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Global civil society and the society of democratic states are the two most inclusive and powerful global practices of our time. In this book Frost claims that, without an understanding of the role that individual human rights play in these practices, no adequate understanding of any major feature of contemporary world politics from 'globalization' to 'new wars' is possible. Therefore, Constituting Human Rights argues that a concern with human rights is essential to the study of international relations. Global civil society comprises those millions of people worldwide who claim first generation rights for themselves. By doing so they constitute one another as civilians. The language of rights used in this practice indicates that it is a practice that is open to all and without borders. Strikingly, the validity of claims made in it are not conceptually linked to any specific legal system or sovereign state. Within democratic states, however, the participants constitute one another as holders of citizenship rights, as people with a right to participate in self-government.; Frost holds that the rights claims made in this practice are only real insofar as they build on the civilian rights of the earlier practice. An understanding of the centrality of rights claims and the practices in which they are located provides a much needed guide to all of us concerned to understand contemporary international relations and concerned about ethical conduct in world affairs. This exercise in constitutive theory puts forward a powerful tool with which to tackle some of the pressing ethical issues of our time such as those to do with refugees, asylum seekers, new wars, secessionist movements, international labour practices and many more.

Times of crisis expose how we experience social, physical, and emotional forms of distance. Alone with Others explores how these experiences overlap, shaping our coexistence. Departing from conventional debates that associate intimacy with affection and distance with alienation, Haustein introduces tact as a particular mode of feeling one's way and making space in the sphere of human interaction. Reconstructing tact's conceptual history from the late eighteenth century to the present, she then focuses on three specific periods of socio-political upheaval: the two World Wars, and 1968. In five reading encounters with Marcel Proust, Helmuth Plessner, Theodor Adorno, François Truffaut, and Roland Barthes, Haustein invites us to reconsider our own ways of engaging with other people, images, and texts, and to gauge the significance of tact today. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.

Since ancient times, humanity has put its collective wisdom toward the effort of achieving peace in the world. And yet, wars nonetheless occur over and over again. Why does the crisis of war never go away? Is it possible to realize peace in the world? First published in 1966, this introductory text on international politics by eminent Japanese political scientist Kōsaka Masataka (1934–1996) has gone through more than 50 printings in his home country and remains in print today. In this work, framed by his interest in the problems of war and of peace, Kōsaka eschewed simply schematizing or idealizing international relations, let alone—as prewar Japanese diplomats and politicians had—giving up on developing an accurate understanding of the issue by simply dismissing it as too complex to understand. Kōsaka drew on the specific cases of arms reduction, economic exchange, and international mechanisms to analyze ongoing issues that are intertwined with national interests and ideologies. By doing so, he painted a systematic portrait of the problem of peace and how to achieve it.

"Despite notable socio-economic development in the Arab region, a deficit in democracy and political rights has continued to prevail. This book examines the major reasons underlying the persistence of this democracy deficit over the past decades and touches on the prospects for deepening the process of democratization in the Arab World. Contributions from major scholars in the region give a cross country analysis of economic development, political institutions and social factors, and the impact of oil wealth and regional wars, and present a model for democracy in the Arab world. Case studies are drawn from Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Sudan and the Gulf region, building on these cross-country analyses and probing beyond the modelʹs main global variables. Looking beyond the effect of oil and conflicts, the chapters illustrate how specific socio-political history of the country concerned, fear of fundamentalist groups, collusion with foreign powers and foreign interventions, and the co-option of the elites by the state contribute to these problems of democratization"--Provided by publisher.

"This collection reaches beyond fake news and propaganda, beyond misinformation and charismatic liars, to explore the lesser-publicized cultural forms and practices that serve as a cultural infrastructure for post-truth society and politics. Situating post-truth in specific contexts as a site of contestation or crisis, the book critically explores it as a dynamic and shifting site around which political and cultural practices in specific contexts revolve and overlap. Through a breadth of perspectives, the volume considers a number of overlapping cultural and political developments across varying national and transnational contexts: changing technologies and practices of cultural production that sometimes shift and at other times reproduce authority of traditional institutional truth-tellers; seismic cultural changes in representations, values and roles regarding gender, sexuality, race and historical memory about them, as well as corresponding reactionary discourses in the "culture wars"; questions of authenticity, honesty, and power relations that combine many of the former shifts within an all-encompassing culture of (self-) promotional, attentional capitalism. These considerations lead scholars to focus on corresponding shifting cultural dynamics of popular truth-telling and (dis-) trust-making that inform political culture. In this more global view, post-truth becomes foremost an influentially anxious public mood about the struggles to secure or undermine publicly accepted facts. This nuanced and insightful collection will interest scholars and students of communication studies, media and cultural studies, media ethics, journalism, media literacy, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and politics"--

For five years during World War II, Denmark was occupied by Germany. While the Danish reaction to this period of its history has been extensively discussed in Danish-language publications, it has not until now received a thorough treatment in English. Set in the context of modern Danish foreign relations, and tracing the country?s responses to successive crises and wars in the region, Danish Reactions to German Occupation brings a full overview of the occupation to an English-speaking audience. Holbraad carefully dissects the motivations and ideologies driving conduct during the occupation, and his authoritative coverage of the preceding century provides a crucial link to understanding the forces behind Danish foreign policy divisions.Analysing the conduct of a traumatised and strategically exposed small state bordering on an aggressive great power, the book traces a development from reluctant cooperation to active resistance. In doing so, Holbraad surveys and examines the subsequent, and not yet quite finished, debate among Danish historians about this contested period, which takes place between those siding with the resistance and those more inclined to justify limited cooperation with the occupiers ? and who sometimes even condone various acts of collaboration

Chapter One - Introduction -- Military Leadership and Organisational Culture -- Background -- Outline -- Scope and Case Studies -- Chapter Two - The Legacy of Imperial Policing -- Pre-World War One: Small Wars and Learning Leaders -- Sir Garnet Wolseley -- Lords Roberts and Kitchener -- Leaders and Doctrine -- The First World War and the Learning Cycle -- The Inter-War Years -- Amritsar, 1919 -- Ireland, 1919-1921 -- Inter-War Small Wars Doctrine -- The Palestine Mandate -- The Second World War and the Learning Cycle -- Burma and the Chindits -- Palestine, 1945-1947 -- Chapter Three - The Malayan Emergency, 1948-1960 -- Leadership Characteristics and Cultural Evolution -- The leaders' role in embedding and transmitting culture -- Phase One, 1948-50 -- Phase Two, 1950-52 -- Phase Three, 1952-54 -- Phase Four, 1954-60 -- Doctrine, Training, & the Institutionalisation of Learning -- Leadership & the Perpetuation of Culture in Malaya -- Charismatic Leadership -- Enabling Conditions -- Support Networks -- Continuity of Experience -- Chapter Four - Kenya and the Mau Mau Uprising, 1952-1956 -- Leadership Characteristics and Cultural Evolution -- The leaders' role in transmitting and embedding culture -- Phase One, October 1952-June 1953 -- Phase Two, June 1953-April 1954 -- Phase Three, April 1954-January 1955 -- Phase Four, January 1955-November 1956 -- Doctrine, Training, & the Institutionalisation of Learning -- Leadership and the Perpetuation of Culture in Kenya -- Charismatic Leadership -- Enabling Conditions -- Support Networks -- Continuity of Experience -- Appendix A: Erskine's Directive -- Chapter Five - Cyprus, 1955-1960 -- Leadership Characteristics and Cultural Evolution -- The leaders' role in transmitting and embedding culture -- Phase One, April 1955-October 1955 -- Phase Two, October 1955-November 1957 -- Phase Three, November 1957-August 1960 -- Doctrine, Training, & the Institutionalisation of Learning -- Leadership and the Perpetuation of Culture in Cyprus -- Charismatic Leadership -- Enabling Conditions -- Support Networks -- Continuity of Experience -- Chapter Six - Conclusion -- Findings -- Embedding and Transmitting Culture -- Charismatic Leadership -- Support -- Continuity of Experience -- Summary -- Short and Long Term Learning Cycles -- Long-Term Learning -- Short-Term, Campaign-Specific Learning -- Annex A: Timeline of Events -- Annex B: A Note on Conventional Warfare Thinking -- Annex C: Glossary of Terms -- Bibliography.

Terrorism, the use of military force in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria, and the fatal police shootings of unarmed persons have all contributed to renewed interest in the ethics of police and military use of lethal force. In this book the various moral justifications and responsibilities involved in the use of lethal force by police and military combatants are analyzed, relying on a distinctive normative teleological account of institutional roles. The resulting conception provides a novel theoretical alternative to prevailing reductive individualist and collectivist accounts. Police and military uses of lethal force are morally justified in part by recourse to fundamental natural moral rights and obligations, especially the right to personal self-defense and the moral obligation to defend the lives of innocent others. Yet the moral justification for police and military use of lethal force is to some extent role-specific. Police have an institutionally based moral duty to use lethal force to uphold the law, and military combatants have an institutionally based moral duty to use lethal force to win just wars. Two key notions in play are joint action and the natural right to self-defense. A relational individualist theory of joint actions is used to construct the notion of multilayered structures of joint action in order to explicate organizational action. A novel theory of justifiable killing in self-defense is also provided. Specific topics covered include: police shootings of armed offenders and suicide bombers; military necessity; targeted killing, autonomous weapons, humanitarian armed intervention, and civilian immunity.

It is estimated that of Syria's pre-war population, over half have been displaced from their homes, some having moved abroad and many remaining in the country despite the threats posed by civil war from Bashar Assad's government, ISIS, foreign intervention, and a proliferation of rebel groups and militias. Despite this, migration is just one option out of a broad set of potential self-protection strategies available to civilians, with other strategies including fighting, protesting, collaborating, or hiding. In this study, Justin Schon emphasises that civilian behaviour in conflict zones includes repertoires of survival strategies, instead of migration alone. Providing a microanalysis of civilian self-protection strategies during armed conflict in Syria, Schon draws on ten months of fieldwork in Turkey, Jordan, Kenya, and the United States, with over two hundred structured interviews with Syrian refugees. Exploring how civilians select specific survival strategies, their motives and opportunities, he reveals questions which have the potential to guide new research on civil wars, and affect how we think about other survival strategies, from political, violent, to environmental threa

In addition to the important breaking points of the last century - such as the abolition of the Caliphate, the World Wars, the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Iranian Revolution and the foundation of a 'New World Order' which directly affected Muslim societies - the new conjuncture formed in the wake of the 9/11 attacks brought about various structural problems and changes in the Muslim world. Political and economic developments in the last ten years in particular have brought many Muslim countries to the edge of crisis. Along with political, economic and social issues, the fact that modernisation and secularisation have become dominant in Muslim societies shows that the outcomes of these changes are of great importance. In this respect, this book offers a significant contribution to debates on the processes of change and transformation in the Muslim world. In addition to theoretical debates, the main dynamics of political and social change in Muslim societies are discussed here using specific examples from each country. As such, this volume will provide the reader with a practical understanding of the historical turning points in the Muslim world over recent years

Examining the history of nationalism's pervasive influence on modern politics and cultural identities, Lloyd Kramer discusses how nationalist ideas gained emotional and cultural power after the revolutionary upheavals in the late eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Nationalism in Europe and America analyzes the multiple historical contexts and intellectual themes that have shaped modern nationalist cultures, including the political claims for national sovereignty, the emergence of nationalist narratives in historical writing and literature, the fusion of nationalism and religion, and the overlapping conceptions of gender, families, race, and national identities. Kramer emphasizes the similarities in American and European nationalist thought, showing how European ideas about land, history, and national destiny flourished in the United States while American ideas about national independence and political rights reappeared among European nationalists and also influenced the rise of anticolonial nationalisms in twentieth-century Asia and Africa. By placing nationalist ideas and conflicts within the specific, cross-cultural framework of Atlantic history and extending his analysis to the twentieth-century world wars, Kramer offers readers a thoughtful perspective on nationalism's enduring political and cultural importance throughout the modern world.

Latina/o Social Ethics strives to create a liberative ethical approach to the Hispanic experience by using its own tools and materials. First explaining why Eurocentric ethical paradigms are inadequate in their attempts to liberate oppressed communities, Miguel De La Torre looks with Hispanic eyes at three major ethicists of the twentieth century--Walter Rauschenbusch, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Stanley Hauerwas--and how ethics is presented in U.S. culture wars, from the Religious Right to the Religious Left. He deconstructs these ethical paradigms and demonstrates why all are detrimental to and irreconcilable with the Hispanic social location. With a clean slate, De La Torre moves to constructing a new Hispanic-centered ethical paradigm that is rooted in the Latino community way of being. Reviewing the field of Hispanic ethical thought, De La Torre pays special attention to specific concepts ripe with potential that have been developed over the past generation. In the final chapter, De La Torre offers his own constructive paradigm--an ethics para joder, which is rooted in the Latina/o experience, and by which, he argues, the Hispanic community can survive within U.S. culture. --From publisher's description.

In this concise history of war, Jeremy Black ranges widely, giving due attention to non-western as well as western traditions. The history of war is inextricably bound to the history of the world. Through a detailed exploration of 'world-scale' issues of warfare, presented within a chronological framework that spans human history, Jeremy Black skilfully illustrates this fact whilst providing the reader with other astute insights and compelling interpretations of war. War: A Short History is a dramatic move away from the formulaic, western approach to military history. Too narrow in its focus on wars specific to the west and too simple because of an over-reliance on a technologically-deterministic reading of warfare, this approach has been rejected by Jeremy Black in favour of a global model that takes all factors into account when considering the strengths and weaknesses of a particular military tradition. This is a book that is as important for its relevance to current world issues of conflict as it is for its thorough consideration of a monumentally significant aspect of human history.

"This book explores the multifaceted dynamics between state and non-state actors in public policy during and after conflict in the Middle East and Africa. It offers case studies and policy-relevant ideas for conflict-affected areas to move forward in a more sustainable manner. Following the Arab Spring revolutions, civil wars have plagued the Middle East and North Africa region, along with other countries in Africa. The task of rebuilding peace and institutionalizing stability in conflict-affected countries or fragile states emerging from conflict is a daunting, uncertain, and context-specific task. Yet focusing on understanding conflicts in the Middle East and Africa offers an important view of the role of non-state actors during conflicts. These regions feature the highest numbers of inter- and intra-state conflicts, and the governments are more often contested than in the rest of the world. The volume proposes different cases addressing the fundamental challenge of inclusion and cohesion of non-state actors during conflicts. By providing a comprehensive exploration of diverse perspectives, it empowers readers to engage with the pressing issues facing these regions. This is a useful resource for students and researchers in public policy and governance studies, development studies and NGOs, and Middle East and African Studies"--

At the end of the 1970s, a new genre cycle was formed in US cinema. Starting with space opera in cinema, for which George Lucas' Star Wars is paradigmatic, fantasy established itself for the first time as an independent cinematic genre in distinction from fairy tales and fantastic fiction. The enthusiasm for pen & paper role-playing games and the continuing J. R. R. Tolkien craze culminated in the following years in a series of films that absorbed, pushed and further developed the diversity of modern film technology and production: the spectrum of films ranged from live-action films (Conan the Barbarian) to puppet animation (The Dark Crystal) to animated films (The Last Unicorn), in which George Lucas as well as Jim Henson and the production companies behind them at the time played leading roles. Contemporary critics had written these films off as conservative, sometimes even reactionary genre plays. In contrast, this essay unfolds a (historical) poetics of the US fantasy film. With its film-analytical case studies, the volume shows how the films of the years 1977 to 1987 are embedded in a specific film culture and how the genre cycle as part of the Hollywood system prepared and significantly influenced the triumph of blockbuster cinema in the 1990s.