Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Title Page -- Section One -- Introduction -- Inventing Specialization -- Generalist Agencies Versus Specialist Agencies -- Why Doesn't the Old Way Work Anymore? -- Why Does Specialization Work? -- Is It Really Worth the Trouble? -- Section Two: Beginning the Transformation -- Exercise One: -- Diagramming the Present and Imagining the Future -- Preparing for Success -- Exercise Two: -- Which Specialists Should You Develop First? -- Where Will Specialization Take You? -- Section Three: Planning the Change -- Exercise Three: -- Planning the Next Twelve Months -- Communicating the Changes -- Exercise Four:: Communicating the Changes to Your Employees -- Exercise Five:: Communicating the Changes To Your Clients -- Section Four -- Dive In and Make the Change -- Get Your First Specialist Up and Running -- How Do You Know When to Hire the Next Specialist? -- Continuing the Transformation.

This paper presents a theory of institutional specialization in which some countries uphold the rule of law while others choose extractive institutions, even though they are ex-ante identical.This is borne out of two key insights: for incumbents in each country, (i) the first steps to the rule of law are more costly; and (ii) the rule of law is more attractive when other countries have extractive institutions. The world equilibrium features a symbiotic relationship between countries with opposite institutions. Using the transition from sail to steam-powered vessels in the nineteenth century, we find empirical evidence consistent with the model.

A comment on Andrew Bennett, Ahron Barth, & Kenneth R. Rutherford's & Peregrine Schwartz-Shea's articles on methodological trends in political science instruction & scholarship (both, 2003) argues that specialization in graduate training & methodological focus in journals are required for methodological diversity in the discipline. Training for pluralistic ends would result in either a lack of true understanding of any methods or be too demanding on students' time. Further, requiring journals to represent all methods might interfere with communication in the field. Why the American Political Science Review underrepresents methodologies is considered in closing. 1 Photograph, 5 References. J. Zendejas

This book deals with the dynamics of international specializations during the present period of trade globalization. It discusses international trade as a network linking countries, and uses structural techniques to analyze the evolving structure of this network. It offers a new approach to address the economic emergence of countries. Using these structural methods, the book also explains knowledge exchange. Indeed, the structure transformation of the international trade is partly due to an exchange of competencies between regions. Many concrete examples are proposed. There are very few recent books that propose methodological overviews on the use of structural techniques to study the dynamics of international trade. Moreover, very few contributions exist which link international trade in both products and technological knowledge perspectives. From a historical point of view, it is now time to take stock of the cognitive determinants of the economic development of countries.--