Suchergebnisse

Soil serves as a combination of minerals, organic matter, air, water and the countless micro-organisms that together support life on earth. Continued degradation of soils has adversely affected crop productivity in the country. The soil health has been impaired due to emergence of multi nutrient deficiencies and falling carbon levels. Government of India planned to issue Soil Health Cards to all the farmers under the scheme Soil Health card Scheme and launched this scheme in 2015. Soil Health Card Scheme has helped India achieve surplus capacity in food grain production. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. The study was conducted in few selected villages of Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh in which it was found that Soil Health Card scheme is being implemented and the farmers were aware of SHCS and are being motivated to utilize the information given in soil health cards. Andhra Pradesh has issued most number of soil health cards to its farmers. It is concluded that majority of respondents have medium level of knowledge and utilization of SHC. Nearly 50% of respondents were utilizing the information given by SHC and stated that there is increase in production. View Article DOI:10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.013

A research study was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the Bhoochetana Project of Government of Andhra Pradesh initiated in the year 2010-11 for distributing Soil Health Cards (SHCs) to farmers. Almost all the respondents were seen to be distributed between medium and high level categories in respect of value attribution to SHC recommendations. With respect to comparative value attribution, third rank was assigned to SHC recommendations. More than two-thirds (67.00%) of the respondents had high level of satisfaction on SHC recommendations. Out of the 100 respondents studied, 47 of them had followed SHC recommendations all the five years. Among adopters of SHC recommendations, cent per cent of the farmers had adopted the SHC recommendations as such without any deviation. Whereas, among non-Adopters of SHC recommendations, an overwhelming proportion (92.45%) of farmers fell under excess adoption category. Inadequate follow-up by extension agencywas the foremost constraint expressed by majority of the respondents.

Soil health and fertility is the basis for sustainable profitability of the farmers.Hence, there is a need for balanced use of fertilizers, keeping this government of India introduced Soil Health Card Scheme across India. On 5th December 2015 the ministry of agriculture introduced the soil health card (SHC) scheme.Some farmers complained that the soil test values are not representative of their fields and they also complained that the field staff are not collected soil samples in their presence.In this background an attempt was made to study the impact on socio-economic conditions of the small and marginal farmers.Total of 120 respondents was selected in Ekangarsarai block, Nalanda district, Bihar by purposive sampling method. The data was collected from them and analyzed using MS-excel.Given the short duration of the scheme, knowledge levels are good. At the same time participation of farmers in meetings, exposure visits are not high. Awareness campaigns need to be organized on content of SHCs, use of recommended practices, reduction in fertilizer use and costs and increase in profitability. View Article DOI:10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i11.004

Healthy soils produce healthy crops that in turn nourish people and animals. It is the foundation of the food system. Soil testing is a well recognized scientific method for quick characterization of the soil fertility status and prediction of crop nutrient requirement which are lost through improper use of fertilizers, continuous cropping, erosion, leaching, volatilization, denitrification and fixation. Soil Health Card (SHC) is a Government of Indias scheme which apart from giving the health index of soil & also indicates fertilizer recommendations and soil amendment required for the farm. Knowing the fertility status of soil before sowing of crop will lead to proper usage & dosage of appropriate fertilizer, thus maintaining the essential nutrients profile & OC status for optimal crop productivity.

Soil health and fertility are the basis for gaining sustainable profit through higher productivity by the farmers. Using optimal doses of fertilizers and cropping pattern as per the scientific recommendations is the first step towards sustainable farming. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the most important component in maintaining soil quality because of its role in improving physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Organic matter is an important source of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Soil Health card is a Government of India's scheme promoted by the Department of Agriculture & Co-operation under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, apart from giving the health index of soil, will also indicate fertilizer recommendations and soil amendment required for the farm. Under Govt. of Haryana sanctioned Soil Health Card project, ARF carried out the fertility status study of 3000 acres of land of village Baroda Mor, block Mundlana, Tehsil Gohana, Sonipat, Haryana and distribute the cards well before the harvesting of Rabi crop with proper recommendation on dosage of appropriate fertilizer as per deficiency of essential nutrient parameter. View Article DOI:10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i6.001

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Soil Health: An Overview and Goals for These Volumes -- Synopsis of Two-Volume Book -- Introduction -- Why is Soil Health Important? -- Soil Health Indicators and Methods -- Need for Standardization -- Interpretation of Soil Health Information -- Utilizing Soil Health Assessments to Inform Soil Management Decisions -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Evolution of the Soil Health Movement -- Introduction -- Pre-20th Century Soil Awareness -- From 1900 to 1970 -- From 1970 to 2000 - Soil Quality Emerges -- Concept Development -- Soil Quality Assessment -- 21st Century Developments in Soil Health -- References -- Chapter 3 The Utility and Futility of Soil Health Assessment -- Chapter Overview -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Comparison groups -- Scale -- Analytical Methods -- Degrees of Change -- Soil Health Limitations -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Metadata: An Essential Component for Interpreting Soil Health Measurements -- Methods and Frequency -- Site Description -- Soil Characterization -- Experimental Descriptors -- Climate and Weather -- Management -- Sample Collection, Preparation, Storage, and Analysis -- Discussion -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Soil Health Assessment of Agricultural Lands -- Summary -- Overview of Assessments -- Assessment Frameworks -- Initial Soil Health Frameworks -- Soil Health Cards -- Soil Conditioning Index (SCI) -- AgroEcosystem Performance Assessment Tool (AEPAT) -- Rangeland and Forestland Assessment -- Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) -- Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health (CASH) -- Land-Potential Knowledge System (LandPKS) -- Evolving Soil Health Assessment Activities -- References -- Chapter 6 Soil Health Assessment of Forest Soils -- Introduction.

Title Page -- Table of Contents -- Opening Session 1 -- World Review -- The European overview -- Healthcare Chip Card Technology in North America -- The Prospects of Health Cards in Asia -- Opening Session 2 -- Can Medical Informatics Deliver? - How Useful is the Present Communication Infrastructure in Health Care? -- International Harmonisation of Healthcards -- Parallel Session 1. Policy and countrywide implementation (part I) -- Information systems in healthcare Situation in France -- German Patient Cards - From administrative to medical data - - Harmonization and Standards - -- Introduction of Health Cards within the Italian National Healthcare System -- Health Card Initiative in '98 and Vision for the Future -- NETLINK: a co-ordinated action to ensure implementation of interoperable data cards systems and Intranet solutions in France, Germany, Italy and Canada -- Parallel Session 2. Expert session - Interoperability and standardisation -- Statements for the round table discussion -- Parallel Session 3. Policy and countrywide implementation (part II) -- National Identification Card and Health Card Project in Korea -- Introducing the card technology in the Slovene health care system -- Project "MACHA" - health card pilot apppplication in the Czech Republic Progress and development -- The Spanish social security smart card project TASS Project) -- Introduction of Health Cards in Norway -- Parallel Session 4. Financial aspects of card projects -- Economics of Chip Cards in Health Care: Insurance Cards and Electronic Prescriptions -- Data under a fingertip: benefits of a smart card in health care -- A useful ASSESSMENT for decision makers -- Cost-effective solution for Health Cards using an interoperable mixture of memory and processor chips -- Parallel Session 5. Confidentiality and security

Title Page -- Table of Contents -- Session 3: International Reviews -- An Overview of the World Health Card Cystem -- The Situation of Health Cards in Belgium -- Health Card Projects Overview and Outlooks - Canada -- The Link between Health Care Expenses Containment and Card Systems in France -- Health Cards in Germany -- Regional Review: Italian Condition -- Chip cards in the Netherlands -- A View from the NHS in England -- Regional Review United States of America -- Session 4: Insurance Cards -- The Introduction of the German Health Insurance Card and its Effects on Data Communications within the System of Statutory Health Insurance in Germany -- Introduction of Medical Cards to Improve Communication -- A Health Ministry View from France of the Set Up of a Card System in Health Care -- Social Security Card in Spain -- Introducing Smart cards in Health Care in the Netherlands -- Legal Aspects of Introducing the Health Insurance Card and Effects on Medical Confidentiality -- Session 5: Standards and Health Telematics -- G-7 Activities -International Harmonization of Use of Data Cards in Health Care -- Interoperability of Card Systems in Germany: - Assumptions and Minimal Requirements -- Interoperability of Card Systems in Germany: Standards and Technics -- An NHS View from England of Computer-Readable Cards in Health Care -- The Experience of the Introduction of Medical Cards in Italy -- Session 6: Patient Cards -- The Western Governors' Association -Health Passport Project -- Documentation and Communication in Oncology - Shared Care System by Hybrid Cards -- The PCS, a Trigger for an Evolution or a Revolution in the Health Care System: A Reflexion from the Quebec Experience -- The PANCEA Project -- DIABOARD - A Smart Card for Patients with Chronic Diseases -- Session 7: Professional Cards -- Professional Cards of the European Future

The possibility of using microbiological indicators of soil «health» to assess the soils. Th e fundamental possibility of quantitative characterization of the functional potential of the microbial system with the assessment of «ecological services» is shown. Thermodynamic criteria of natural microbial system (exergy and specific exergy) allow to carry out diagnostics of soil condition with direct estimation of degradation and damage. System characteristics of soil microbiota allow to approach the solution of many topical problems of functional soil science.

Soil health: A role for arbuscular mycorrhizas
Lynette Abbott from The University of Western Australia, focuses on soil health again, this time examining the role of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Mycorrhizas are common associations between plants and highly specialised fungi that participate in important soil health processes, including nutrient uptake by plants. This can include nutrients from fertilisers, the breakdown of soil organic matter, and soil minerals. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form extensive networks of hyphae in soil that extend around roots and increase the soil volume that can be explored. In addition to nutrient scavenging, the hyphae contribute to maintaining a friable soil structure that benefits root growth and even helps plants access water in tiny soil pores when soil conditions are dry. Mycorrhizas may also contribute to protection against root disease.