Suchergebnisse

La memoria recobrada : huellas en la historia de los Estados Unidos = Memory regained : traces in the history of the United States = Oroitzapen berreskuratua : aztarnak Estatus Batuen historian / José Manuel Guerrero Acosta -- Ministros con el rey : la plenitud del Despotismo Ilustrado = "The ministers with the king" : the heyay of Enlightened Despotism = Ministroak erregearekin : Despotismo Ilustratuaren gailurra / José Luis Gómez Urdáñez -- La diplomacia de Carlos III : la rebelión de las colonias inglesas y la Paz de París (1773-1783) = The diplomacy of Charles III : the rebellion of the English colonies and the Paris Peace Treaty (1773-1783) = Karlos III.aren diplomazia : kolonia ingelesen matxinada eta Parisko bakea (1773-1783) / Eduardo Garrigues López-Chicheri -- Diego María de Gardoqui, testigo de la primera ceremonia inaugural del presidente de los Estados Unidos = Diego María de Gardoqui, present at the swearing-in of the first president of the United States = Diego María de Gardoqui lekuko izan zen Estatus Batuetako lehen presidentea izendatzeko zeremonian -- Ilustrado, comerciante y diplomático : la dimensión histórica de Diego de Gardoqui en la independencia de los Estados Unidos = Enlightenment figure, trader and diplomat, the historical contribution of Diego de Gardoqui to the independence of the United States = Ilustratua, merkataria eta deplomazialaria : Diego de Gardoquiren dimentsio historikoa Estatu Batuen independentzian / Begoña Cava Mesa -- España y la independencia de las Trece Colonias americanas = Spain and the independence of the thirteen American colonies = Espainia eta hamahiru kolonia amerikarren independentzia / Martha Gutiérrez-Steinkamp -- Vascos del siglo XVIII en el Oeste norteamericano = Eighteenth century Basques in the American North-West = XVIII. mendeko euskaldunak Estatu Batuetako mendebaldean / Luis Laorden Jiménez -- Bernardo de Gálvez (1746-1786) : un líder en una época revolucionaria = Bernardo de Gálvez (1746-1786) : leader in a revolutionary age = Bernardo de Gálvez (1746-1786) : aro iraultzaile bateko liderra / Agustín Guimerá Ravina --

Due to the different and mutually incompatible interpretations of Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, there is still an ongoing dispute between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Spain on the question of the sovereignty of Gibraltar. In the United Kingdom's view, which is largely shared by legal scholars, Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht grants full and entire sovereignty over Gibraltar to the UK. Meanwhile, the Kingdom of Spain argues that Article X yielded to the crown of Great Britain only the property of Gibraltar's castle, town and port. Sovereignty over Gibraltar, however, continued to be retained by the Spanish state. In spite of their disagreement, both states started negotiating a form of condominium at the beginning of the 21st century. In the end, they failed to achieve this goal, which seems to be incompatible with the UN General Assembly resolutions on the decolonization of Gibraltar. The people of Gibraltar, who are the third actor in the Spanish-British dispute, claim their own sovereignty and their right to self-determination. However, according to the UN General Assembly, the decolonization of Gibraltar requires as a precondition that the Kingdom of Spain and the UK solve their dispute on the question of sovereignty. Otherwise the decolonization of Gibraltar cannot occur. Both the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Spain are European Union members but their inter-state dispute under international law cannot be solved within the EU context. Thus, three hundred years after the signature of the Treaty of Utrecht, the future of Gibraltar remains completely unclear. Adapted from the source document.

The text is focused on the analysis of the position of the transitional regimes affiliated to the accession of ten new member states, which is to take place in May 2004, & its impact on the flexibility within the European Union. The text covers the historical development of the phenomenon of transitional measures, overview of the transitional measures negotiated in the current wave of enlargement & specifics of the Czech Republic in the whole process. In the historical perspective, the current transitional periods are to be compared primarily with the transitional regimes in the EU enlargements in the I980s, in particular with the accession of Spain & Portugal. Typical elements of present transitional periods are the application of the transitional periods in the very essential areas of the European integration, such as agriculture, free movement of workers & free movement of capital. Free movement of goods, in contrast, is influenced in a rather limited way. The transitional periods are internally diversified, both into internal temporal blocks followed by review of the suitability of their continuation & their application only in relation to several old member states. Specific transitional regime is the three-year-long period of enhanced regulatory powers of the European Commission in the area of internal market, & Commission's sanction powers against new member states so as to prevent the non-application of acquis in the area of the internal market & judicial cooperation. Those "horizontal" transitional periods will have -- albeit temporarily -- significant impact on the growth of the flexibility in the European Union. References. Adapted from the source document.

The study analyzes the formal powers of current European monarchs, and examines their actual use. We investigate the royal prerogatives of monarchs from ten European nations: Belgium, Denmark, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The text deals with four powers - legislative initiative, royal assent/veto, selection/appointment of the prime minister and dissolution of parliament. The constitutional power is described first; its real use in the period of 1990-2012 is then examined. At the end, a comparison of every single prerogative is carried out, conclusions about the actual position of monarchs in current European political systems are drawn, and a tentative answer to questions concerning the future of kings, princes, and grand dukes serving as heads of state in European countries is suggested. Adapted from the source document.