Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article empirically investigates rural, small‐scale household farming in post‐Soviet southern Ukraine, focusing on a particular group of households that have managed to intensify their production beyond subsistence without help from large farms. Large‐farm support for small‐scale household agricultural production in the former Soviet Union is generally considered necessary for small‐scale household farming, so the absence of this support is noteworthy. The conditions of this intensification are explored and mapped out. Further, this intensification is related to discussions in the peasant study literature on the general viability of intensive smallholder production. While the investigated farms do present some sustainability concerns, this paper concludes that this production is not less viable than large‐scale agricultural production. The main future challenge is how upcoming agrarian reforms will affect smallholders, particularly with respect to formalising informal resource use.

Ukraine's latest bridge strikes will disrupt Russia's supply lines but may not be enough to cripple Russian logistics.
The post Kyiv Strikes Bridges Supporting Russian Forces in Southern Ukraine first appeared on FDD's Long War Journal.

The purpose of the article is to periodize the study of interstate relations and the course of events in eastern and southern Ukraine in the period: 1991-2015. The historical and comparative-legal method was used to solve the problem posed. The article analyzes the events in eastern and southern Ukraine during 1991-2015, taking into account Russia's influence on social and political processes in post-Soviet Ukraine through the process of forming Ukraine's international subjectivity, which are permanent factors in bilateral relations with the Russian Federation. In this context, Russia's inability to recognize Ukraine as a full-fledged international actor at the legal and substantive level is demonstrated. It is concluded that the events in Ukraine not only provoked the strongest confrontation between the two largest states of the post-Soviet space, but also exposed a number of problems throughout the international security system. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine was accompanied by numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity. The competent state authorities must calculate the amount of material and moral damage caused by Russia.

The article analyzes life in the occupation of the population of Southern Ukraine from the standpoint of sociology of everyday life. The author examines everyday reality by integrating the theoretical approaches of A. Schütz, T. Berger and P. Lukman, as well as the ethnomethodology of H. Garfinkel. At the centre of the researcher's attention are the problems of social divisions in the de-occupied territories of Southern Ukraine. Based on empirical data obtained in conducting in-depth interviews with residents of the liberated districts of the Kherson region, the researcher characterizes the images of everyday life through which people perceive the beginning of the large-scale Russian invasion, life under occupation and the return of the Ukrainian army. It is noted that with the arrival of the enemy, the surrounding world turns from a close and understandable one into a foreign and dangerous one, the available everyday knowledge loses its relevance, the disruption of the usual way of life is characterized by a powerful emotional outburst and the collapse of social activity. The construction of strategies for survival under new conditions and the creation of accessible knowledge of military times begins. The new subjective reality is perceived through visual and acoustic images – explosions, the roar of military equipment, foreigners in green camouflage, the alarming barking of dogs, constant and all-encompassing fear. At the same time, there is a narrowing of social space (a tightly closed gate), violations by the occupiers of the boundaries of public and private (searches day and night), the return of archaic social practices (extortion on the roads), the emergence of new forms of social adaptation (the "two mobile" rule), powerful mechanisms are at work in the economic robbery of seized lands ("scissor prices" for local agricultural products and imported goods). The key characteristic of the post-occupation picture of the life world is the awareness that the war will continue for a long time and it is time to build one's life in a new way. At the same time, it is noted that the inability of the authorities to bring numerous collaborators to justice harms the stabilization of the situation in the region.

This volume contains the majority of the papers presented during a conference that took place on 16th-21st May, 1997 in Łódź, Poland. The conference was organized by the Institute of Archaeology, University of Łódź and Département d'anthropologie, Université de Montreal (Canada). The conference was funded by the University of Łódź and by IREX (International Research & Exchanges Board), which also supported this publication. The publication was partly founded by the University of Łódź and by the Foundation of Adam Mickiewicz University, too. The major questions of the conference were, 1) what is the current evidence for eastern or southern influences in the development of eastern European Mesolithic and Neolithic populations, and 2) to what extent are current political trends, especially the reassertion or, in some cases, the creation of ethnic and national identities, influencing our interpretations of the prehistoric data. The idea for such a conference came into being through the co-organizers' long-term studies of the development of those prehistoric human populations which inhabited the vast region stretching north and east from the Oder river and Carpathian Mountains to the foothills of the Urals. In a tradition established in modern times by Gordon Childe, virtually all of the transformations of Eastern Europe's Neolithic Age human landscape have been assumed to be responses to prior developments in the Balkan peninsula and Danube basin. We think that a body of new evidence requires a renewed analysis of the distributions of cultural products, peoples, and ideas across Eastern Europe during the Mesolithic through the Early Metal Age within a much wider geographic context than previously has been the case. This includes giving adequate attention to the far-ranging interactions of communities between the Pontic and Baltic area with those located in both the Caucasus and the Aralo-Caspian regions. We hope that this volume will contribute to such a redirection of future analyses.