Suchergebnisse

The effects of the US's likely decision to deploy a national missile defense system on India's & Pakistan's respective nuclear policies are considered. Overviews of the South Asian region's concern with US national missile defense & of US policy toward nuclear weapons in India & Pakistan are provided. It is contended that three factors will significantly influence India's response: how the People's Republic of China (PRC) responds to US deployment of anti-ballistic missile defenses; changes in the perception of the US's ability to intervene in international crises; & the ongoing domestic security debate. Several factors that would influence Pakistan's response are identified, eg, the PRC's & North Korea's respective responses; in addition, multiple possible reactions to US deployment of a national missile defense system are considered, eg, the creation of a regional alliance with China & perhaps India to ensure regional security. Several conclusions are reached, eg, a lack of sincere diplomacy by the US in renegotiating the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty could foster a multipolar nuclear global community. J. W. Parker

Compares two Islamic revivalist movements in South Asia, the Jamaat-i-Islami & the Tablighi Jamaat, with different strategies for Islamic revival. The emergence, growth, ideologies, & organization of each group & their bases of support are described. The highly organized, hierarchical Jamaat-i-Islami has more political goals, ie, establishing an Islamist state, while the apolitical Tablighi Jamaat seeks to reform & uplift the individual. The Jamaat-i-Islami is seen as a neofundamentalist movement with complementary political-ideological & cultural-religious elements & little electoral success. The Tablighi Jamaat is presented as a truly international Islamic movement that has mobilized large numbers of Muslims & better connected them to Islamic religious institutions & orthodox teachings. The impact of their contrasting positions on social, cultural, economic, & political issues faced by Muslims in South Asia is assessed. It is concluded that both movements have attempted to deal with the modern world by selecting pieces of the past to strengthen current Islam. 3 Tables, Bibliog. T. Arnold

The author discusses the three major objectives of U.S. Security policy in South Asia: (1) contain nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, East, & Central Asia; (2) prevent an India-Pakistan nuclear war; & (3) contain the roots of global transnational terrorism by eliminating terrorist havens in South Asia. In the discussion on nuclear proliferation, the author focuses on the Eisenhower administration's "Atoms for Peace" policy, the Carter administration's 'stick' approach of economic sanctions, & the Reagan's administration's use of a 'carrot' approach in the form of military & economic aid to Pakistan. The discussion of the India-Pakistan crises begins with the 1998 nuclear tests conducted by each country. Finally, the discussion on terrorism focuses on post 9/11 strategies to contain terrorism. J. Harwell

The question of whether political corruption hindered South Asian nations' attempts to modernize during the 1950s & 1960s is addressed. After introducing the notion of the "folklore of corruption," defined as public opinion's beliefs about corruption, it is contended that South Asian nations have struggled against political corruption as evidenced in the folklore of corruption & the emergence of anticorruption campaigns. Assessments about the extent of corruption, the conditions that promote corrupt behavior, & the necessity of political corruption to achieve economic development in various South Asian nations are made. Additional attention is dedicated to examining the causes of political corruption in the region, eg, the tendency for officials to exploit their offices for private gain & the emergence of more opportunities to perform corrupt actions. J. W. Parker

The question of whether political corruption hindered South Asian nations' attempts to modernize during the 1950s & 1960s is addressed. After introducing the notion of the "folklore of corruption," defined as public opinion's beliefs about corruption, it is contended that South Asian nations have struggled against political corruption as evidenced in the folklore of corruption & the emergence of anticorruption campaigns. Assessments about the extent of corruption, the conditions that promote corrupt behavior, & the necessity of political corruption to achieve economic development in various South Asian nations are made. Additional attention is dedicated to examining the causes of political corruption in the region, eg, the tendency for officials to exploit their offices for private gain & the emergence of more opportunities to perform corrupt actions. J. W. Parker

Die Autorin zeigt in ihrem Aufsatz, dass die westlichen Vorstellungen von Demokratie und Repräsentation an den Hochschulen Indiens im Bereich von Gender und Politik eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Sie gibt einen Überblick über die Forschungsliteratur zu Geschlecht und Governance in Südasien und betont, dass die größten Hindernisse für die politische Partizipation von Frauen in diesem Kontinent in familiären Strukturen und der Bewertung des sozialen Status von Frauen liegen. In einer Region mit einer starken Demokratie (Indien) und mehreren Nationen mit Demokratisierungsprozessen (Pakistan, Bangladesch, Nepal und die Malediven), weist Südasien jedoch insgesamt eine der niedrigsten Frauenquoten in Parlamenten in der Welt auf. Die Kastenstruktur der Familien ist nach Meinung der Autorin aber nicht nur ein negativer, sondern auch ein positiver Faktor bei der Bereitschaft von Frauen, in die Politik zu gehen. Asien hatte in der Geschichte eine ungewöhnlich große Anzahl von leistungsstarken weiblichen Führungskräften als Staats- und Regierungschefs und Frauen, die Töchter, Ehefrauen oder Witwen von einflussreichen Politikern sind, engagieren sich oft in der Politik, um die Familiendynastie zu verlängern. Dennoch kann eine große Kluft zwischen Politikerinnen auf der höchsten Führungsebene und auf der niedrigsten lokalen Ebene festgestellt werden. Die Autorin diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund die Möglichkeiten von Quotenregelungen, um die politische Situation von Frauen in Südasien zu verbessern. (ICI).

Examination of Indian nationalism & nationalist movements demonstrates the relevance of modernity to nationalism & the notion that nations are political constructions rather than naturally occurring communities. Apparent are the links between some forms of Indian nationalism & the cultural themes of modernity & the displacement of a pan-Indian consciousness by the advent of a slew of disparate & competing "internal" nationalisms that were constructed & reconstructed according to changing political exigencies. Focus is on Indian nationalism in the form of an anticolonial independence movement against GB & an internal Indian nationalism in a postcolonial state: 1980s Khalistani nationalism. In addition, the closely related themes of diaspora & transnational communities are considered. In this light, with respect to the anticolonial independence movement, the impact on Indians living in GB is explored to illustrate their active involvement. With respect to postcolonial Indian nationalism, emphasized are the shifts & allegiances that took place in the Sikh communities of India & GB. Issues underpinning the "politics of the homeland" in transnational Indian communities are touched on in conclusion. 30 References. J. Zendejas

Examination of Indian nationalism & nationalist movements demonstrates the relevance of modernity to nationalism & the notion that nations are political constructions rather than naturally occurring communities. Apparent are the links between some forms of Indian nationalism & the cultural themes of modernity & the displacement of a pan-Indian consciousness by the advent of a slew of disparate & competing "internal" nationalisms that were constructed & reconstructed according to changing political exigencies. Focus is on Indian nationalism in the form of an anticolonial independence movement against GB & an internal Indian nationalism in a postcolonial state: 1980s Khalistani nationalism. In addition, the closely related themes of diaspora & transnational communities are considered. In this light, with respect to the anticolonial independence movement, the impact on Indians living in GB is explored to illustrate their active involvement. With respect to postcolonial Indian nationalism, emphasized are the shifts & allegiances that took place in the Sikh communities of India & GB. Issues underpinning the "politics of the homeland" in transnational Indian communities are touched on in conclusion. 30 References. J. Zendejas

Argues that most historical accounts of the political economies of South Asia & Europe during 1200-1500 A.D. fail to consider the long-term impact on social change of social structures & historical developments in both regions. Contrary to many narratives, South Asian trade was not restricted to regional markets but included a wide variety of luxury commodities from many places. The impact of long-distance trade on South Asia is examined to point out the gradual transition from forced to paid labor; worker specialization; a flourishing urban economy; & technological advancement that often exceeded that in contemporary Europe. One difficulty faced by European merchants in the early modern period was that the South Asia people were not interested in the commodities being offered to them. The lack of political/military power & the failure of a unified empire in South Asia are discussed, along with the impact of the growing power of merchants & the financial windfall resulting from overseas colonial conquests in Europe. Suggestions are made for needed revisions in Eurocentric writing. References. J. Lindroth