Suchergebnisse

The population ageing process is characterized by two stages. At the second stage a share of the oldest old (people aged 80 years and more) increases very rapidly bringing challenges to social policy actors and to all society. The European population is now very differentiated by share of the oldest old. The EU countries are now more advanced in the second stage of population ageing in comparison to the candidate countries, but in the next five decades it will change due to limitation of fertility in Central and Eastern European countries. In the future in 2050 – according to the UN population projections (medium variant) – 15% share of the oldest old is expected in the most advanced regions. The mentioned population of the oldest old will be feminized and getriatrized (proportion of people aged 85 years and more is expected to increase significantly).

Differences between countries are the immanent feature of social growth but these days that situation had been complicated by globalization. The benefits of globalization are not so obvious because the new opportunities like: faster growth, higher living standards, promotion of democratic values aren't equally distributed and the global market is not yet underpinned by rules based on shared social objectives. That realities cause serious consequences for safety and peace in world. Those issues are the main challenge for international community. They determinate live standard of people and future of our planet. For that reasons author analyse what United Nations are making to find a solution to that problems and where are both - the main difficulties and weaknesses of international act system. Only that kind of Organizations have a legitimation to create an international forum which is necessary to find a solution for international issue. That is why autor is indicated those problems of inequality as a priority over national interests.

The paper reviews Barbara Kaszkowska-Wandor's book Res publica (post) literaria. Od poetyki wspólnoty do postliteratury. The study into the etymology of the metaphor of the "literary republic" leads the author to consider fundamental questions concerning the role of literature in shaping communities and the ways in which literature impacts political reality. The author's erudition and bold methodological solutions allow her to answer those questions – often old and considered to be unanswerable – in an original, unobvious way. ; Tekst jest recenzją książki Barbary Kaszowskiej-Wandor Res publica (post) litteraria. Od poetyki wspólnoty do postliteratury. Badanie etymologii metafory "republiki literackiej" prowadzi autorkę do rozważania fundamentalnych pytań dotyczących roli literatury w kształtowaniu wspólnot społecznych i pytań o sposoby wywierania przez literaturę wpływu na rzeczywistość polityczną. Rozległa erudycja badaczki i stosowane przez nią odważne rozwiązania metodologiczne pozwalają jej udzielić na te pytania – bardzo stare i często uważane za nierozstrzygalne – oryginalnych, nieoczywistych odpowiedzi.