Suchergebnisse

This set of standards is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products

1 History and Growth of Fruit Processing -- 2 Harvesting, Handling, and Holding Fruit -- 3 Fruit Washing, Peeling, and Preparation for Processing -- 4 Seasonal Suitability of Fruits for Processing -- 5 Factors Affecting Microflora in Processed Fruits -- 6 Canning of Fruits -- 7 Freezing Fruits -- 8 Dehydration of Fruits -- 9 Brining Cherries and Other Fruits -- 10 Other Products and Processes -- 11 Flavor and Color of Fruits as Affected by Processing -- 12 Composition and Nutritive Value of Raw and Processed Fruits -- 13 Grades and Standards for Raw and Processed Fruits -- 14 Storage Life of Canned, Frozen, Dehydrated, and Preserved Fruits -- 15 Plant Sanitation and Waste Disposal -- 16 Fruit Consumption Trends and Prospects.

Over the past 20 years the number of standards and certification programs for agricultural production has grown rapidly. Producers who want to export are confronted not only by a plethora of import regulations, but also within import countries by different niche markets for which specific requirements have to be fulfilled. While the adoption of voluntary standards may grant export opportunities to farmers, they can also be considered barriers to entry for those who cannot apply them either because they are too onerous or because of the lack of knowledge about their requirements. In fact, some producers and exporters increasingly regard private standards as non-tariff barriers to trade. New and more stringent standards are being developed year after year, and there is an urgent need to determine today, and in the future, the extent to which these govern world trade. This report gives an overview of standards and certification programs relevant for fruit and vegetable producers and exporters in developing countries with a focus on the markets of the United States and the European Union. In addition, it gives an overview of current analytical work on standards and trade, reviews major assistance programs related to standards and provides recommendations for further research.--Publisher's description

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Prologue: The Ethics of Secularism -- Acknowledgment -- Introduction: Living Outside Eden -- The Knowledge of Good and Evil -- Ethics Without God -- Jesus, Moses, and Mohammed Versus Socrates -- Part I -- 1. The Failure of Theistic Morality -- Transcendental Ethics -- Platonism -- Theistic Morality -- Absolute Morality Versus Situation Ethics -- God and Obligation -- 2. Ethical Inquiry -- Two Kinds of Morality -- Ethical Dilemmas -- What Constitutes an Ethical Dilemma? -- The Beginnings of Ethical Inquiry -- Part II -- 3. The Common Moral Decencies -- Principles, Moral and Ethical -- Objective Relativism -- The Justification of Ethical Principles -- A Catalogue of the Common Moral Decencies -- I. Integrity -- Truthfulness -- Promise-Keeping -- Sincerity -- Honesty -- II. Trustworthiness -- Fidelity -- Dependability -- III. Benevolence -- Good Will -- Nonmalfeasance as Applied to Persons -- Nonmalfeasance as Applied to Private and Public Property -- Sexual Consent -- Beneficence -- IV. Fairness -- Gratitude -- Accountability -- Justice -- Tolerance -- Cooperation -- 4. Excelsior: The Ethics of Excellence -- What Is Value? -- Standards of Excellence -- Ethical Excellence -- Excelsior -- I. Excellence Primarily in Regard to Oneself -- Autonomy -- Intelligence -- Self-Discipline -- Self-Respect -- Creativity -- Motivation -- Affirmation -- Health -- Joie de Vivre -- Aesthetic Appreciation -- II. Excellence as Related to Others -- Integrity -- Trustworthiness -- Benevolence -- Fairness -- 5. Responsibilities -- Responsibilities to Oneself -- Responsibilities to Others -- Parental Responsibilities -- Filial Obligations -- Marital Obligations -- The Extended Family -- Friends -- Small-Group Interactions -- Beyond Ethnicity -- The World Community -- Why Ought I to Be Moral?.

Fresh fruit and vegetables have been identified as a significant source of pathogens and chemical contaminants. As a result, there has been a wealth of research on identifying and controlling hazards at all stages in the supply chain. Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables reviews this research and its implications for food processors. Part one reviews the major hazards affecting fruit and vegetables such as pathogens and pesticide residues. Building on this foundation, Part two discusses ways of controlling these hazards through such techniques as HACCP and risk assessment. The final part of the book analyses the range of decontamination and preservation techniques available, from alternatives to hypochlorite washing systems and ozone decontamination to good practice in storage and transport. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables is a standard reference for all those involved in fruit and vegetable production and processing. Reviews recent research on controlling hazards at all stages of the supply chainDiscusses the implications of this research on food processorsDiscusses the implications of this research on food processors

This publication analyzes the use of voluntary standards and certification schemes in the food markets of the United States of America and Canada. The main product categories examined are tropical fruits, coffee and cocoa owing to their economic significance to many developing countries and their high market potential in North America.--Publisher's description

"What does the good life mean in a "backward" place? As communist regimes denigrated widespread unemployment and consumer excess in Western countries, socialist Eastern European states simultaneously legitimized their power through their apparent ability to satisfy consumers' needs. Moving beyond binaries of production and consumption, the essays collected here examine the lessons consumption studies can offer about ethnic and national identity and the role of economic expertise in shaping consumer behavior. From Polish VCRs to Ukrainian fashion boutiques, tropical fruits in the GDR to cinemas in Belgrade, The Socialist Good Life explores what consumption means in a worker state where communist ideology emphasizes collective needs over individual pleasures."--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- 1. Transformation of Phosphorus in Soils of Agroecosystems in Long-Term Experiments: Sustainability Challenges of Phosphorus and Food -- 2. The Content of Exchange Potassium in Soil with Prolonged Application of Fertilizers: Impact of Soil on Food Safety -- 3. Foodborne Pathogenic Anaerobes -- 4. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Ceylon Olive (Elaeocarpus serratus) -- 5. Surfactant-Mediated Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Musa balbisiana Bracts: Kinetic Study and Phytochemical Profiling -- 6. Current Prospects of Bio-Based Nanostructured Materials in Food Safety and Preservation -- 7. Campylobacteriosis: Emerging Foodborne Zoonosis -- 8. Enzymatic Modification of Ferulic Acid Content in Arabinoxylans from Maize Distillers Grains: Effect on Gels Rheology -- 9. Stability and Quality of Fruit Juices Incorporated with Probiotic Lactobacilli -- 10. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation and Adsorption Characteristics of Legumes Using ANN Modeling -- 11. Enzymatic Production of Chito-Oligosaccharides and D-glucosamine by Fungal Chitosanases from Aspergillus spp.: A Review -- 12. Isomaltulose: The Next Sweetener, A Quick Review -- 13. Going Through Pulsed Electric Field Technology for Food Processing: Assessment of Progress and Achievements -- 14. Security and Biodisponibility of Derivatives from Medicinal Plants in Food Consumption -- 15. Dough Viscoelasticity of the Bread-Making Process Using Dynamic Oscillation Method: A Review -- 16. Physicochemical Characteristics and Gelling Properties of Arabinoxylans Recovered from Maize Wastewater: Effect of Lime Soaking Time During Nixtamalization -- Index.

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