, were conducted. The publicly available database of occupational disease and injury statistics from the South African general industry is unstructured, and the data are inconsistently reported. This data scarcity, symptomatic of an absence of a functional occupational disease surveillance system, complicates judgement making regarding the effectiveness of implemented risk reduction measures, enacted occupational health and safety regulations and the status of worker physical health from exposure to workplace hazards. The statistics, where available, indicate that workers continue to be exposed to occupational health impacts within general industry, notwithstanding risk reduction measures and enacted regulations. In particular, worker physical health continues to be impacted by occupational injuries and noise-induced hearing loss. This is suggestive of shortcomings and inefficiencies in industry-implemented preventive measures and the regulatory state. A robust national occupational disease surveillance system is a regulatory tool that should detect and direct policy responses to identified occupational health hazards.

The aim of this article is to argue about the transition from the risk society to the uncertainty society. In view of the fact that the pandemic from Covid 19 has shown that vulnerability could potentially become a permanent condition, it is appropriate to try to configure uncertainty by choosing a different epistemological key, capable, both to question some of the paradigms on which the organization of the current economic and social systems in industrialized countries insists and to define meanings usefull to build new models of global behavior. Without incurring the error of associating uncertainty with indeterminacy, the challenge inherent in the proposal of a sociology of uncertainty consists in a proof of refutability towards any kind of functionalist logic. Both with respect to analyzes supported by causal relationships and with reference to forms of cognitive rationality focused on the automatic absolutism of numbers, the sociology of uncertainty represents the heuristic bet in opposition to the determinism of any "simple" typology of rational thinking. Through the critical review of the dialectic within which risk sociology has elaborated most of its key concepts and suggested them to other disciplines, the sociology of uncertainty acquires an interesting interdisciplinary value. In addition to providing a meaningful and dynamic interpretation of reality, its interdisciplinary value is essential for assigning a specialized role to social research. Especially with regard to applied sociology, the issue of uncertainty allows to broaden the heuristic horizon and to combine sociology and economy to adopt an approach capable of keeping together the analysis of forms and processes of socialization with that of environmental problems and territorial, and to address the issue of the reduction of inequalities through solutions that guarantee the widening of participation and the increasing of deliberative practices. Upon a methodological approach based on much more awareness, the goal is the promotion of social learnig. This last is foundamental to allows sociology of uncertianty is the management of vulnerabilities in the view either of understanding and interpretation of social phenomena and of defining of local and global policies ; L'intento di questo articolo è argomentare sull'opportunità di un passaggio dalla società del rischio alla società dell'incertezza. In considerazione del fatto che la pandemia da Covid 19 ha dimostrato che la vulnerabilità potrebbe potenzialmente diventare una condizione permanente, è opportuno provare a configurare l'incertezza tramite la scelta di una diversa chiave epistemologica, in grado, tanto di mettere in discussione alcuni dei paradigmi sui quali insiste l'organizzazione degli attuali sistemi economici e sociali nei paesi industrializzati, quanto di procedere all'individuazione di significati intorno ai quali costruire nuovi modelli di comportamento globale. Di conseguenza, la sfida insita nella proposta di una sociologia dell'incertezza, senza in alcun modo incorrere nell'errore di associare l'incertezza con l'indeterminatezza, consiste in una prova di confutabilità nei confronti di ogni genere di logica di matrice funzionalista. Cosicché, sia rispetto alle analisi supportate da relazioni causali sia in riferimento a forme di razionalità cognitiva incentrate sull'automatico assolutismo dei numeri, la sociologia dell'incertezza rappresenta una scommessa euristica in opposizione al determinismo di qualsiasi tipologia pensiero raziocinante e, per così dire, necessariamente spiegazionista. Attraverso una revisione critica degli ambiti dialettici entro i quali la sociologia del rischio ha elaborato gran parte dei suoi concetti - chiave e li ha suggeriti ad altre discipline, la sociologia dell'incertezza acquista un valore interdisciplinare. Oltre che per fornire una interpretazione significativa e dinamica della realtà, il valore interdisciplinare è essenziale per assegnare alla ricerca sociale un ruolo specialistico. Soprattutto per quanto riguarda la sociologia applicata, il tema dell'incertezza permette di allargare l'orizzonte euristico e di combinare sociologia ed economia per adottare un approccio capace di tenere insieme l'analisi delle forme e dei processi di socializzazione con quello dei problemi ambientali e territoriali, e di affrontare la questione della riduzione delle disuguaglianze attraverso soluzioni che garantiscano l'ampliamento della partecipazione a la diffusione delle pratiche deliberative nei contesti di vita. Tale approccio metodologico di fonda su un incremento di consapevolezza. Per meglio dire, esso promuove la consapevolezza come traguardo intorno al quale organizzare gli stili di vita e le condizioni di benessere sociale. Nell'auspicio che la consapevolezza possa permettere l'adozione di strumenti utili a mettere su un piano di verità i fatti così come sono e non come ci piacerebbe che fossero, la sociologia dell'incertezza, non solo confronta con la dimensione della vulnerabilità, ma trae da essa informazioni al fine di affrontare con maggiore solidità empirica e rigore metodologico la comprensione e interpretazione di fenomeni e processi sociali, ovvero anche per fornire contenuti a misure locali di governance cosi come per la definizione di strumenti per policies economiche e politiche a livello globali.

The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalised paralogisms, social and economic inequalities, and frustrating consequences arising from decades of symbolic and real war and post-war violence against the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The historic background of this paper is the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), as presented in the reports of the United Nations and documents produced during international and national trials concerning war crimes. The analytical basis is a literature review of various studies from the domains of war sociology, criminology, and sociology of knowledge. Immanent antinomies, contradictions, and political, legal, and criminal perpetually institutionalise and reproduce the identitary references to war vocabulary. For this reason, creation of publicly responsible programs is necessary to evaluate the prescriptive impact of the domination of cultural and identity differences between peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The genocide of Bosnian Bosniaks in the war against the Bosnian–Herzegovinian multicultural society urges the creation of a completely different description, prescription, logic of naming, and explanation strategy to achieve transitional change. The article criticized globalisation as a form of new colonisation and natural-science quantative emphasis. In the spirit of the analysed scientific literature, future scientific analyses should focus on the criminal, social, economic, ecological, anti-educational, sociopathological, and anomic consequences of the (catastrophic) impact of decades of symbolic and real war and post-war violence against the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ; (Conference canceled)

Angesichts massiver Investitionen in Digitalisierungstechnologien und einem politischen Agenda-Setting, das die Alternativlosigkeit einer 'digitalen Transformation' beschwört, mehren sich auch in der Arbeitsforschung Stimmen, die der Technik eine hohe, quasi-deterministische Prägekraft auf Arbeit zuschreiben. Digitalisierung steht dabei häufig als technische Grundlage für einen erweiterten Kontroll- und Steuerungszugriff auf Arbeit, der zunehmend auch höher qualifizierte Tätigkeiten erfasst. Im Anschluss an vorliegende Konzepte der Arbeitssoziologie sowie auf Basis aktueller Forschungsergebnisse plädiert der Beitrag für die Fruchtbarkeit von drei analytischen Zugängen bei der Analyse der Zusammenhänge zwischen Digitalisierung und Arbeit. (1) Eine arbeits- und subjektorientierte Analyse von Aneignungsprozessen auf der Basis von Beobachtungs- und Interviewmethoden, (2) die Berücksichtigung stofflich-tätigkeitstypischer Eigenheiten von Branchen und Tätigkeitsfeldern sowie (3) ein Fokus auf arbeitspolitische Leitbilder, Organisationskonzepte und Aushandlungsprozesse sind zentrale Bestandteile einer nicht-deterministischen, differenzierungsfähigen Analyse des Zusammenhanges von Technik und Arbeit, die in der Lage ist typische Muster von Arbeitsfolgen der Digitalisierung sowie Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten zu identifizieren. ; In the light of massive investments in digitization technologies and a political agenda setting that evokes the lack of alternatives for a 'digital transformation', there are also voices amongst labor researchers that are attributing new technologies a high degree of quasi-deterministic influence on work. In addition, digitization is often seen as the technical basis for an extended and intensified control of the labor process, which increasingly reaches out to higher-skilled work. Following on from existing concepts of the sociology of work and on the basis of current research results, the paper argues for the usefulness of three analytical approaches in the analysis of the relationship of digitization and work: (1) a work and subject-oriented analysis of appropriation processes on the basis of observations and interview methods, (2) the consideration of material and activity-typical peculiarities of sectors and fields of activity, (3) a focus on labor policy models, organizational concepts and negotiation processes. For us, these three elements are central components of a non-deterministic, differentiated analysis of the relationship between technology and work, which is capable to identify typical patterns of the effects of digitization on work, as well as design options.

International audience ; This article aims at giving an overview about the four main collections of problems and studies that have structured over the last four decades what could be called the French school of rural sociology: from the rural exodus to the "rural renaissance"; the question of social change and innovation in agriculture; the working conditions, living conditions, professions in agriculture, and the alternative initiatives and paths away from productivism; politics and organisations in agriculture. In the last section, perspectives to understand splintering and coexistence of new forms of production organisation and agricultural trade in a context of globalisation are formulated.

Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, every country announced the lockdown, travel restrictions, social distancing, curfew and stop gathering the people to prevent the spreading virus. The national government of Myanmar announced this policy in the month start of April 2020. Because of that policy, all of the business industry has to change its operation method. This study aims to know about the impact and challenges of work from home or anywhere and this method can be adapted in the hospitality industry or not. This research conducted a qualitative method and data was collected by using purposive sampling, in-depth interviews with 9 managers, and 1 employee from both of the destination Yangon and Mandalay hotels. The thematic method was used to analyze the data by coding the key information from the interview transcripts. This study finds that the people who work in work from home or anywhere method they got the opportunity to learn new things and leisure time not only that they also facing the problem of cannot working well like office and unbalancing work and live performance. The most challenging part of them is a technology and cannot bring out the data information from the organization. So, the people who work at hospitality industry is not easy to do work from home or anywhere like other organization and still need to go office also have to serve the customer with the human touch, warming and welcoming. Therefore no one thinks that working ways can be adapt but no one knows about the future. Keywords: Employee, Work from Home or Anywhere, Covid-19 epidemic, Hospitality and Tourism industry

In recent years, turnover of the millennial migrant workers has become a big challenge in the manufacturing industry in China's eastern coastal provinces. This thesis examines the relationship between the turnover intention of the millennial migrant workers and their work income, organizational and regional identifications and job satisfaction. A sample of 497 self-report questionnaires was collected from the millennial migrant workers in coastal areas of China, and SPSS was used to run regression analysis to test the theoretical model. This study reveals the following results. First, the actual income and comparative income gap (actual income-native place income) of the millennial migrant workers are positively correlated with job satisfaction; actual income is positively correlated with turnover intention, and the impact of comparative income gap (actual income-native place income) on turnover intentions is not significant. Second, both the organizational identification and regional identification of the millennial migrant workers are positively correlated with job satisfaction. The organizational identification and regional identification are negatively correlated with turnover intention. Third, the job satisfaction of the millennial migrant workers has a negative impact on their turnover intention; the job satisfaction has a mediating effect in the relationship between actual income and turnover intention, and the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between comparative income gap and turnover intention, is not significant; job satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationships between both organizational identification and regional identification, and turnover intention respectively. Based on the above research results, the thesis discusses implications at three levels, including government policy-making, enterprise management and individual millennial migrant workers. ; Nos últimos anos, o turnover dos trabalhadores migrantes da geração Y (millennials) tornou-se um grande desafio para a indústria nas províncias costeiras orientais chinesas. Esta tese examina a relação entre a intenção de saída voluntária destes trabalhadores migrantes e a sua remuneração, identificação organizacional e com a região, e satisfação no trabalho. Recolheu-se uma amostra de 497 questionários auto-reportados por trabalhadores migrantes da geração Y nas áreas costeiras da China e utilizou-se análises de regressão com o SPSS para testar o modelo teórico. Este estudo encontrou os seguintes resultados: Primeiro, a remuneração atual e a discrepância remuneratória (remuneração atual subtraída da remuneração auferida no local de origem) dos trabalhadores migrantes da geração Y estão positivamente associadas com a satisfação no trabalho; a remuneração atual está positivamente associada com a intenção de saída voluntária, e o impacto da discrepância remuneratória nas intenções de saída voluntária não é estatisticamente significativa. Segundo, a identificação dos trabalhadores migrantes da geração Y com a organização e com a região está positivamente associada com a satisfação com o trabalho. Estão ambas associadas negativamente com a intenção de saída voluntária. Terceiro, a satisfação no trabalho por parte dos trabalhadores migrantes da geração Y tem um impacto negativo na sua intenção de saída; a satisfação no trabalho tem um efeito mediador na relação entre a remuneração atual e a intenção de saída voluntária, e o efeito indireto da mediação da satisfação no trabalho entre a discrepância remuneratória e as intenções de saída voluntária não é significativo; a satisfação no trabalho desempenha um papel mediador na relação entre a identificação organizacional e a regional com a intenção de saída voluntária. Com base nos resultados expostos a tese discute as implicações a três níveis incluindo a produção de políticas governamentais, a gestão de empresas e os indivíduos trabalhadores migrantes da geração Y.

International audience This article aims at giving an overview about the four main collections of problems and studies that have structured over the last four decades what could be called the French school of rural sociology: from the rural exodus to the "rural renaissance"; the question of social change and innovation in agriculture; the working conditions, living conditions, professions in agriculture, and the alternative initiatives and paths away from productivism; politics and organisations in agriculture. In the last section, perspectives to understand splintering and coexistence of new forms of production organisation and agricultural trade in a context of globalisation are formulated.

Many call for research invites for further investigation of the underlying processes, practices and specificities of governance in the network context. Through an examination of what governance involves and how does it occur in a French cluster of video game companies, our multimethod study provide useful insights in the functions and purposes of governance in an inter-organizational and collaborative context, the main tools and mechanisms that are being used and the structure supporting these purposes and mechanisms. Our findings shed also light upon the processual nature of governance in network context. Governance is a set of processes, or a "meta-process", that are geared toward the creation, the maintenance and the evolution of collaboration relationships and the network as a collective actor. We refer to this process of governance functioning, evolution and continuous (re) evaluation as governance work.

Many call for research invites for further investigation of the underlying processes, practices and specificities of governance in the network context. Through an examination of what governance involves and how does it occur in a French cluster of video game companies, our multimethod study provide useful insights in the functions and purposes of governance in an inter-organizational and collaborative context, the main tools and mechanisms that are being used and the structure supporting these purposes and mechanisms. Our findings shed also light upon the processual nature of governance in network context. Governance is a set of processes, or a "meta-process", that are geared toward the creation, the maintenance and the evolution of collaboration relationships and the network as a collective actor. We refer to this process of governance functioning, evolution and continuous (re) evaluation as governance work.