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Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT -- RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Fostering Fiscal Discipline -- B. Structural Reform to Strengthen Nascent Institutions -- C. Program Monitoring and Risks -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Security: Strealiming the Fiscal Cost of Security in Somalia -- 2. Technical Assistance-Stocking and Challenges Ahead -- 3. Reform of the National Currency -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2013-17 -- 2a. Federal Government Operations, 2013-17 (Millions of U.S. dollars)

Analysis of the industrial development of Somalia and the potential for resourced-based industrialization

Cover -- Contents -- Glossary -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction -- II. Internal Audit -- A. Progress Since the Previous Mission -- B. Accomplishments of this Mission -- C. Challenges and Recommendations -- III. Accounting -- A. Progress Since the Previous Mission -- B. Accomplishments During this Mission -- C. Challenges and Recommendations -- IV. Subsequent Missions -- Tables -- 1. Assignments and Recommendations for Internal Audit and Accounting -- Appendices -- I. Agenda - Internal Audit and Accounting Training - Central Bank of Somalia -- II. Training Participants - Finance and Internal Audit Department -- III. Summary of Proposed Topics to be Covered in Training Missions -- IV. Status of Assignments and Recommendations -- V. Balance Sheet Presentation with IMF Accounts -- VI. Audit Program -- VII. Guidance Note on Currency in Circulation -- VIII. Foreign Currency Operations -- IX. Average Method of Calculating the Exchange Rate for Foreign Currency Transactions -- X. Transitioning to IFRS -- XI. Internal Audit Training

Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT -- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS -- PERFORMANCE UNDER SMP III -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- PROGRAM AND POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Managing Public Finances amid Sustained Fiscal Pressures -- B. Supporting Financial Stability and Improving Financial Intermediation -- C. Establishing the Foundations for Sustained Economic Growth and Improving Governance -- D. External Position, Arrears Clearance, and Debt Relief -- E. Authorities' Views -- F. Program Modalities -- G. Data Issues -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Smoothing Revenue and Spending Cycles-Benefits of a Fiscal Buffer -- 2. Progress and Next Steps Towards Fiscal Federalism -- 3. AML/CFT Reforms: Progress and Next Steps -- 4. Governance Assessment and Reforms -- FIGURES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2015-20 -- 2. Structural Issues and Governance -- 3. Fiscal Sector Developments, 2015-20 -- 4. Financial Sector Developments -- TABLES -- 1. Structural Benchmarks Under the Staff-Monitored Program III, May 2018-April 2019 -- 2. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2015-22 -- 3a. Federal Government Operations, 2016-22 (Millions of U.S. dollars) -- 3b. Federal Government Operations, 2016-22 (Percent of GDP) -- 4. Summary Accounts of the Central Bank, 2015-2019 -- 5. Consolidated Commercial Banks Balance Sheet, 2015-2019 -- 6. Monetary Survey 2015-2019 -- 7a. Balance of Payments, 2015-22 (Millions of U.S. dollars) -- 7b. Balance of Payments, 2015-22 (Percent of GDP) -- 8a. External Public Debt, 2014-18 (Millions of U.S. dollars) -- 8b. External Public Debt, 2014-18 (Percent of GDP) -- 9. Off-Budget Aid, 2014-18 -- ANNEXES -- I. Somalia's Political and Economic Reform Agenda and Partnership with the International Community -- II. Implementation of Past IMF Policy Recommendations -- III. The HIPC Process -- IV. Risk Assessment Matrix -- APPENDIX.

Cover -- Contents -- Glossary -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction -- II. Internal Audit -- A. Background -- B. Internal Audit Charter and Audit Committee Charter -- C. Organizational Structure -- D. Internal Audit Manual -- E. Risk-Based Auditing -- III. Accounting -- A. CBS Financial Statements -- B. IFRS Analysis -- C. Accounting IT Systems -- D. Chart of Accounts -- E. Accounting Policies and Procedures -- F. Finance Department Organizational Structure -- IV. Conclusion -- Table -- 1. Assignments for Internal Auditing and Accounting -- Figures -- 1. Internal Audit Capacity Maturity Model for Public Sector -- 2. Organizational Chart of the Internal Audit Department -- 3. Internal Audit's Role in Enterprise Risk Management -- 4. Organizational Chart of the Finance Department -- Appendices -- I. Agenda--Internal Audit and Accounting Training Sessions -- II. Training Participants -- III. Summary of Topics to be Covered in Training Missions -- IV. Internal Audit Charter (Example) -- V. Audit Committee Charter -- VI. IMF Internal Auditing and Accounting Mission at CBS -- VII. IFRS--Basic Concepts -- VIII. Accounting Manuals -- IX. Property, Plant, and Equipment -- X. Audit Universe.

In 1990, the ICRC was the only humanitarian organization with a regular presence in northern Somalia, where the conflict between government forces and the SNM continued unabated. The fighting compounded ethnic tensions, leading to an extremely complicated situation where the various Somali tribes in the area found themselves aligned with the combatant groups; the circumstances of the conflict were rendered still more complex by the presence of thousands of Ethiopian refugees in the area.

This work explores Somalia's state collapse and the security threats posed by Somalia's prolonged crisis. Communities are reduced to lawlessness, and the interests of commercial elites have shifted towards rule of law, but not a revived central state. Terrorists have found Somalia inhospitable, using it mainly for short-term transshipment

Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT -- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS -- PERFORMANCE UNDER THE SMP -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Program Discussions -- B. Improving the Fiscal Framework and Budget Credibility -- C. Developing Monetary and Financial Institutions -- D. Establishing the Foundations for Sustained Economic Recovery and Social Inclusion -- E. External Debt Relief and Arrears Clearance for Somalia -- OTHER ISSUES -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Introduction of the New Currency -- 2. AML/CFT Regulation and Supervision -- 3. Tackling Governance and Corruption -- 4. Social Spending Programs -- FIGURES -- 1. Macroeconomic Developments, 2013-17 -- 2. Real Sector Developments, 2009-17 -- 3. Fiscal Sector Developments, 2014-17 -- 4. Financial Sector Developments -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2014-20 -- 2a. Federal Government Operations, 2016-20 (Millions of U.S. dollars) -- 2b. Federal Government Operations, 2016-20 (Percent of GDP) -- 3. Summary Accounts of the Central Bank, 2014:Q4-2017:Q4 -- 4. Consolidated Commercial Banks Balance Sheet, 2015:Q1-2017:Q3 -- 5a. Balance of Payments, 2014-20 (Millions of U.S. dollars) -- 5b. Balance of Payments, 2014-20 (Percent of GDP) -- 6a. External Public Debt, 2013-17 (Millions of U.S. dollars) -- 6b. External Public Debt, 2013-17 (Percent of GDP) -- 7. Off-Budget Aid, 2014-17 -- ANNEXES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. Fragility and IMF Engagement Under the SMP -- APPENDIX -- I. Letter of Intent -- Attachment I. Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies -- Attachment II. Technical Memorandum of Understanding -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- IMF-WORLD BANK COLLABORATION -- RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD BANK GROUP -- RELATIONS WITH THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.