Suchergebnisse

This paper tests the hypothesis that a nation's hosting of a mega-sporting event is an experience good for its residents. Applying data from an ex-ante and ex-post query based on contingent valuation methods, we use the Soccer World Cup 2006 as a natural experiment. The significant ex-post increase in valuation is shown to be due to adventitious citizens requiring an involving experience, rather than to an updating of aprior assessment. -- Experience goods ; contingent valuation method ; World Cup

The paper first discusses the characteristics of the current forms of
violence at sporting events, especially football games, as well as the
factors that lead to the manifestation of violence. Then, the author explains
the possibilities of improving social measures in preventing violence at
sporting events, in addition to existing measures of situational prevention.
In the field of social prevention it is especially emphasized the importance
of cooperation between fans and sports clubs and the role of other entities
whose activities are important or can be important in the field of social
prevention. Traditionally, police and private security sector services have
an important role in preventing violence at sports events. However, origin of
violence lies mostly outside sports and sporting events are often places for
manifestation of violence, which requires measures of social prevention of an
equal, if not greater, extent. It can be realistically expected that social
prevention measures achieve long-term effects in reducing violence at
sporting events. Also, exclusive or dominant situational prevention measures
can have short-term impact on reducing this kind of violence.

Sports broadcasting has been thrown into turmoil in recent years by technical change. This is likely to continue in the future with the emergence of digital broadcasts. There has been widespread concern over the regulation of broadcasts of sporting events. This paper reviews the grounds for regulation and concludes that there is little case for stronger government intervention.

Large sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, usually end up imposing large costs on their hosts that are not nearly compensated by either the revenues earned during the event or the legacy of large facilities that are left behind. The implausibility of recovering such a sizable investment explains why economists are usually skeptical that hosting these types of mega sporting events can be profitable. However, the desire to host mega sporting events such as the World Cup or the Olympic Games is widely held by both the masses and political elites. These events may allow countries to signal that they intend to intensify their participation on the world stage, and that there may be tangible benefits of doing so. Adapted from the source document.

Large sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, usually end up imposing large costs on their hosts that are not nearly compensated by either the revenues earned during the event or the legacy of large facilities that are left behind. The implausibility of recovering such a sizable investment explains why economists are usually skeptical that hosting these types of mega sporting events can be profitable. However, the desire to host mega sporting events such as the World Cup or the Olympic Games is widely held by both the masses and political elites. These events may allow countries to signal that they intend to intensify their participation on the world stage, and that there may be tangible benefits of doing so. Adapted from the source document.

International audience ; By connecting devices, people, vehicles and infrastructures everywhere in a city, governments and their partners can improve community wellbeing and other economic and financial aspects (e.g., cost and energy savings). Nonetheless, smart cities are complex ecosystems that comprise many different stakeholders (network operators, managed service providers, logistic centers. . . ) who must work together to provide the best services and unlock the commercial potential of the so-called IoT. This is one of the major challenges that faces today's smart city movement, and the emerging "API economy". Indeed, while new smart connected objects hit the market every day, they mostly feed "vertical silos" (e.g., vertical apps, siloed apps. . . ) that are closed to the rest of the IoT, thus hampering developers to produce new added value across multiple platforms and/or application domains. Within this context, the contribution of this paper is twofold: (i) present the strategic vision and ambition of the EU to overcome this critical vertical silos' issue; (ii) introduce the first building blocks underlying an open IoT ecosystem developed as part of an EU (Horizon 2020) projet and a joint project initiative (IoT-EPI). The practicability of this ecosystem, along with a performance analysis, are carried out considering a proof-of-concept for enhanced sporting event management in the context of the forthcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar.

International audience ; By connecting devices, people, vehicles and infrastructures everywhere in a city, governments and their partners can improve community wellbeing and other economic and financial aspects (e.g., cost and energy savings). Nonetheless, smart cities are complex ecosystems that comprise many different stakeholders (network operators, managed service providers, logistic centers. . . ) who must work together to provide the best services and unlock the commercial potential of the so-called IoT. This is one of the major challenges that faces today's smart city movement, and the emerging "API economy". Indeed, while new smart connected objects hit the market every day, they mostly feed "vertical silos" (e.g., vertical apps, siloed apps. . . ) that are closed to the rest of the IoT, thus hampering developers to produce new added value across multiple platforms and/or application domains. Within this context, the contribution of this paper is twofold: (i) present the strategic vision and ambition of the EU to overcome this critical vertical silos' issue; (ii) introduce the first building blocks underlying an open IoT ecosystem developed as part of an EU (Horizon 2020) projet and a joint project initiative (IoT-EPI). The practicability of this ecosystem, along with a performance analysis, are carried out considering a proof-of-concept for enhanced sporting event management in the context of the forthcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar.

International audience ; By connecting devices, people, vehicles and infrastructures everywhere in a city, governments and their partners can improve community wellbeing and other economic and financial aspects (e.g., cost and energy savings). Nonetheless, smart cities are complex ecosystems that comprise many different stakeholders (network operators, managed service providers, logistic centers. . . ) who must work together to provide the best services and unlock the commercial potential of the so-called IoT. This is one of the major challenges that faces today's smart city movement, and the emerging "API economy". Indeed, while new smart connected objects hit the market every day, they mostly feed "vertical silos" (e.g., vertical apps, siloed apps. . . ) that are closed to the rest of the IoT, thus hampering developers to produce new added value across multiple platforms and/or application domains. Within this context, the contribution of this paper is twofold: (i) present the strategic vision and ambition of the EU to overcome this critical vertical silos' issue; (ii) introduce the first building blocks underlying an open IoT ecosystem developed as part of an EU (Horizon 2020) projet and a joint project initiative (IoT-EPI). The practicability of this ecosystem, along with a performance analysis, are carried out considering a proof-of-concept for enhanced sporting event management in the context of the forthcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar.

International audience ; By connecting devices, people, vehicles and infrastructures everywhere in a city, governments and their partners can improve community wellbeing and other economic and financial aspects (e.g., cost and energy savings). Nonetheless, smart cities are complex ecosystems that comprise many different stakeholders (network operators, managed service providers, logistic centers. . . ) who must work together to provide the best services and unlock the commercial potential of the so-called IoT. This is one of the major challenges that faces today's smart city movement, and the emerging "API economy". Indeed, while new smart connected objects hit the market every day, they mostly feed "vertical silos" (e.g., vertical apps, siloed apps. . . ) that are closed to the rest of the IoT, thus hampering developers to produce new added value across multiple platforms and/or application domains. Within this context, the contribution of this paper is twofold: (i) present the strategic vision and ambition of the EU to overcome this critical vertical silos' issue; (ii) introduce the first building blocks underlying an open IoT ecosystem developed as part of an EU (Horizon 2020) projet and a joint project initiative (IoT-EPI). The practicability of this ecosystem, along with a performance analysis, are carried out considering a proof-of-concept for enhanced sporting event management in the context of the forthcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar.

By connecting devices, people, vehicles, and infrastructures everywhere in a city, governments and their partners can improve community well-being and other economic and financial aspects (e.g., cost and energy savings). Nonetheless, smart cities are complex ecosystems that comprise many different stakeholders (network operators, managed service providers, logistic centers, and so on), who must work together to provide the best services and unlock the commercial potential of the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). This is one of the major challenges that faces today's smart city movement, and the emerging "API economy." Indeed, while new smart connected objects hit the market every day, they mostly feed "vertical silos" (e.g., vertical apps, siloed apps, and so on) that are closed to the rest of the IoT, thus hampering developers to produce new added value across multiple platforms and/or application domains. Within this context, the contribution of this paper is twofold: 1) present the strategic vision and ambition of the EU to overcome this critical vertical silos' issue and 2) introduce the first building blocks underlying an open IoT ecosystem developed as part of an EU (Horizon 2020) Project and a joint project initiative (IoT-EPI). The practicability of this ecosystem, along with a performance analysis, is carried out considering a proof-of-concept for enhanced sporting event management in the context of the forthcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar.

By connecting devices, people, vehicles, and infrastructures everywhere in a city, governments and their partners can improve community well-being and other economic and financial aspects (e.g., cost and energy savings). Nonetheless, smart cities are complex ecosystems that comprise many different stakeholders (network operators, managed service providers, logistic centers, and so on), who must work together to provide the best services and unlock the commercial potential of the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). This is one of the major challenges that faces today's smart city movement, and the emerging "API economy". Indeed, while new smart connected objects hit the market every day, they mostly feed "vertical silos" (e.g., vertical apps, siloed apps, and so on) that are closed to the rest of the IoT, thus hampering developers to produce new added value across multiple platforms and/or application domains. Within this context, the contribution of this paper is twofold: 1) present the strategic vision and ambition of the EU to overcome this critical vertical silos' issue and 2) introduce the first building blocks underlying an open IoT ecosystem developed as part of an EU (Horizon 2020) Project and a joint project initiative (IoT-EPI). The practicability of this ecosystem, along with a performance analysis, is carried out considering a proof-of-concept for enhanced sporting event management in the context of the forthcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar. ; Peer reviewed