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Intro -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Comparing Organized Medicine and Health Policies in France and the United States -- Chapter 2. Unity and Fragmentation of the French State -- Chapter 3. The Fragmentation of the Stateless State: The Effects of Absolute Liberalism on Politics in the United States -- Chapter 4. Cohesion and Fragmentation of Organized Medicine in France and the United States -- Chapter 5. The Continuity of Crisis: Patterns of Making Health Policy in France, 1978-1990 -- Chapter 6. Policy Issues in France: State Reforms and Medical Resistance -- Chapter 7. Public and Private Forces in the American Health Universe -- Chapter 8. Patterns of Making Health Policy in France and the United States -- Chapter 9. Consequences for the Political Activites of Organized Medicine -- Chapter 10. Conclusion -- Appendix A: Glossary of Abbreviations -- Appendix B: Medical Unions and Associations in the French Hospital Sector -- Notes -- References -- Index.

The article considers the reaction in the Russian society on the piece by Vl. Soloviev «The Meaning of State» which was published by the liberal journal «The Herald of Europe» in December 1895. Special attention is paid on the causes of the indignation at this article in the left circles which were already peeved against the philosopher for his previous work of the same year - «The Meaning of War», and on the motives of the approval of «The Meaning of State» by the right publicists. It is stressed that the most important task for Vl. Soloviev in the period of writing his treatise «The Justification of Moral Good» was to demonstrate his allegiance to that ideas of his father, the prominent liberal historian S.M. Soloviev which could be seen, from the standpoint of the «fin de siècle» liberalism, as very conservative. The author formulates a hypothesis that the article "The Meaning of State" was destined to incorporate into the corpus of the ethical treatise by Vl. Soloviev but the specific way of polarization of Russian public opinion and the desire of philosopher to stay in the liberal circle determined his decision to exclude the predominant piece of this text from the book. It is stated that the article «The Meaning of State» was kept in memory for a long time as a strange and unique phenomenon of the appearance of the apology of Byzantine, autocratic state on the pages of leading liberal issue.

Review of the European Institute of the Mediterranean, Barcelona. In early May 2015, Yarmouk's battle was eternised. The Islamic State does not control the entire camp, but remains there. The Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis Brigades, close to Hamas, did not collapse: while some of their activists have in fact initially fled to the regime-owned areas, they remain one of the main forces opposed both to the Syrian regime and to an Islamic State allied to Jabaha an-Nusra. Working with other Syrian opposition forces, including the Islam Army of Zaaran Alloush, the militias close to Hamas are still standing as a political and military force on which to rely in the future. ; International audience ; Review of the European Institute of the Mediterranean, Barcelona. In early May 2015, Yarmouk's battle was eternised. The Islamic State does not control the entire camp, but remains there. The Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis Brigades, close to Hamas, did not collapse: while some of their activists have in fact initially fled to the regime-owned areas, they remain one of the main forces opposed both to the Syrian regime and to an Islamic State allied to Jabaha an-Nusra. Working with other Syrian opposition forces, including the Islam Army of Zaaran Alloush, the militias close to Hamas are still standing as a political and military force on which to rely in the future. ; Revue de l'Institut européen de la Méditerranée, Barcelone. Début mai 2015, la bataille de Yarmouk s'éternise. L'Etat islamique ne contrôle certes pas l'ensemble du camp, mais y demeure encore. Les Brigades Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis, proches du Hamas, ne se sont pas effondrées : si certains de leurs activistes ont effectivement fui, dans un premier temps, vers les zones tenues par le régime, elles n'en demeurent pas moins l'une des principales forces opposées tant au régime syrien qu'à un Etat islamique allié au Jabaha an-Nusra. Collaborant avec d'autres forces armées de l'opposition syrienne, notamment avec l'Armée de l'islam de Zaaran Alloush, les miliciens proches du Hamas s'imposent ...

В статье ставится задача рассмотреть понятия личности, права, государства: правовое государство, права и свободы человека, гражданина. Определить идеи гармонизации отношений личности и государства, фактическое положение человека, масштаб его свободы. Ставятся задачи на определение основных прав и свобод человека и гражданина. Так же в статье классифицируют обязанности: личные; политические; экономические; социальные; культурные. В связи с этим устанавливаются и рассматриваются обязанности гражданина Украины, которые прописаны в Конституции и приведены для общей наглядности. ; The article raises the problem of the study of personality, law and state: the legal state, rights and freedoms of the individual citizen. To define the idea of harmonization of relations of the individual and the state, the actual position of the person, the scale of his freedom. Goals definition of fundamental rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. The article also classifies responsibilities: personal; political; economic; social; cultural. It addresses the responsibilities of a citizen of Ukraine, which are set out in the Constitution and provides for total visibility. The materials of this article highlight the authority of government and its definition, provides the analysis to understand the state and society.

The article is devoted to consideration of the role of Barack Obama's personality in making foreign policy decisions in the US. It provides analysis of the key mechanisms of leader's influence on the formation of US foreign policy and the consequences of such influence. The analysis of public speeches of the US president helps to reveal his attitude towards the main issues of the political agenda. The authors analyze the statements in his speeches, such as Christian values, exceptional role of the American state, the basic steps of the first and second election campaigns of Obama and their distinguishing characteristics from other US president elections. There are parallels between the personality of Barack Obama with persons who have left their mark in American history, such as Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. The authors analyze the major mistakes made by Obama during the events of the Arab spring, which is the reason for selection of the time frame for the research (from the presidential election in 2008 to the events of the Arab Spring in 2011). The double standards used by the president since his first appearance, in which he commented on the events in the Middle East and North Africa, forced us to look for ulterior motives in the actions of the USA on the world stage. The goals Obama outlined during the presidential election race weren't achieved during the Arab spring. Consideration of his role as an individual in yet another Middle East issue, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, led to the conclusion that it was another failure of the US president to pursue a balanced foreign policy. The attempt to assume the role of a mediator in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict failed. Moreover, there was an important background of all the events in the Middle East, namely contradictions between the US president and his administration. As a result, the conclusion is made about the role of Obama in shaping of the US foreign policy, as well as about the extent of its influence on the formation of the international agenda.