Suchergebnisse

The Berlin Workshop Series 2009 presents selected papers from meetings held from September 30 - October 2, 2007, at the 10th Annual Forum co-hosted by InWEnt and the World Bank in preparation for the Bank's World Development Report. At the 2007 meetings, key researchers and policy makers from Europe, the United States, and developing countries met to identify and brainstorm on agriculture the development challenges and successes that are later examined in-depth in the World Development Report 2009.This volume presents papers from the Berlin Workshop sessions on issues relating to Understanding

The purpose of this study is to analyze the conditions and change of spatial inequality of South Korea according to the spatial policy. For this, this study will characteristics of the spatial policies by Korean government for 20 years (1995~2014), and will analyze what effect the spatial policy had on the spatial inequality of South Korea. South Korea¡¯s spatial inequality is very severe in the world. For example, concentration of Seoul, Korea is much higher than London, England, Tokyo, Japan and Paris, France. Therefore, South Korea¡¯s top priority for sustainable development is to solve concentration to capital region and spatial inequality. However, South Korea has pushed forward alternately the growth policy and balance policy for 20 years. Spatial policy of South Korea had been carried forward by the growth policy till 1998, but it changed to the balance policy between 1998~2007. Since 2008, it has been being pushed forward by the growth policy again. As a result, spatial inequality of South Korea somewhat eased off between 2000~2005, but it rather has shown a tendency of being expanded since. Particularly, the spatial inequality is broadening in population, economic, industry, finance and the powers sectors. In addition, infrastructure, health and welfare, education sectors, whose spatial inequality is relatively low, the spatial inequality is being expanded.

Spatial disparities are a measure of the unequal distribution of income, wealth, power and resources between peoples in different locations. As a dimension of overall inequality, spatial disparities have added signifi cance when combined with regional divisions and political and ethnic tensions that can undermine social and political stability. The accurate measure-ment of spatial disparities and the analysis of their causes and consequences are therefore of particular importance.This book focuses on issues of poverty and inequality that are directly related to the Millennium Development Goals

Spatial disparities are a measure of the unequal distribution of income, wealth, power and resources between peoples in different locations. As a dimension of overall inequality, spatial disparities have added signifi cance when combined with regional divisions and political and ethnic tensions that can undermine social and political stability. The accurate measure-ment of spatial disparities and the analysis of their causes and consequences are therefore of particular importance. This book focuses on issues of poverty and inequality that are directly related to the Millennium Development Goals.

Intra-country regional disparities and centre-region relations are important issues in developing East Asian countries. Most governments are experimenting with decentralisation initiatives, some of which are quite radical. There is disaffection towards centralised capital city control in several countries, most notably in Indonesia, where the possibility of further territorial fragmentation cannot be discounted. Rapid economic growth is inevitably uneven in its sub-national impacts. Some regions-usually those with better connections to the international economy-grow faster than others. In the wake of the 1997/98 economic crisis, fiscally constrained governments find it increasingly difficult to finance fiscal equalisation mechanisms and other measures designed to assist poor regions. Paradoxically, as international boundaries become increasingly porous and blurred, regional identities and aspirations are more sharply defined.

Intra-country regional disparities and centre-region relations are important issues in developing East Asian countries. Most governments are experimenting with decentralisation initiatives, some of which are quite radical. There is disaffection towards centralised capital city control in several countries, most notably in Indonesia, where the possibility of further territorial fragmentation cannot be discounted. Rapid economic growth is inevitably uneven in its sub-national impacts. Some regions-usually those with better connections to the international economy-grow faster than others. In the wake of the 1997/98 economic crisis, fiscally constrained governments find it increasingly difficult to finance fiscal equalisation mechanisms and other measures designed to assist poor regions. Paradoxically, as international boundaries become increasingly porous and blurred, regional identities and aspirations are more sharply defined.

Rising spatial disparities in socioeconomic development is a
major concern in developing economies. Regional inequality is a
dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when
spatial and regional divisions align with political and ethnic tensions
to undermine social and political stability. This paper is an attempt to
document the extent and nature of regional inequality in the level of
socioeconomic development. Seventeen indicators related to human
resources and standards of living are developed from the district
representative household data of Pakistan Social and Living-Standard
Measurement (PSLM) survey for the year 2012-13. Development Indicators,
for the first time in Pakistan are also aggregated at sub-district level
to incorporate the intra-district inequalities in the analysis of
spatial disparities. The study provides provincial multidimensional Gini
coefficients and district development ranking to evaluate inter and
intra provincial disparities respectively in the selected dimensions of
socioeconomic development with the help of Inequality-adjusted
Socioeconomic Development Index (ISDI). JEL Classification: D63, I31
Keywords: Multidimensional Inequality, Inequality Adjusted Socioeconomic
Development Index, Development Ranking, Pakistan

This paper examines the territorial imbalances in European agriculture during
the period 1980-2001, by means of the information provided by various methodological
instruments which allow us to overcome the drawbacks of conventional convergence
analysis. The results obtained reveal that the regional distribution of productivity
in the agricultural sector is characterized by the presence of positive spatial
dependence. This fact implies that the European regions in close spatial proximity
register similar levels of the variable under study, which highlights the relevance of
geographical location in this context. The empirical evidence presented also shows
that regional disparities have remained almost constant during the time interval
considered. However, the increase in density around the European average explains
the observed reduction in the degree of bipolarization, while intra-distribution mobility
is relatively limited. Finally, the analysis carried out allows us to assess the
role of variables such as country of origin, investment per worker in the agricultural
sector, regional per capita income or the size of the agrifood industry, in explaining
the dynamics of the distribution under analysis.

Spatial disparities in income levels and worklessness in the European Union are profound, persistent and may be widening. We describe disparities across metropolitan regions and discuss theories and empirical evidence that help us understand what causes these disparities. Increases in the productivity benefits of cities, the clustering of highly educated workers and increases in their wage premium all play a role. Europe has a long-standing tradition of using capital subsidies, enterprise zones, transport investments and other place-based policies to address these disparities. The evidence suggests these policies may have partially offset increasing disparities but are not sufficient to fully offset the economic forces at work.