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The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.

Discussed the circumstances connected with the modernization of the structure of sociological knowledge. The deployment of thoughts carried out in the context of clarifying ways to modernize the structure of sociological knowledge, the emergence of new research directions and identifying the essence of institutionalization of sociology of the army as an alternative to the military or military sociology.Keywords: structure of sociological knowledge, the modernization of science, sociology of the army, spheres approach, institutional approach. ; Обговорено обставини, пов'язані з модернізацією структури соціологічного знання. Розгортання думок здійснено у контексті з'ясування способів модернізації структури соціологічного знання, становлення нових напрямів дослідження та виявлення сутності інституціоналізації соціології армії як альтернативи військовій чи воєнній соціології.Ключові слова: структури соціологічного знання, модернізація науки, соціологія армії, сферний підхід, інституційний підхід.

The article provides a comparative review of the history, current status and areas of scientific activity of the Sociological Association of Ukraine (SAU), its creative ties with the European and world sociological community, in particular, joint research with Polish scientists. It emphasizes that most of the Ukrainian sociologists SAU members work in universities, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and public opinion research centers. Numerous sociological (theoretical and empirical) studies on various issues of vital activity of modern Ukrainian society are carried out by their efforts. It is noted that in addition to studying the issues of social transformation in its political, economic, legal, social and cultural aspects, that have become traditional for Ukrainian sociology, in recent years Ukrainian sociologists have turned to the analysis of such problems as external and internal migration (the problem of internally displaced persons); military conflict in the east of Ukraine and the volunteer movement; social inequality, including in its new manifestations, including those caused by the digitalization of public life. It is emphasized that today the most pressing issue of sociological reflection is the changes that occur in Ukraine after the last presidential election. Attention is focused on the fact that the victory of the political rookie in these elections was due to the huge social disappointments of the Ukrainians, since their expectations provoked by the Revolution of Dignity were not fulfilled. The first and most important disappointment, according to sociological studies, is the fact that peace has not reigned in the country. Second, the living standards of Ukrainian citizens have not improved. Third, the fight against corruption did not bring significant results. Fourth, social inequality deepened: the rich became richer, and the poor became poorer. The fifth disappointment is the inefficiency of the declared reforms: judicial, medical, educational, customs, electoral, etc. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the new government depends, among other things, on its consideration of such features of the mass consciousness of the Ukrainian population as a critical level of distrust of all institutions of power; value and ideological ambivalence and uncertainty. The conclusions are formulated about the unlikeliness of return of Ukraine to the orbit of Russian political and economic influence, as well as the victory of radical nationalist ideology in our country.

The article is devoted to the existence and development of domestic sociological science in the Soviet period. The author tries to prove that even during the totalitarian regime sociology tried to develop. Thus, the development of sociological science, which slowed down greatly during the totalitarian regime, intensified in the era of the "thaw", when thousands of scientists in the USSR were attracted in so-called "social forecasting", conducting and implementing a number of research programs of an applied nature by order of the party and state leadership. Thus, in the Ukrainian SSR a process of revival and formation of sociological science began in the 50-60's of the twentieth century, albeit rather slowly and in the form of irregular research. The article argues that the mentioned revival became possible due to a number of objective factors: the liberalization of the political system associated with economic reform and the urgent need for practical social knowledge. During this period Ukrainian sociology had only a regional status, which on the one hand did not provide such broad opportunities as the "central" Russian science, and on the other hand, it contributed to specific differences and a certain freedom and creativity. But such an imbalance also brought some benefits, since remoted from the center academic institutions were freer in choosing areas of pedagogical and sociological work, therefore they were more likely to gain experience in creating various specialized training in this scientific field and thematic sociological research. The article also analyzes the fact that, taking into account the ideological postulates, sociology in the USSR has always been considered a science that deals primarily with social relations in the field of production. That is, it was assigned the role of scientific substantiation and development of long-term social policy and ways of its implementation in the form of " plans of social development ". Thus, the renewal of sociology in Ukraine was determined by the practice of economic and social planning in particular, and the entire period of the 60's - early 70's in Ukrainian sociology was held under the auspices of industrial sociology.

The article is focused on the historical sociology analysis of social identities studies, the results of which are presented in scientific publications in top Ukrainian periodicals. The direction of development of such researches in thematic, theoretical, and methodological aspects of their socio-cultural context is outlined. Possible new directions of research on the problem chosen by the author are determined. The author conducted a content analysis of the professional publications where the subject is identity and identification placed in the online archives of professional publications of Ukraine in sociology for the last decade. An analysis of the thematic diversity of the articles revealed that the vast majority of them are devoted to specific identities, primarily ethnic-national and local, identity is considered as a specific feature of the group; only a quarter of the publications have a general theoretical character and focused in the analysis of identity as such. It was found that the dominant research focuses have long been dominated by conceptualization and analysis of the formation of a selected social identity, but in recent years the authors pay more attention to the functional load of social identities, in particular their impact on Ukrainian society, especially its integration/disintegration, on conflicts and solidarity. The conclusion about a certain decrease in attention to the subject of social identities, and at the same time theoretical, methodological, thematic, and subject complication of their researches are formulated. It is emphasized that further comprehensive studies of identities (their connections, contexts, and social consequences) have a scientific perspective because it is possible to reach a deeper understanding of the processes taking place in modern Ukrainian society with their help.

The article attempts to approbate the theoretical positions of cultural sociology and the "strong program" of cultural-sociological analysis for the study of problems at the crossroads of two subject fields – social inequality and the relations of exclusion / inclusiveness in transitional societies and postponed transit, to which the modern Ukrainian belongs. The scientific and practical necessity of changing the worldview orientations of sociology with the rejection of the old ideas in relation to the secondary and dependent on the basis and social structure of the role of culture is argued. As an intermediate link in understanding the status of culture in public life at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries the possibilities of a sociocultural approach with a balanced ratio of cultural and social are considered. It is shown that in today's conditions a further rethinking of the role and place of culture in the development of societies of different scales – from local to global – with the provision of a culture of primacy in stimulating social change, with the formation of a cultural structure took place. The great cognitive possibilities of modern cultural sociology and its methodical apparatus in studies on the border issues of social inequality and social inclusion with its intermediate states are highlighted. The arguments concerning the feasibility of using the possibilities of cultural sociology in studying the problems of inclusive education and its impacts on social changes are presented. The Case for the demonstration of cognitive and practical possibilities of cultural sociology has chosen the introduction of inclusive education, primarily for people with a health deviance as the most socially unprotected population in the post-communist countries, including Ukraine. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the difficulties and problems of the implementation of inclusive education in the social life of the country. This led to the introduction of the concept of medical inclination as a reflection of the actual state of social inclusion or exclusion in modern day-to-day practices of the population and in the rule-making activity of the state. Since the introduction of inclusive education is described as a process, the possibilities of a "strong program" of cultural-sociological analysis are seen in fixing the degree of legitimacy among the general population and the degree of legitimization in the legislative acts of the state. Also, the means of cultural-sociological analysis allow to record certain social changes in overcoming social inequality as intermediate implications of the introduction of inclusive education. The algorithm is proposed and the components of the "strong program" and "dense description" of the study of inclusive education are presented in accordance with the provisions and principles of J. Alexander's cultural sociology, adapted to the realities of Ukraine.

The article raises the question of finding methodological, methodical, categorical foundation for a new direction for the Ukrainian Sociology - Sociology of war. Given the general outlines of the industry sociological knowledge: the nature, objects, features, main directions of transformation qualitatively new trends of armed struggle, the consequences of military action in the context of the events that take place at the Donbas. It is proved that the war as a social phenomenon has two dialectically related parties: the socio-political and military-technical. The first shows you who and what is in the name of military action, and the second reflects the material and human resources that are used in the war. It is alleged that the anti-terrorist operation has long been turned into a so-called «hybrid» war on its members and methods of warfare. The major component of this war is information warfare, which are in the process of simulacra, having nothing to do with reality, but to destroy and deform the minds of millions of people. ; В статье осуществляется поиск методологической, методической и категориальной основы нового для украинской социологии направления – социологии войны. Представляются общие характеристики этой отрасли социологического знания: объект, предмет, функции, направления исследований и т.д. Подчеркивается, что актуализация социологии войны на отечественной почве обусловливается необходимостью научного анализа качественно новых тенденций вооруженной борьбы, причин и последствий военных действий в контексте тех событий, которые проходят на Донбассе. Обосновывается, что война как социальное явление имеет две диалектически связанные стороны: социально-политическую и военно-техническую. Первая определяет, кто и во имя чего ведет военные действия, а вторая отражает те материальные и человеческие ресурсы, которые используются в войне. Утверждается, что антитеррористическая операция по своим участникам и методам ведения боевых действий уже давно переросла в так называемую «гибридную» войну. Важнейшей составляющей этой войны является информационная борьба, в процессе которой создаются симулякры, не имеющие ничего общего с реальной действительностью, но существенно влияющие на сознание миллионов людей, зомбируя их. ; У статті здійснюється пошук методологічної, методичної та категоріальної основи нового для української соціології напрямку - соціології війни. Надається загальна характеристика цієї галузі соціологічного знання: її об'єкт, предмет, функції тощо. Підкреслюється, що актуалізація соціології війни на вітчизняному грунті зумовлюється необхідністю наукового аналізу якісно нових тенденцій збройної боротьби, причин та наслідків військових дій у контексті тих подій, що відбуваються на Донбасі. Зазначається, що війна як соціальне явище має дві діалектично пов'язані сторони: соціально-політичну і військово-технічну. Перша визначає, хто і в ім'я чого веде військові дії, а друга відображає ті матеріальні та людські ресурси, які використовуються у війні. Стверджується, що антитерористична операція за своїми учасниками і методами ведення бойових дій вже давно переросла у так звану «гібридну» війну. Найважливішою складовою цієї війни є інформаційна боротьба, в процесі якої створюються симулякри, які не мають нічого спільного з реальною дійсністю, але суттєво впливають на свідомість мільйонів людей, зомбуючи їх.

The article has indicated the limits in the field of the sociology of intellectuals, philosophical analysis of this phenomenon was provided. It was shown a number of approaches to the study of the intellectual class in connection with its modifications in the twentieth century. Sociology of intellectuals, like its subject, has a very colorful history. It is true that when we are talking about the intellectuals the first thing that could come to our minds is the phenomena of French intellectuals, where the Dreyfus affair, which marked the emergence of new social group vested with the great influence in the society. Thenceforward, the term «intellectual» became of common, yet sometimes derogatory usage. The turning point of that times was the 4500-word article, published in the «L'Aurore» newspaper in January 1898 by Emile Zola and headlined «J'Accuse…!» – an open letter to the President Faure, defending unfairly convicted captain Alfred Dreyfus. In was the moment of great intellectual consolidation of philosophers, journalists, writers and other elite representatives in their struggle not just against the anti-Semitism, but struggle for justice, truth and rights for all the members of society that could not be discarded by the tradition and authority of the government any more. Later on the brilliant thoughts on intellectuals and their role were spoken by famous XX century French philosophers: Jean Paul Sartre, Michelle Foucault, Raymond Aron, Pierre Bourdieu and lots of others. Forexample, Sartre, stated in his article for the defense of the intellectuals, that that being specialists in some fields, they are always invading the fields out of their competence, bearing the universal system of values. The term is also equally well used in the Western and Eastern worlds, sometimes emerging from the facing the affairs that are analogous to the Dreyfus case. The turning point for the field of the sociology of intellectuals was the book «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by Julien Benda. Author's concerns were about his vision of the final decline of intellectuals as a class. However, despite the literary preferences and apocalyptic tone in his book, the main themes have been focused on the approach in sociology of intellectuals, considering them as a class. Intellectuals can develop common interests that put them apart from other groups in society, sometimes concentrating around those interests, and sometimes giving up any of its organization and being on the margins of the society. On other hand, Pierre Bourdieu believes that despite common interests, intellectuals are not always prone to collective action and only in certain moments of history they are exempt from political pessimism of pure culture and hypocritical involvement in politics, appear to protect its own interests, the best example of which is the Dreyfus affair. Therefore, we considered several approaches that have appeared in the twentieth century in the sociology of intellectuals, though they certainly do not exhaust the scope of such a controversial subject of philosophical investigation. It was shown on the paradigmatic significance of «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by J. Benda, as the first comprehensive philosophical reflection that became fundamental to sociology of intellectuals. The approaches that were described in the article should be borne in mind at least to avoid terminological controversy. In addition, intellectual communication takes place by means of media environment, the development of which has led to fundamental changes in our understanding of intellectuals and modern access to information undermines the credibility of the «classic» intellectuals as a class, but in any case, the request for them is not yet lost in the society, and therefore such research is still quite relevant.Keywords: sociology of intellectuals, science, society, the elite, the cultural capital, the class identity. ; У статті окреслено межі галузі соціології інтелектуалів, надано філософський аналіз цього явища. Висвітлено декілька підходів у дослідженні класу інтелектуалів у зв'язку з його видозмінами у ХХ столітті.Ключові слова: соціологія інтелектуалів, наука, суспільство, еліта, культурний капітал, класова ідентичність.В статье обозначены пределы области социологии интеллектуалов, предоставлено философский анализ этого явления. Освещены несколько подходов в исследовании класса интеллектуалов в связи с его видоизменениями в ХХ веке.Ключевые слова: социология интеллектуалов, наука, общество, элита, культурный капитал, классовая идентичность.The article has indicated the limits in the field of the sociology of intellectuals, philosophical analysis of this phenomenon was provided. It was shown a number of approaches to the study of the intellectual class in connection with its modifications in the twentieth century. Sociology of intellectuals, like its subject, has a very colorful history. It is true that when we are talking about the intellectuals the first thing that could come to our minds is the phenomena of French intellectuals, where the Dreyfus affair, which marked the emergence of new social group vested with the great influence in the society. Thenceforward, the term «intellectual» became of common, yet sometimes derogatory usage. The turning point of that times was the 4500-word article, published in the «L'Aurore» newspaper in January 1898 by Emile Zola and headlined «J'Accuse…!» – an open letter to the President Faure, defending unfairly convicted captain Alfred Dreyfus. In was the moment of great intellectual consolidation of philosophers, journalists, writers and other elite representatives in their struggle not just against the anti-Semitism, but struggle for justice, truth and rights for all the members of society that could not be discarded by the tradition and authority of the government any more. Later on the brilliant thoughts on intellectuals and their role were spoken by famous XX century French philosophers: Jean Paul Sartre, Michelle Foucault, Raymond Aron, Pierre Bourdieu and lots of others. Forexample, Sartre, stated in his article for the defense of the intellectuals, that that being specialists in some fields, they are always invading the fields out of their competence, bearing the universal system of values. The term is also equally well used in the Western and Eastern worlds, sometimes emerging from the facing the affairs that are analogous to the Dreyfus case. The turning point for the field of the sociology of intellectuals was the book «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by Julien Benda. Author's concerns were about his vision of the final decline of intellectuals as a class. However, despite the literary preferences and apocalyptic tone in his book, the main themes have been focused on the approach in sociology of intellectuals, considering them as a class. Intellectuals can develop common interests that put them apart from other groups in society, sometimes concentrating around those interests, and sometimes giving up any of its organization and being on the margins of the society. On other hand, Pierre Bourdieu believes that despite common interests, intellectuals are not always prone to collective action and only in certain moments of history they are exempt from political pessimism of pure culture and hypocritical involvement in politics, appear to protect its own interests, the best example of which is the Dreyfus affair. Therefore, we considered several approaches that have appeared in the twentieth century in the sociology of intellectuals, though they certainly do not exhaust the scope of such a controversial subject of philosophical investigation. It was shown on the paradigmatic significance of «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by J. Benda, as the first comprehensive philosophical reflection that became fundamental to sociology of intellectuals. The approaches that were described in the article should be borne in mind at least to avoid terminological controversy. In addition, intellectual communication takes place by means of media environment, the development of which has led to fundamental changes in our understanding of intellectuals and modern access to information undermines the credibility of the «classic» intellectuals as a class, but in any case, the request for them is not yet lost in the society, and therefore such research is still quite relevant.Keywords: sociology of intellectuals, science, society, the elite, the cultural capital, the class identity.

Confidence in Ukrainian society as an example of post­Soviet societies are influenced by a number of specific conditions. In particular, the transition to a market democracy led to the formation of trust relationships that are limited to family and inner circle person. After the results of the annual monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of NAS of Ukraine show that most respondents trust to reveal themselves and their families. In such circumstances is understandable tendency to form defensive identity with family and close circle, when there is a desire to develop local microstructure, ensuring inclusion. In other words, values and norms that dominate today in Ukrainian society focused on strengthening interpersonal trust within the family and family circle more than on the development of trusting relationships­family type. In this article the theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon of «trust» to a comprehensive study of the concept and a clear statement on social trust. Signs of social trust can be considered in future studies as indicators of social phenomenon of trust and fixed in empirical social research. ; Довіра українського суспільства як прикладу пострадянського типу суспільств формуються під впливом низки специфічних умов. Зокрема, перехід до ринкової демократії спричинив формування довірчих відносин, які обмежуються сім'єю та найближчим оточенням особи. Адже результати щорічного моніторингу Інституту соціології НАН України засвідчують, що найбільшу довіру респонденти виявляють до себе та своєї сім'ї. У таких умовах зрозумілою є тенденція до формування захисної ідентичності із родиною та найближчим оточенням, коли виникає бажання розвивати локальні мікроструктури, що забезпечують включення у суспільство. Розуміння останнього звужується до «своїх». Іншими словами, цінності та норми, які домінують сьогодні в українському суспільстві, орієнтовані на посилення міжособистої довіри у рамках родинно­сімейного кола більшою мірою, аніж на розвиток довірчих відносин позасімейного типу. У даній статті здійснюється теоретична інтерпретація феномена «довіра» з метою комплексного вивчення даного концепту та чіткого формулювання ознак соціальної довіри. Ознаки соціальної довіри можуть розглядатися в подальших соціологічних дослідженнях як індикатори феномена довіри та фіксуватися в емпіричних соціологічних дослідженнях. ; Довіра українського суспільства як прикладу пострадянського типу суспільств формуються під впливом низки специфічних умов. Зокрема, перехід до ринкової демократії спричинив формування довірчих відносин, які обмежуються сім'єю та найближчим оточенням особи. Адже результати щорічного моніторингу Інституту соціології НАН України засвідчують, що найбільшу довіру респонденти виявляють до себе та своєї сім'ї. У таких умовах зрозумілою є тенденція до формування захисної ідентичності із родиною та найближчим оточенням, коли виникає бажання розвивати локальні мікроструктури, що забезпечують включення у суспільство. Розуміння останнього звужується до «своїх». Іншими словами, цінності та норми, які домінують сьогодні в українському суспільстві, орієнтовані на посилення міжособистої довіри у рамках родинно­сімейного кола більшою мірою, аніж на розвиток довірчих відносин позасімейного типу. У даній статті здійснюється теоретична інтерпретація феномена «довіра» з метою комплексного вивчення даного концепту та чіткого формулювання ознак соціальної довіри. Ознаки соціальної довіри можуть розглядатися в подальших соціологічних дослідженнях як індикатори феномена довіри та фіксуватися в емпіричних соціологічних дослідженнях.

The paper identifies specifics transition of military identity in the context of alternation theories of P. Berger and T. Lukman, habitus of P. Bourdieu, «the homecomer» of A. Schütz, and «cultural shock» of K. Oberg and B. Bergman. In the context of the theory of P. Berger and T. Lukman, it is necessary to distinguish between two modes of military identity – a weak form (correlated with partial secondary socialization in the army field) and a strong form (correlated with the alternation, which is accompanied by distancing from the past). In the context of Bourdieu's theory, the transition of military identity is correlated with the concept of habitus. The militant habitus can enter into a collision with the civil soci- ocultural context during the transition of a serviceman from the army to the civilian field. The contradic- tion between two habitus, which for a long time was formed in the military and civil sociocultural fields, can have a hysteresis (delay in adapting to social changes) by its effect. In the context of the theory of «cultural shock» K. Oberg and B. Bergman, the transition of military identity is correlated with the state of social anxiety and disorientation of an individual in the situation of sudden immersion in an unknown military cultural context in which the previous socio-cultural experience is no longer applicable. In the context of the concept of «the homecomer» of A. Schütz, the problem of the disparity of relevance systems actual in army and civil fields is analyzed, which can lead to a retardation of the reintegration process. It is concluded that the success of social rehabilitation of veterans largely depends on their ability to transform military identity and transpose it into a civilian context. ; В статье выявлена специфика транзитов милитарной идентичности в контексте теорий альтернации П. Бергера и Т. Лукмана, габитуса П. Бурдье, «возвращающегося домой» А. Шютца и «культурного шока» К. Оберга и Б. Бергмана. Сделан вывод, что успешность социальной реадаптации ветеранов в значительной степени зависит от их умения транспонировать милитарную идентичность в гражданский контекст. ; У статті виявлено специфіку транзитів мілітарної ідентичності в контексті теорій альтернації П. Бергера і Т. Лукмана, габітуса П. Бурдьє, «того, хто повертається додому» А. Шютца і «культурного шоку» К. Оберга і Б. Бергмана. Зроблено висновок, що успішність соціальної реадаптації ветеранів значно залежить від уміння транспонувати мілітарну ідентичність у цивільний контекст.