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The article presents a study of the problems of science cities as key tools for the development of not only Rus-sian socio-economics, with modern technological challenges, but also the training of specialized scientific per-sonnel in universities and qualified engineering specialists in a priority area for each science city, which is im-portant not only for the entire scientific settlement, but for the region and the country as a whole, since at the same time integrity and balance are preserved development of the space of the whole country. The article ana-lyzes the research of 13 science cities with officially assigned status. Uneven territorial distribution of science cities has been revealed – almost all of them are located in the Central Federal District, which increases ine-quality between regions. The article examines the volume of funding for science cities with an emphasis on the uneven distribution of annually allocated funds, as well as a noticeable decrease in funding in recent years. The study focuses on the existing problems in the infrastructure of science cities, which is confirmed by the low quality indicators of the urban environment of individual science cities. The assumption is made about the weakening of state support for science cities and the insufficiency of funds allocated by the federal center for the development of the infrastructure of science cities. Recommendations are given on the need for special attention and comprehensive support of science cities, not only in terms of the development of scientific and industrial complexes and improving the efficiency of its use, but also creating comfortable living and working conditions in them. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results can be used in the preparation of proposals for the development of the urban environment of science cities.

Cover -- Contents -- Series Note -- Preface -- Introduction -- SECTION I - Conceptual Issues -- 1 - A Demographic Approach tothe Study of Urban Ecology -- 2 - Bombay: A Study in Urban -- 3 - Ecology and Development in India: A Field and Its Future -- 4 - Towards a More MeaningfulStudy of Ecology, Society and Culture -- 5- 'Environment' in Sociological Theory -- SECTION II - Environment and Displacement -- 6 - Parks, People and Protest: The Mediating Role of Environmental Action Groups -- 7 - Displacement, Rehabilitation and Resettlement: The Case of Maldhari Families of Gir Forest -- 8 - Coping with Development Pathologies: Resistance to Displacement -- 9 - 'They are All Set to Dam(n)Our Future': Contested Development through Hydel Power in Democratic Sikkim -- 10 - Revisiting the Baliraja Dam Struggle: A Study of an Environmental Movement in Maharashtra -- SECTION III - Forest and Water Issues -- 11 - Social and Ecological Drift of a Planned Urban Centre: A Study of Rourkela, Orissa -- 12 - How Effective are 'PaniPanchayats'?: A Fieldviewfrom Maharashtra -- 13 - Vosaad : 1 The Socio-CulturalForce of Water (A Studyfrom Goa) -- 14 - Forest Legislations and Livelihood Strategies: Khasi Women in Rural Meghalaya -- Index -- About the Editor and Contributors -- Appendix of Sources.

Abstract. The challenges for sociology posed by global environmental crises are two-fold. First, the growing prevalence of environmental dilemmas in global society demand that a globalizing sociology also be an environmental sociology. This requires the discipline to refine its ability to integrate environmental influences into its conceptual frameworks on social change. Second, the effectiveness of society's strategic responses to environmental crises depends on the degree to
which understanding the generation of environmental problems and responding to them are sociologically informed. Consequently, sociologists can make important contributions to environmental improvement, through sociological research on environmental discourses within civil society. However, this can only be done if the first challenge is addressed.

In this paper, we highlight coupled socioecological systems functioning in an embedded hierarchy of local, regional, and global scales. Strategic environmental response depends particularly on governance structures and the production and accessibility of knowledge and we focus our discussion on these two domains. Global environmental changes have introduced multiple sources of challenge for nation-states and for the ways in which democratic participation in governance becomes operative. The dramatic shifts in governance fomented by environmental concern in and of themselves require sociological attention; sociologists
also have a role in evaluating the efficacy of these organizational networks for addressing environmental crises. Second, we turn our attention to the means by which these environmental changes have challenged the production of knowledge about the environment. For example, the limits of traditional methods of scientific inquiry accompany an erosion in society's confidence in science as a harbinger of progress, all the while simultaneously pushing science — however reluctantly for scientists themselves — into a position of political prominence. We close with suggestions for future sociological attention to governance and
knowledge, and the ways this projects sociology more effectively into the global milieu in which environmental change will be increasingly salient.

Résumé. Les défis que constitue la crise environnementale pour la sociologie présentent un double aspect. Tout d'abord, la prévalence des dilemmes environne mentaux dans une société mondiale exige d'une sociologie mondialisante qu'elle soit également une sociologie environnementale. Cela exige donc que cette discipline soit davantage en mesure d'intégrer à ses cadres conceptuels les influences que peuvent avoir les changements environnementaux sur les changements
sociaux. En second lieu, l'efficacité potentielle des interventions stratégiques d'une société en regard des crises environnementales dépend de la mesure dans laquelle la sociologie éclaire notre compréhension de la source des problèmes environnementaux et de la manière d'y réagir. Par conséquent, les sociologues sont en mesure d'apporter d'importantes contributions à l'amélioration de l'environnement, en amenant la recherche sociologique à s'appuyer sur les discours environnementaux qui ont cours dans la société civile. Toutefois, on ne peut y arriver que si l'on aborde le premier défi.

Dans cet article, nous mettons brièvement en lumière les moyens par lesquels les systèmes, social et écologique, sont mutuellement constitutifs, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont des systèmes socio-écologiques associés qui fonctionnent dans une hiérarchie enchâssée d'échelles locale, régionale et mondiale. Ensuite, parce que la stratégie d'intervention environnementale dépendra en particulier des structures de gouvernance ainsi que de la production et de l'accessibilité des
connaissances, nous analysons en détail ces deux domaines. Les changements environnementaux à l'échelle planétaires ont introduit de nombreux défis de tous types pour les nations-États et quant aux manières dont se met en oeuvre la participation démocratique à la gouvernance. Deuxièmement, nous étudierons les moyens par lesquels les changements environnementaux mondiaux ont, dans le même ordre d'idées, remis en question la production de connaissances sur l'environnement. Par exemple, les limites des méthodes traditionnelles d'investigation scientifique sont mises à jour, en même temps qu'elles propulsent la science sur la scène politique. D'autres formes de connaissances agissent également comme des « contre-connaissances » envers la dominance épistémique de la science sur l'environnement. Nous terminons l'article par quelques suggestions quant à l'attention de nature sociologique qu'il faudra porter dans le futur à la gouvernance et à la connaissance, et par un examen de la façon dont cela projette la sociologie tout de bon dans le milieu planétaire dans lequel les changements environnementaux seront de plus en plus marquants.

"Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) was one of the most influential sociologists of the twentieth century, producing clear theories and innovative research that continue to shape multiple disciplines. Merton's reach can be felt in the study of social structure, social psychology, deviance, professions, organizations, culture, and science. Yet for all his fame, Merton is only partially understood. He is treated by scholars as a functional analyst, when in truth his contributions transcend paradigm

The author presents and introduces with comments the following article of the known Russian global problems researcher M. Cheshkov. It is assumed that working with ideal theoretical objects is fundamental for a scientific knowledge specificity, that the experience of recent years points to a dramatic connection between the growing interdependence of different regions and spaces in the modern world, and the increasing intensity of local and global antagonisms and passions.

Social sciences have gone too far in their specialization; their highly sophisticated methodological input is bringing diminishing returns in understanding the complexities & development trends of modern societies. More thought should be devoted to an integrated social science approach & to further elaboration of the broad-ranging theories of earlier times. In order not to fall victim to an orientation dilemma, ie, where one knows too much about too little, or too little about too much, a strategy of four-fold balance is delineated: balance in focus, in proportionality, in conceptualization, & in method. Modified AA.