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"June 1998." ; Shipping list no.: 98-0297-P. ; "Office of Policy and Evaluation Perspectives." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Mode of access: Internet. ; Author corporate affiliation: General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C. ; ""April 2003."" ; Subject code: FGD ; Subject code: FGE ; Subject code: FICH ; Subject code: FICT ; Subject code: SCH ; Subject code: WW*IJ ; Subject code: WWH

"GAO/PEMD-90-18S"--v.2. ; "GAO/PEMD-90-18"--v.1. ; Cover title. ; "April 1990." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; v.1. Report of the Comptroller General's Task Force on Interdisciplinary Management -- v.2. Appendixes of the report of the Comptroller General's Task Force on Interdisciplinary Management. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"U.S. Government Printing Office : 1994-515-032/03025". ; "PS 024 293". (ERIC online document designator). ; "ED 395 702". (ERIC online document designator). ; "This guide is specifically designed to assist the home-based supervisor in carrying out her or his roles and responsibilities while supporting the home visitor, who is key to the implementation of the home-based option." -- (Source: p.1) ; Bibliography : Selected Supervision Topics (p.B1 - B2). ; Mode of access: Internet.

Shipping list no.: 97-0169-P. ; "Rachel Schmidt . prepared the study under the general supervision of Cindy Williams and R. Williams Thomas"--Pref. ; "February 1997"--Cover. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the recommendations of the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC) on State funding for the school divisions in the Virginia cities of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth and Virginia Beach. The case study design provided the framework for the examination of the data. Records available from the Virginia State Department of Education, the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission, the Virginia Education Association (VEA), and the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission were reviewed to develop the research questions and the interview guides. Interviews were held with key persons in the State Department of Education, the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission, former members of the Virginia Governor's staff, leaders in the Virginia Education Association, and key individuals in the local school divisions included in the study. The JLARC study did not specifically examine the effects of the recommendations on urban divisions. The analyses completed by the VEA and other agencies did not give specific consideration to urban areas. This study examined these effects on four school divisions located in areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as urbanized. The findings of this study indicated that the JLARC recommendations adopted by the General Assembly affected State funding to education for the four cities used as case studies. The urban characteristics of each city had an influence on the State funding based on the changes to the methodology used by the State Department of Education to provide funding for the school divisions initiated by the results of the JLARC reports. Norfolk and Portsmouth increased the percentage of their budgets attributed to State funding during the years after the implementation of the JLARC recommendations, but Chesapeake and Virginia Beach did not. None of the four school divisions favored the JLARC recommendations when questioned in interviews. Two major changes in the method used to calculate State funding to localities were included in the JLARC reports that were adopted by the General Assembly. The first was the use of a statistical technique known as the linear weighted estimator to calculate salaries for positions funded under the State funding formula. These prevailing salary numbers had been higher in the previous method used by the State and this change impacted State contributions to all divisions. The second major change was the number of instructional positions funded under the JLARC recommendations. The JLARC positions were based on the Standards of Quality and the State Accreditation Standards and were actually higher than the totals previously used by the State Department of Education. The characteristics of the four cities used as case studies caused varied effects to be felt from the JLARC recommendations that changed the way the State funded the local education programs. Despite the facts provided in this study, the local school divisions and the professional organizations in Virginia had a negative reaction to the JLARC recommendations.

"Serial no. 102-85." ; "January 22, 1992"--Pt. 2. ; "November 20, 1991"--Pt. 1. ; Shipping list no: 92-199-P (pt. 1), 92-268-P (pt. 2). ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; "Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Development, Finance, Trade, and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs . One Hundred Second Congress, second session"--Pt. 2. ; Item 1013-A, 1013-B (MF) ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The debate on economic "globalization" suggests that the blurring of territorial boundaries shifts the power relations between nation-states and domestic market constituencies in favour of the latter. States have lost autonomy since policies are increasingly formulated in supranational or global arenas. Market actors may use their wider choice of geographic location in order to lobby for low regulated market environments. The paper seeks to differentiate this common view considerably. It argues that economic internationalization weakens the capacity of domestic market actors to engage in self-binding agreements that formerly had solved regulatory problems. Networks of interstate collaboration in turn lack the ability to monitor and enforce negotiated agreements. Both developments impose new duties of market supervision on the nation-state. Empirical reference is drawn from the stock exchange sector that went through a process of transformation which has led to an enhanced role of the nation-state in the model of sectoral governance. ; Die zunehmende "Globalisierung der Ökonomie" scheint das Machtgleichgewicht zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft zugunsten der Ökonomie zu verschieben. Nationalstaaten verlieren an Autonomie, weil Politik zunehmend auf supranationaler oder globaler Ebene formuliert wird. Marktteilnehmer hingegen nutzen ihren erweiterten territorialen Aktivitätsspielraum, um staatliche Regulierungen zu umgehen, die ihre Produktionskosten erhöhen könnten. Der Beitrag will diese Perspektive differenzieren. Argumentiert wird, daß ökonomische Internationalisierung die Fähigkeit zu kollektiver Selbstregulierung der Marktteilnehmer schwächt. Netzwerken zwischenstaatlicher Kooperation auf der anderen Seite mangelt es an Kapazitäten, die Einhaltung von Vereinbarungen zu garantieren. Beide Entwicklungen führen zu neuen Aufgaben der Marktüberwachung für den Nationalstaat. Als empirisches Fallbeispiel wird der Börsensektor präsentiert, welcher weltweit einen Transformationsprozeß durchlief, aus dem erweiterte Aufgaben des Nationalstaates im Modell sektoraler Steuerung hervorgingen.

Adopting a genealogical approach, "The Social Contract of Nations: Peace, Politics and Discipline in the International Society of States" attempts to reveal how the military dream of tranquilization, manifested in international law, informed the formation of the society of states. Tracing the development of modem international law back to its origins as personified by Hugo Grotius, this thesis brings to light the disciplining and tranquilizing function of international law. The regulation of inter­state relations will appear not only as the pursuit of peace as inspired by the legal philosophers of the Enlightenment epoch, but as dreamt of by 'military intelligence' aiming at ordering and pacifying the entire globe. Perpetual Peace, the invention of the Enlightenment, will become the goal of the formation of international organizations, most recently of the United Nations system. Its purpose, however, will appear in a different light; it will not be seen so much as the achievement of liberal insfautionalism, but as the outcome of the military dream of international society, that is, a thoroughly militarized sphere where Peace--the absence of civil disorder-is maintained through the continuous preparation for war. Peace, as a military strategy, and politics more generally, become the 'other means' by which war is continued. This thesis was written by Christoph A. Borucki for the M.A. in International Relations under the supervision of Drs. Ian Douglas, Jean Allain and Mike Lattanzi, and submitted to the Department of Political Science at The American University in Cairo.

In late 1988 as part of a comprehensive effort to combat violent street gang activity,' the California legislature passed an amendment to section 272 of California's Penal Code, commonly known as the Parental Responsibility Law. Section 272 originally stated only that every person who commits any act or fails to perform any duty that causes or tends to cause a minor to do a prohibited act is guilty of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, a misdemeanor under the California Penal Code, and subject to a maximum fine of twenty-five hundred dollars, one year in jail, or both. When the California legislature amended section 272, it imposed an additional affirmative duty on parents and legal guardians "to exercise reasonable care, supervision, protection, and control over their minor child[ren]."' In essence, California's legislative package makes parents liable for failing to prevent their minor children from engaging in criminal activity. Although the State has not prosecuted anyone under the new laws, the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California (ACLU) has filed a taxpayers' lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the Parental Responsibility Law." The complaint alleges that the amendment is vague, overbroad, and an infringement on family privacy. The ACLU has requested that the court enjoin enforcement of the Parental Responsibility Law and declare it unconstitutional.

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO commented on whether the: (1) Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency of the District of Columbia (CSOSA) had the legal authority to spend the interest earned on appropriated funds for fiscal years 1998 and 1999; and (2) interest that CSOSA spent violated the Antideficiency Act. GAO held that: (1) CSOSA lacked the requisite statutory authority to spend the interest earned on appropriations; and (2) CSOSA's spending of the interest constituted an unauthorized augmentation of its appropriation, which violated the Antideficiency Act."

"Serial no. 99-28." ; Shipping list no.: 85-993-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2 17

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The number of federal and state inmates released to communities increased more than threefold from 1980 to 1998. Since 1980, recidivism rates have been about 40 percent. Within the group of recidivists, the number of offenders reincarcerated for violating parole or other release conditions rose more than sevenfold from 1980 to 1998. Furthermore, such reincarcerations represent an increasing proportion of all prison admissions. The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) 1997 survey found that most federal offenders (62 percent) were imprisoned for drug offense convictions, and almost half (47 percent) of all state offenders were incarcerated for violent offense convictions. Also, the majority of inmates in both correctional systems--federal inmates (73 percent) and state inmates (83 percent)--had some history of illegal drug use. BJS' survey also showed that 27 percent of both federal and state exit cohort inmates participated in vocational training programs, and 11 percent of federal and 2 percent of state exit cohort inmates worked in prison industry jobs. In addition, 33 percent of the federal inmates and 36 percent of the state inmates participated in residential in-patient treatment programs for alcohol and drug abuse. In the federal correctional system, an inmate's preparation for reintegration generally encompasses three phases--the prerelease, halfway house, and community supervision. Under the Offender Reentry Initiative, federal discretionary grants would be provided to help states and communities work together to improve offender supervision and accountability--and essential support services--to minimize public safety issues posed by high-risk or special-needs offenders released from state prisons, juvenile correctional facilities, and local facilities housing state prisoners. A solicitation for grants is expected by the end of May 2001, and awards are expected to be made by the end of September 2001."

Technology continues to be a topic of great interest and concern in the educational community. The educational system is responsible for preparing students so that they can function successfully in life and work in the world of today and tomorrow. The interest and concern regarding technology in the educational setting has spread in recent years to include the sectors of business and politics. East Maine School District No. 63, where the author of this study is employed as a Library/Media Specialist, has not developed a formal technology plan as recognized by the Illinois State Board of Education. The purpose of this study was to analyze technology plans emphasizing the major area components of staff development and budget/financial, as well as to provide guidelines for technology plans that would include strong staff development emphasis. This study was designed to assist suburban Chicago elementary school districts in Illinois in designing technology plans, which would allow the districts to compete in the acquisition of technology funding essential in the successful integration of technology into the classrooms. The specific objectives of this study were to: 1. Study, analyze, and evaluate a variety of technology plans; 2. Identify different types of staff development training utilized and the person(s) responsible for the implementation of the staff development training; 3. Provide guidelines for the development of technology plans including effective staff development. Following the author's observation of a Peer Review Process directed by the North Cook Intermediate Service Center #1 and review of the literature and research, technology plans were collected from selected suburban elementary school districts supervised by the Regional Office of Education/North Cook Intermediate Service Center #1 in Cook County, Illinois. The analysis of the technology plans included studying, then ranking all 16 component areas of the Technology Plan Progress Guidelines. Two of the component areas, Table of Contents and Executive Summary, received a ranking of either Yes or No. The Progress Guidelines included four categories for ranking the other 14 component areas. These categories rank from low to high and are identified as follows: Beginning, Emerging, Advancing and Exceeding. Findings indicated that the technology plans were varied in size, depth of information and quality of content. Also, the study revealed that districts were actively revising their existing technology plans. The findings indicated that the majority of the technology plans did not receive a ranking higher than Emerging, with a total of nine plans not meeting minimum criteria as established by the ISBE. Four technology plans were determined to meet or exceed the minimum criteria in all 16 component areas of the Technology Plan Progress Guidelines, as required of technology grant participants by the Illinois State Board of Education, and these four districts could apply competitively for eligible federal and/or state funding. The findings of the study indicated that the component areas of staff development and budget/financial did not receive adequate emphasis in the technology plans.

"Serial no. 107-23." ; Shipping list no.: 2002-0099-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.