Suchergebnisse

"St. Croix - Historic photos takes us back in time to the 1860s-1917, a period when St. Croix was part of the danish West Indies. The three islands were sold in 1917. The text and the photos tell the story of the inhabitants' lives on the brink of agricultural, social and economic change. The photos give a hint of the labor tensions of 1878 and 1916, underscoring the need to replace the old plantation culture with a more modern agricultural production. Many subjects are covered, from the sharp realism in the sugar fields to the leisurely free time of the planter family."--Cover [p. 4]

Aus polnischer Sicht

The following publication presents the activities of the Lithuanian Roman Catholic Society of St. Zita, which in the first half of the 20th century occupied a significant place in the social life of the Lithuanian community in Vilnius. It ran a shelter for Lithuenian women seeking domestic servant work, mediated in finding a job, offered courses in reading, writing and religious studies. The Society organized meetings combined with reading, singing Lithuanian folk songs, stage plays and dances, as well as encouraged the members not to neglect religious matters. Apart from these positive aspects, some negative phenomena took place such as engaging the politically unprofessional members in political games and instilling the hostile attitude towards Polishness.

The following publication presents the activities of the Lithuanian Roman Catholic Society of St. Zita, which in the first half of the 20th century occupied a significant place in the social life of the Lithuanian community in Vilnius. It ran a shelter for Lithuenian women seeking domestic servant work, mediated in finding a job, offered courses in reading, writing and religious studies. The Society organized meetings combined with reading, singing Lithuanian folk songs, stage plays and dances, as well as encouraged the members not to neglect religious matters. Apart from these positive aspects, some negative phenomena took place such as engaging the politically unprofessional members in political games and instilling the hostile attitude towards Polishness.

Under 1. Verdenskrig indkaldes sønderjyder mod deres vilje til tjeneste i det tyske militær, og mange ender i Sibirien som russiske krigsfanger. På det tidspunkt opholder fru Ebba Tramp Bechshøft sig i St. Petersborg, hvor hendes mand er direktør i Dansk Russisk Handelskompagni. Her deltager hun ? som eneste kvinde - i en hemmelig redningsaktion, der ved list og snilde skal vriste disse sønderjyske landsmænd ud af det russiske kaos og den tyske hærs lange fangarme. Denne, hidtil upublicerede øjenvidneberetning, løfter sløret for, hvordan det lod sig gøre og opklarer samtidig et dunkelt punkt i de dansksindede krigsfangers ?russiske eventyr?: hvad skete der, fra de slap væk fra lejrene, til de nåede det neutrale Danmark, hvor de som tyske statsborgere, måtte leve i skjul, til krigen var forbi?

After 1918, the two Catholic convents on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania faced the issue of Lithuanisation, which was solved in different ways. The Benedictine Convent in Kaunas, the provisional capital of Lithuania, had been firmly Lithuanised by 1924. However, St Catherine's Convent in Krakės in Samogitia chose a different path. This article aims to find out how the Krakės convent dealt with the challenges of nationalism in the context of ongoing modernisation of its life at that time. The main objective is to present the shift from the Polish to the Lithuanian language in public and private life of the convent. The study is mostly based on original documents held in the archives of St Catherine's Convent in Kaunas. The Polish language was very important for the Krakės convent (established in 1645). According to the modified Rule of St Catherine the Virgin and Martyr adopted in Krakės in 1673, the language of prayers and sermons was Polish. Only daughters of noblemen were accepted to join; they were obliged to donate a dowry, which meant that only wealthy girls could become nuns. The Krakės convent stemmed from the cultural traditions of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The establishment of the independent Republic of Lithuania meant that St Catherine's sisters of Krakės needed to re-evaluate their political (civic), national and cultural identities. The study indicates that the solution to the language question in the Krakės convent was not enforced. The sisters were able to naturally reconcile to the situation, with time left to adapt. The article provides a detailed account of the reasons behind the gradual shift from Polish to Lithuanian. Initially, the nuns used Lithuanian to communicate outside the convent. It was not until 1930 that it began to be used in their community life, including prayers. Even then nuns could use Polish to communicate among themselves, say their private prayers or write letters. The study reveals various tensions which existed during this transitional period. However, the conclusion is that the convent successfully managed to avoid hasty decisions and resist emotions, as well as to balance between the universal and local church, the congregation of St Catherine in Braniewo (Braunsberg), the aims of various Lithuanian institutions, and the needs of the convent itself. The greatest achievement can be seen in the fact that the language issue in Krakės was not given unnecessary prominence and prioritised. As the study shows, giving it time was the best solution as the issue of language became resolved naturally, although the transition period lasted for a decade.