Suchergebnisse

В статті розглянути політичні та правові вчення Спінози його основні концепції, способи раціонального пізнання природи та її сутності основи договірної теорії та її використання, закони нові підходи до проблем суспільства, держави та права. The article deals with political and legal doctrine of Spinoza its basic concepts, methods rational knowledge of the nature and essence of the contractual basis of the theory and its application, the laws of new approaches to social problems, and state law.

Review of Stetter, J., & Ramond, C. (Eds.). (2019). Spinoza in 21st-century American and French philosophy: metaphysics, philosophy of mind, moral and political philosophy. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ; Огляд книги Stetter, J., & Ramond, C. (Eds.). (2019). Spinoza in 21st-century American and French philosophy: metaphysics, philosophy of mind, moral and political philosophy. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

В статье проанализированы интерпретации проблемных аспектов философииБенедикта Спинозы. Рассмотрены стратегии интерпретации спинозизма в контекстеустановок эпохи модерна. Актуализированы политико-антропологические концептыфилософии Спинозы.Петренко Д.В. ФІЛОСОФІЯ БЕНЕДИКТА СПІНОЗИ В КОНТЕКСТІ МОДЕРНИХІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЙ В статті проаналізовані інтерпретації проблемних аспектів філософіїБенедикта Спінози. Розглянуто стратегії інтерпретації спінозізму в контекстінастанов епохи модерну. Актуалізовано політико-антропологічні концепти філософіїСпінози.Ключові слова: суб'єкт, модерн, афект, трансіндивідуальне, політичне.Prtrenko D.V. PHILOSOPHY OF BENEDICT SPINOZA IN THE CONTEXT OFMODERN INTERPRETATIONS The interpretations of the problematic aspects of the philosophyof Benedict Spinoza are analysed. The strategies in the context of the interpretation of Spinozisminstallations of modernity are considered. The political and anthropological concepts of Spinozaare actualized.Special attention is paid to Spinoza's theory of affects. The Spinoza's affects theory isconsidered in political and anthropological contexts. The historical and philosophical study ofthe transindividual concept origins is conducted.The Spinoza's concepts are interpreted in the context of a confrontation to the centralsettings of the modern era. Spinoza is analyzed as a theorist of alternative modernity inanthropology and political concepts. The Spinoza's political theory is considered as a relevantcontemporary line of confrontation to the representational political concepts. The strategies ofsubjectivism anthropological models overcome are designated.Key words: subject, modern, affect, transindividual, political.

У статті розглядаються філософсько-правові концепції виникнення та розвитку правової держави в історії філософської думки. Робиться висновок, що в Україні збільшується впевненість у необхідності цього дослідження і реалізації цієї концепції на практиці. Конституція України забезпечує новий етап розвитку вчень про правову державу в Україні. ; The article considers the philosophical-legal concepts of the origin and development of law in the history of philosophical thought. It is concluded that in Ukraine increased confidence in the need for the study and implementation of this concept in practice. The Constitution provides a new stage of development of doctrines of legal state in Ukraine.The idea of a lawful state have arisen in Antiquity. Even the ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his famous dialogues «State», «Politician», «Laws» and the like wrote «I see close destruction of that state where the law has no force and is under someone's power». Accordingly, where the laws are in the interests of a few people, we are not talking about a state system, but only about internal disputes.A theory that inevitably comes, according to Plato, to replace democracy, «intoxicated» freedom is unwavering», when too much freedom turns into excessive slavery is the worst form of government. Where the reign of lawlessness, arbitrariness and violence. «Just there», said the Plato, where the law – the Lord over governors, and they are his slaves, I see the salvation of the state and all the benefits, which can only give the state the gods».Similar ideas, which laid the Foundation of the theory of the legal state, has developed Aristotle, Cicero, the philosophers of the middle Ages, and modern times. A special role in the development of the doctrine of the rule of law applies to the Grotius, Hobbes, D. Diderot, Montesquieu, T. Jefferson, J. Locke and others.One of the first who gave theoretical justification of a democratic state Would. Spinoza. Being bound by laws, the state provides a valid rights and freedoms of man. Spinoza argued that the state is powerful only when it guarantees to every citizen not only save lives, but also the satisfaction of its interests, and warned rulers against encroachments on the property, security, honour, freedom and other good subjects.With a philosophical basis for the theory of the legal state were made by Kant, who repeatedly pointed to the need for the state to rely on the law, to strictly coordinate its actions with the law constantly focus on the right. Hegel argued for this reason that such States precede the development of civil society.The concept of legal state adhered to by the supporters of legal positivism. Of great importance for the improvement of the theory of the legal state are the works of domestic authors. (О. P. Zayets, O. V. Skrypniuk, R. F. Grinyuk, I. Gumenyuk, S. I. Maksymov, M. Tsymbalyuk, etc.). But these studies are insufficient, especially because longstanding traditions of the legal state of Ukraine has not yet acquired. In Ukraine there is no tradition of a lawful state, however, the proclamation of her like this. ; В статье рассматриваются философско-правовые концепции возникновения и развития правового государства в истории философской мысли. Делается вывод, что в Украине возрастает уверенность в необходимости этого исследования и реализации этой концепции на практике. Конституция Украины обеспечивает новый этап развития учения о правовом государстве в Украине.

Розкрито основні віхи еволюції концепту «криза» в політичній думці Західної Європи та США. Приділено увагу стародавнім та сучасним концепціям кризи. Проаналізовано сучасні праці, присвячені концептуалізації поняття кризи, виробленню методології її дослідження, а також еволюції наукової рефлексії щодо даної проблематики. ; The main periods of crisis conceptualization in Western political thought are separated. The author describes three periods: pre-scientific (since ancient times till the middle of the 19th century), interdisciplinary and political. The first philosophers who studied crises in political life were Plato and Aristotle, their ideas were adopted by Thomas More, Niccolo Machiavelli, Benedict Spinoza and others.During the interdisciplinary period the research of political crises moved from philosophic to scientific sphere. Most authors tried to give theoretic explanations of political and economic crises.Scientific and philosophic interpretation of crises was often determined by ideological and political factors.According to Karl Marx, the working class should grow in numbers and develop class consciousness, in time realizing that they have to and can change the system. Marx believed that if the proletariat were to seize the means of production, they would encourage social relations that would benefit everyone equally, abolishing exploiting class, and introduce a system of production less vulnerable to cyclical crises. Unlike him, Herbert Spencer considered crisis as an important feature of social and political development, but rejected violence in resolving conflicts.In modern political science different methods are used. Gabriel Almond and Talcott Parsons used system approach, Ilya Prigogine developed a synergetic one for political crises research. In the last few decades political crises have been studied not only in Western countries, but also in post-Socialist ones. The Polish scientist Piotr Sztompka explains the factors and consequences of crises and revolutions ; Раскрыты основные вехи эволюции понятия «кризис» в политической мысли Западной Европы и США. Уделено внимание как древним, так и современным концепциям кризиса.Проанализированы современные работы, посвященные концептуализации понятия кризиса, разработке методологии его исследования и эволюции научной рефлексии относительно данной проблематики

Throughout the course of the 16th – 17th centuries, a new epoch begins in the history of European civilization – the epoch of the New Age. A revolutionary formation and, subsequently, the establishment of a new state system based on political democracy, legal freedom and civil equality are taking place. As in other European countries, significant socio-political transformations in Ukraine were also due to the national revolution of 1648–1676.Analyzing the events in Ukraine in the mid-seventeenth century as a component of the pan-European revolutionary movement, the author considers the attitudinal and ideological origins of the Ukrainian revolution. Their common European features, as well as specific features are clarified and characterized. In general, the change in the worldview system in Ukraine is associated with the renaissance-humanist and reformation ideas that began to spread in the Ukrainian lands without losing its original meaning, but acquiring here a kind of national color, aimed at understanding the urgent problems of Ukrainian society.In the field of political and legal doctrine, the assertion of the legal worldview takes place, replacing the theological. Its classic embodiment became the theory of natural law with its concept of inalienable natural human rights as well as the concept of social contract. These ideas became, to a greater or lesser extent, the basis of the Ukrainian revolution of the seventeenth century. Their embodiment can be found in the works of Ukrainian «Renaissance humanists» of the 16th – early 17th centuries: S. Orikhovsky, J. Vereshchynsky, I. Dombrovsky, S. Klenovych, S. Pekalid, J. Shchasny-Herburt, K. Sakovych.It is found that in the seventeenth century, the works of such prominent political thinkers, theorists of natural law as J. Lipsius, G. Grotius, later B. Spinoza, T. Hobbes, S. Pufendorf were becoming widespread in Ukraine. They found a favorable ground in Ukraine and directly influenced the Ukrainian revolution, as the state and legal ideas of these thinkers became especially popular not only among the intellectual elite, but also among the Cossacks – the main driving force of the revolution.A number of Ukrainian thinkers, despite the fact that until 1649 Ukraine did not have its own state, were considering the future path of its political development. Specific plans of forming own state are embodied, in particular, in the works of J. Vereshchynsky, P. Mohyla, Y. Nemyrych, and others. They became a logical continuation and development of the state approaches of Ukrainian Renaissance humanists and reflected the tendency to combine the understanding of the history of their own state-building tradition with the study of Western experience. The analysis of political and legal ideas of Ukrainian authors, real historical events of the seventeenth century testify to the emergence among the Ukrainian population of clear tendencies to build their own state. Since then, the idea of the Ukrainian nation-state became fundamental to the Cossack state-building and leading in the liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people of all subsequent centuries. ; Аналізуючи події в Україні середини ХVІІ ст. як складову загальноєвропейського революційного руху, автор розглядає світоглядні, ідеологічні та ідейні витоки української революції. З'ясовано і охарактеризовано їх спільні зі загальноєвропейськими, а також специфічні риси. Загалом, зміна світоглядної системи в Україні пов'язується з ренесансно-гуманістичними та реформаційними ідеями, які почали поширюватися на українських землях. З одного боку – вони не втрачали тут свого первісного змісту, а з іншого – набу­вали національного виразу, зумовленого осмисленням актуальних проблем українсь­кого суспільства.З'ясовано, що підґрунтям української революції ХVІІ ст. стала теорія природного права з її концепцією невід'ємних природних прав людини та концепцією суспільного дого­вору. Дехто з українських мислителів, незважаючи на те, що до 1649 р. Україна не мала власної держави, обмірковував майбутній шлях її політичного розвитку. Конкретні плани побудови власної держави втілені, зокрема, у працях Й. Верещинського, П. Могили, Ю. Немирича тощо. Вони відображали тенденцію до поєднання осмислення історії власної державотворчої традиції з вивченням західного досвіду. Аналіз політико-правових ідей українських авторів, реальні історичні події ХVІІ ст. засвідчують появу серед українського населення виразних тенденцій до побудови власної держави.