Suchergebnisse

Язык османских турок – основной источник лексических заимствований в языки южных славян, причем в старотурецком языке был значителен пласт лексем иностранного происхождения (арабизмов, персизмов), поэтому он стал проводником слов арабского и персидского генезиса в принимающие языки. При семантической адаптации в языке-реципиенте могут быть расширение или сужение значения лексемы по сравнению с языком-источником. Влияние османской культуры на национальные кухни народов Балкан в сфере гастрономии велико. В статье рассмотрены устаревшие и активно употребляющиеся в наши дни в некоторых регионах Южной Славии фразеологические единицы с компонентом ориентального происхождения чорба. Цель статьи – показать фразеологический потенциал этой лексической единицы у болгар, боснийцев, македонцев, сербов и хорватов, выявить тождественное и специфическое в корпусах фразеологии разных народов Балканского полуострова, а также ареальную проекцию фразеологических единиц с компонентом чорба или отсутствие таковой. Материал для анализа выписан из разных фразеологических словарей и интернет-источников. Полученные результаты позволяют прийти к выводу о том, что проанализированный фразеоматериал иллюстрируют межъязыковую общность мотивационных идей и в то же время специфичное, выявляемое на уровне образности фразеологизма.
The language of the Ottoman Turks is the main source of lexical borrowings into the languages of the Southern Slavs, and in the old Turkish language there was a significant layer of lexemes of foreign origin (Arabisms, Persisms), so it became a conductor of words of Arabic and Persian genesis in the host languages. Semantic adaptation in the recipient language may result in the expansion or narrowing of the meaning of the lexeme in comparison with the source language. The influence of the Ottoman culture on the national cuisines of the peoples of the Balkans in the field of gastronomy is great. The article considers obsolete and actively used nowadays in some regions of South Slavia phraseological units with a component of oriental origin chorba. The purpose of the article is to show the phraseological potential of this lexical unit among Bulgarians, Bosnians, Macedonians, Serbs and Croats, to identify the identical and specific in the phraseology bodies of different peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, as well as the areal projection of phraseological units with the chorbacomponent or lack thereof. The material for the analysis was taken from various phraseological dictionaries and Internet sources. The results obtained allow us to come to the conclusion that the analyzed phraseomaterial illustrates the interlanguage community of motivational ideas and at the same time specific, revealed at the level of imagery of phraseological unit.

Between the end of the 1830s and the beginning of the 1860s, the condition of the Southern Slavs was thoroughly analysed by Giuseppe Mazzini, who strongly believed in a necessary and close connection between the aspiration for unity and independence of peoples subject to foreign domination and the founding principle of nationality. Mazzini's ideas, which originated from his general pro-European vision and, in particular, from his specific interest in the history and expression of the individual Southern Slavic cultures, focused, especially in the 1850s, on the role of the Russian Empire. This paper aims to compare, as far as the Southern Slavic question is concerned, Mazzini's political vision, with reference to his writings, in particular the "Slavic Letters" with the debate animated by Russian Panslavism through the writings by contemporary Russian historians, such as Aleksandr Pypin and Michail Pogodin.

As the South Slavic oral epic originated in a primary oral culture – a culture that is unaffected by literacy – and as it is composed through repertorial formulas and themes, it may find itself subject to misunderstanding by literary minds, particularly through accusations of mechanical composition. This paper aims to argue that an idea of "fixity," with regards to the South Slavic oral epic's formulas and themes, is flawed when one considers the culture from whence it came. I examine the necessity of formulaic repetition in the South Slavic oral culture of the 1930s-1950s, arguing that, without literacy and the possibility of record making, repetition was the only method through which their history and culture could be preserved.
Drawing from Albert Lord's study of the South Slavic oral epic, this paper establishes that while still existing in a primary oral culture, South Slavic poets interiorize formulas and themes until they are synonymous with reflexive speech. In order to demonstrate this, this paper explores the way in which a South Slavic boy learns to perform. I examine John Miles Foley's delineation of the South Slavic decameter, which the South Slavic boy must learn as the foundation of all future lines of verse. I also demonstrate the efficiency of this foundation by studying substitution systems in epic verse; the mastery of substitution results in an instantaneous composition of song that is only possible through the interiorization of its elements.
This paper then considers the term homeostasis, which in the case of this verse, refers to the obsolescence of irrelevant cultural matter. Using a case study, I analyze a singer's substitution of obsolete themes and formulas with ones of then-contemporary relevance, arguing that the formulas easily adapt to change. The South Slavic oral epic is thus not mechanical, but a naturalized art form.

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Text and introductory remarks of a proposal to structure Yugoslavia as a federation of sovereign states; drawn up by the presidencies of the Republics of Croatia and Slovenia, Oct. 4, 1990.