Suchergebnisse

Review of the European Institute of the Mediterranean, Barcelona. In early May 2015, Yarmouk's battle was eternised. The Islamic State does not control the entire camp, but remains there. The Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis Brigades, close to Hamas, did not collapse: while some of their activists have in fact initially fled to the regime-owned areas, they remain one of the main forces opposed both to the Syrian regime and to an Islamic State allied to Jabaha an-Nusra. Working with other Syrian opposition forces, including the Islam Army of Zaaran Alloush, the militias close to Hamas are still standing as a political and military force on which to rely in the future. ; International audience ; Review of the European Institute of the Mediterranean, Barcelona. In early May 2015, Yarmouk's battle was eternised. The Islamic State does not control the entire camp, but remains there. The Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis Brigades, close to Hamas, did not collapse: while some of their activists have in fact initially fled to the regime-owned areas, they remain one of the main forces opposed both to the Syrian regime and to an Islamic State allied to Jabaha an-Nusra. Working with other Syrian opposition forces, including the Islam Army of Zaaran Alloush, the militias close to Hamas are still standing as a political and military force on which to rely in the future. ; Revue de l'Institut européen de la Méditerranée, Barcelone. Début mai 2015, la bataille de Yarmouk s'éternise. L'Etat islamique ne contrôle certes pas l'ensemble du camp, mais y demeure encore. Les Brigades Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis, proches du Hamas, ne se sont pas effondrées : si certains de leurs activistes ont effectivement fui, dans un premier temps, vers les zones tenues par le régime, elles n'en demeurent pas moins l'une des principales forces opposées tant au régime syrien qu'à un Etat islamique allié au Jabaha an-Nusra. Collaborant avec d'autres forces armées de l'opposition syrienne, notamment avec l'Armée de l'islam de Zaaran Alloush, les miliciens proches du Hamas s'imposent ...

Since a few years the individual has returned to social science debates through their community, societal and national "affiliations". Liberals are opposed to "communitarians" in order to place individuals in the face of power and optimise their rights in modern, complex and multicultural societies. However, the process of political modernisation _ with the formation of the nation state _ had extracted the individual from his or her 'vital' relations in order to place him directly vis-à-vis the State as a citizen, thus replacing loyalty vis_à_vis-à-vis peers with loyalty vis_à_vis the political community and affectivity through rationality as an indicator of progress and empowerment. As for the process of economic modernisation leading to social transformations, it has been accompanied by dichotomic analyses of social relations and modes of solidarity (.). ; Depuis quelques années l'individu reprend sa place dans les débats en sciences sociales à travers ses " appartenances " communautaire, sociétale, nationale. Les libéraux s'opposent aux " communautaristes " pour situer l'individu face au pouvoir et optimiser ses droits dans les sociétés modernes, complexes et multiculturelles. Or le processus de modernisation politique _ avec la formation de l'État_nation _ avait extrait l'individu de ses relations dites primordiales pour le situer directement face à l'État en tant que citoyen, remplaçant ainsi la loyauté vis_à_vis des pairs par la loyauté vis_à_vis de la communauté politique et l'affectivité par la rationalité comme indicateur du progrès et de l'émancipation. Quant au processus de modernisation économique à l'origine de transformations sociales, il s'est accompagné d'analyses dichotomiques des relations sociales et des modes de solidarité (.).

This thesis advance the argument that the case of Sierra Leone is exemplary for understanding the collapse of and reconstruction of neo-patrimonial states in Africa after the end of the cold war. It identifies the historical and socio-political processes that led to the collapse of the state but also the dynamics of its reconstruction. It is based on the hypothesis that state collapse and reconstruction underlines the continuities of state formation processes. ; Cette thèse avance que le cas de la Sierra Leone est édifiant pour comprendre le paradoxe de l'effondrement et de la reconstruction des Etats africains néo-patrimoniaux dans l'ère post-Guerre Froide. Il vise à identifier les processus historiques, politiques et sociaux spécifiques qui ont mené à l'effondrement de l'Etat en Sierra Leone, mais aussi les dynamiques à l'oeuvre dans sa reconstruction. Elle s'appuie sur l"hypothèse selon laquelle l'effondrement et la reconstruction de l'Etat révèlent des continuités de la formation de l'Etat en Sierra Leone.

This thesis advance the argument that the case of Sierra Leone is exemplary for understanding the collapse of and reconstruction of neo-patrimonial states in Africa after the end of the cold war. It identifies the historical and socio-political processes that led to the collapse of the state but also the dynamics of its reconstruction. It is based on the hypothesis that state collapse and reconstruction underlines the continuities of state formation processes. ; Cette thèse avance que le cas de la Sierra Leone est édifiant pour comprendre le paradoxe de l'effondrement et de la reconstruction des Etats africains néo-patrimoniaux dans l'ère post-Guerre Froide. Il vise à identifier les processus historiques, politiques et sociaux spécifiques qui ont mené à l'effondrement de l'Etat en Sierra Leone, mais aussi les dynamiques à l'oeuvre dans sa reconstruction. Elle s'appuie sur l"hypothèse selon laquelle l'effondrement et la reconstruction de l'Etat révèlent des continuités de la formation de l'Etat en Sierra Leone.

This thesis advance the argument that the case of Sierra Leone is exemplary for understanding the collapse of and reconstruction of neo-patrimonial states in Africa after the end of the cold war. It identifies the historical and socio-political processes that led to the collapse of the state but also the dynamics of its reconstruction. It is based on the hypothesis that state collapse and reconstruction underlines the continuities of state formation processes. ; Cette thèse avance que le cas de la Sierra Leone est édifiant pour comprendre le paradoxe de l'effondrement et de la reconstruction des Etats africains néo-patrimoniaux dans l'ère post-Guerre Froide. Il vise à identifier les processus historiques, politiques et sociaux spécifiques qui ont mené à l'effondrement de l'Etat en Sierra Leone, mais aussi les dynamiques à l'oeuvre dans sa reconstruction. Elle s'appuie sur l"hypothèse selon laquelle l'effondrement et la reconstruction de l'Etat révèlent des continuités de la formation de l'Etat en Sierra Leone.

Relations between Palestinians and Americans are often reduced to economic and political considerations. However, these are not enough to reflect the particularities of the relationship between the United States, Palestine and Israel. This article explores the religious aspect of these relations, by exploring evangelical Christian Zionism, which is currently estimated to account for around 40 million Americans. ; Relationships between the United States and Palestine are often reduced to economic or political dimensions. However, religion is a key element. One cannot understand the specific ties between America, Palestine and Israël without addressing the issue of US Evangelical zionism, which is represented by 40 millions of US citizens. ; Relations between Palestinians and Americans are often reduced to economic and political considerations. However, these are not enough to reflect the particularities of the relationship between the United States, Palestine and Israel. This article explores the religious aspect of these relations, by exploring evangelical Christian Zionism, which is currently estimated to account for around 40 million Americans. ; Les relations entre Palestiniens et Américains sont souvent réduites à des considérations économiques et politiques. Pourtant, ces dernières ne suffisent pas à rendre compte des particularités de la relation entretenue entre les Etats-Unis, la Palestine et Israël. Cet article explore l'aspect religieux de ces relations, au travers d'une exploration du sionisme chrétien évangélique, qui pèserait aujourd'hui environ 40 millions d'Américains.

International audience In two decisions of November 16, 2020, the French Council of State had the opportunity to rule on the responsibility of the State regarding the supervision of the ANSM on PIP breast implants. In both cases, the French Council of State considered that the French Agency for the Sanitary Safety of Health Products (AFSSAPS) had not committed any fault in the surveillance of the breast prostheses such as to engage the responsibility of the State. ; Par deux décisions du 16 novembre 2020, le Conseil d'État a eu l'occasion de se prononcer sur la responsabilité de l'État quant à la surveillance de l'ANSM sur les prothèses mammaires PIP. Le Conseil d'État estime, dans les deux espèces, que l'Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (AFSSAPS) n'a pas commis de faute dans la surveillance des prothèse mammaires de nature à engager la responsabilité de l'État.

China aims to become the world's largest economic power in three decades. The struggle for influence between the two States highlights a conflict of civilisation and ideology, between the primacy of individual interest and that of the national power of the socialist market economy. From an economic, military, scientific and technological point of view, the United States continues to have a significant advantage, but it is shrinking faster than expected. Yet China also has loopholes that could hamper its ambitions. ; China's ambition is to become the world's largest economic power within three decades. The struggle for influence between the two states highlights a clash of civilization and ideology, between the primacy of individual interest and that of the national power of the socialist market economy. From the economic, military, scientific and technological point of view, the United States still has a substantial advantage, but it is shrinking faster than expected. However, China also has loopholes that could hamper its ambitions. ; China aims to become the world's largest economic power in three decades. The struggle for influence between the two States highlights a conflict of civilisation and ideology, between the primacy of individual interest and that of the national power of the socialist market economy. From an economic, military, scientific and technological point of view, the United States continues to have a significant advantage, but it is shrinking faster than expected. Yet China also has loopholes that could hamper its ambitions. ; La Chine a pour ambition de devenir la plus grande puissance économique mondiale d'ici à trois décennies. La lutte d'influence entre les deux Etats met en évidence un conflit de civilisation et d'idéologie, entre la primauté de l'intérêt individuel et celle de la puissance nationale de l'économie de marché socialiste. D'un point de vue économique, militaire, scientifique et technologique les Etats-Unis conservent un avantage conséquent, mais celui-ci s'amenuise plus ...

International audience Uzbekistan, a former Muslim Republic of the Soviet Union, remains strongly marked by the legacy of the previous political system. The State continues to exercise a key regulatory role in the social and economic spheres. In a system where there is no distinction between administrative and political mandates, state employees (fonctionnaires) play the role of intermediaries between citizens and access to resources which are under strict State control.How does one become a state employee? The selection of those with power rests initially on the acquisition of local legitimacy which is earned through a system of gifts and counter-gifts. The possibility of getting into a training institution in order to accede to the highest national responsibilities is conditional on the constitution of a local solidarity network. At the national level, region factions contest and share out the different State institutions. Having a regional legitimacy, state employees maintain clientelist relations with those coming from their regions in order to give them temporary access to or favour their integration (as a state employee) within the State. This illustrates the specific logic of power relations and the particular nature of the State. In addition, in the context of an openness towards the outside world, the numerous aid projects are becoming stakes in the struggle between regional factions. ; L'Ouzbékistan, ancienne République musulmane d'Union Soviétique reste fortement marquée par l'héritage du précédent système politique. L'État continue d'exercer un rôle primordial de régulateur social et économique. Dans un système où il n'y a pas de distinction entre mandat administratif et politique, les fonctionnaires jouent un rôle d'intermédiaire entre les citoyens et l'accès aux ressources, étroitement sous contrôle de l'État. Comment devient-on fonctionnaire ?La logique de sélection des hommes qui ont du pouvoir repose dans un premier temps sur l'acquisition d'une légitimité locale qui se mérite à travers un ...

The results of the US censuses, which are constitutional in nature, have direct effects in internal and external geopolitical. For example, they determine the number of representatives per state in the US Congress and the composition of the electoral corps that elects the President. In addition, they lead to an understanding of the distribution by origin and "race" of the population of the United States, a result that is strongly scrutinised by election candidates who adapt their electoral strategies to this distribution. These latter allocations indicate the quantitative importance of some diasporas and, therefore, their potential influence on the external geopolitics of the United States. Finally, the census sheds light on demographic indicators of this power, which are one of the parameters of global geopolitics. ; International audience [The census of the United States, whose nature is constitutional, have direct effects in internal and external geopolitics. Thus, they determine the number of representatives per state in the Congress of the United States and the composition of the electorate that elects the president. In addition, they lead to know the distribution by origin and "race" of the population of the United States, a highly reviewed by election candidates that fit their electoral strategies in this division result. Recent distributions indicate the quantitative importance of some diasporas, and therefore their potential influence on the external geopolitical United States. The census sheds light on the demographic indicators of this power, which are one of the parameters of global geopolitics.] ; The results of the US censuses, which are constitutional in nature, have direct effects in internal and external geopolitical. For example, they determine the number of representatives per state in the US Congress and the composition of the electoral corps that elects the President. In addition, they lead to an understanding of the distribution by origin and "race" of the population of the United States, a ...

The neoliberalization of educational policies in the United States is transforming the educational landscapes of large metropolises, where educational markets are being recomposed and participate in the construction of urban territories. The process of accumulation by dispossession finds in the educational sector a new field of expansion, giving rise to multiple political, economic, social and spatial processes, which intersect with the major contemporary urban dynamics of both the marginalization of certain peripheral neighborhoods and the gentrification of other more central ones. This thesis questions the place of education in the mutations of the new neoliberal urban order. Through two case studies—Atlanta, Georgia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—this qualitative investigation is based on a varied collection of field data and on the construction of new cartographic databases that lead us to draw a picture of school territories and their transformations. An approach that is at the crossroads of social and radical geographies allows us to adopt several notions to explore this field. The rise of educational political stakes within neoliberal urban agendas can be read through the structuring of urban educational regimes that carry the policies of reterritorialization through the privatization of education. Resistance to the different forms of dispossession (political, economic, educational, memorial) gives rise to a new order in which the hybridizations and solutions of the different actors construct new school territories within increasingly complex and fragmented urban landscapes. ; La néolibéralisation des politiques éducatives aux États-Unis transforme les paysages scolaires des grandes métropoles dont les marchés éducatifs se recomposent et participent à la fabrique des territoires urbains. Le processus d'accumulation par dépossession trouve dans la filière éducative un nouveau champ d'expansion, donnant lieu à de multiples processus politiques, économiques, sociaux mais aussi spatiaux, recoupant les grandes ...

The neoliberalization of educational policies in the United States is transforming the educational landscapes of large metropolises, where educational markets are being recomposed and participate in the construction of urban territories. The process of accumulation by dispossession finds in the educational sector a new field of expansion, giving rise to multiple political, economic, social and spatial processes, which intersect with the major contemporary urban dynamics of both the marginalization of certain peripheral neighborhoods and the gentrification of other more central ones. This thesis questions the place of education in the mutations of the new neoliberal urban order. Through two case studies—Atlanta, Georgia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—this qualitative investigation is based on a varied collection of field data and on the construction of new cartographic databases that lead us to draw a picture of school territories and their transformations. An approach that is at the crossroads of social and radical geographies allows us to adopt several notions to explore this field. The rise of educational political stakes within neoliberal urban agendas can be read through the structuring of urban educational regimes that carry the policies of reterritorialization through the privatization of education. Resistance to the different forms of dispossession (political, economic, educational, memorial) gives rise to a new order in which the hybridizations and solutions of the different actors construct new school territories within increasingly complex and fragmented urban landscapes. ; La néolibéralisation des politiques éducatives aux États-Unis transforme les paysages scolaires des grandes métropoles dont les marchés éducatifs se recomposent et participent à la fabrique des territoires urbains. Le processus d'accumulation par dépossession trouve dans la filière éducative un nouveau champ d'expansion, donnant lieu à de multiples processus politiques, économiques, sociaux mais aussi spatiaux, recoupant les grandes dynamiques urbaines contemporaines à la fois la marginalisation de certains quartiers périphériques et la gentrification d'autres plus centraux. Cette thèse interroge la place de l'éducation dans les mutations du nouvel ordre urbain néolibéral. Au travers de deux études de cas, Atlanta en Géorgie et Philadelphie en Pennsylvanie, l'enquête qualitative s'appuie sur un recueil de données de terrain varié et la construction de bases de données cartographiques inédites permettant de dresser un portrait des territoires scolaires et de leurs transformations. Une approche à la croisée des géographies sociale et radicale permet d'adopter plusieurs notions pour explorer ce champ. La montée des enjeux politiques éducatifs au sein des agendas urbains néolibéraux se lit au travers de la structuration de régimes éducationnels urbains portant les politiques de reterritorialisation par la privatisation de l'éducation. Les résistances aux différentes formes de dépossession (politique, économique, scolaire, mémorielle) donnent à lire un ordre nouveau où les hybridations et solutions des acteurs construisent de nouveaux territoires scolaires au sein de mosaïques urbaines de plus en plus complexes.

The neoliberalization of educational policies in the United States is transforming the educational landscapes of large metropolises, where educational markets are being recomposed and participate in the construction of urban territories. The process of accumulation by dispossession finds in the educational sector a new field of expansion, giving rise to multiple political, economic, social and spatial processes, which intersect with the major contemporary urban dynamics of both the marginalization of certain peripheral neighborhoods and the gentrification of other more central ones. This thesis questions the place of education in the mutations of the new neoliberal urban order. Through two case studies—Atlanta, Georgia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—this qualitative investigation is based on a varied collection of field data and on the construction of new cartographic databases that lead us to draw a picture of school territories and their transformations. An approach that is at the crossroads of social and radical geographies allows us to adopt several notions to explore this field. The rise of educational political stakes within neoliberal urban agendas can be read through the structuring of urban educational regimes that carry the policies of reterritorialization through the privatization of education. Resistance to the different forms of dispossession (political, economic, educational, memorial) gives rise to a new order in which the hybridizations and solutions of the different actors construct new school territories within increasingly complex and fragmented urban landscapes. ; La néolibéralisation des politiques éducatives aux États-Unis transforme les paysages scolaires des grandes métropoles dont les marchés éducatifs se recomposent et participent à la fabrique des territoires urbains. Le processus d'accumulation par dépossession trouve dans la filière éducative un nouveau champ d'expansion, donnant lieu à de multiples processus politiques, économiques, sociaux mais aussi spatiaux, recoupant les grandes ...

The neoliberalization of educational policies in the United States is transforming the educational landscapes of large metropolises, where educational markets are being recomposed and participate in the construction of urban territories. The process of accumulation by dispossession finds in the educational sector a new field of expansion, giving rise to multiple political, economic, social and spatial processes, which intersect with the major contemporary urban dynamics of both the marginalization of certain peripheral neighborhoods and the gentrification of other more central ones. This thesis questions the place of education in the mutations of the new neoliberal urban order. Through two case studies—Atlanta, Georgia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—this qualitative investigation is based on a varied collection of field data and on the construction of new cartographic databases that lead us to draw a picture of school territories and their transformations. An approach that is at the crossroads of social and radical geographies allows us to adopt several notions to explore this field. The rise of educational political stakes within neoliberal urban agendas can be read through the structuring of urban educational regimes that carry the policies of reterritorialization through the privatization of education. Resistance to the different forms of dispossession (political, economic, educational, memorial) gives rise to a new order in which the hybridizations and solutions of the different actors construct new school territories within increasingly complex and fragmented urban landscapes. ; La néolibéralisation des politiques éducatives aux États-Unis transforme les paysages scolaires des grandes métropoles dont les marchés éducatifs se recomposent et participent à la fabrique des territoires urbains. Le processus d'accumulation par dépossession trouve dans la filière éducative un nouveau champ d'expansion, donnant lieu à de multiples processus politiques, économiques, sociaux mais aussi spatiaux, recoupant les grandes ...

The neoliberalization of educational policies in the United States is transforming the educational landscapes of large metropolises, where educational markets are being recomposed and participate in the construction of urban territories. The process of accumulation by dispossession finds in the educational sector a new field of expansion, giving rise to multiple political, economic, social and spatial processes, which intersect with the major contemporary urban dynamics of both the marginalization of certain peripheral neighborhoods and the gentrification of other more central ones. This thesis questions the place of education in the mutations of the new neoliberal urban order. Through two case studies—Atlanta, Georgia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—this qualitative investigation is based on a varied collection of field data and on the construction of new cartographic databases that lead us to draw a picture of school territories and their transformations. An approach that is at the crossroads of social and radical geographies allows us to adopt several notions to explore this field. The rise of educational political stakes within neoliberal urban agendas can be read through the structuring of urban educational regimes that carry the policies of reterritorialization through the privatization of education. Resistance to the different forms of dispossession (political, economic, educational, memorial) gives rise to a new order in which the hybridizations and solutions of the different actors construct new school territories within increasingly complex and fragmented urban landscapes. ; La néolibéralisation des politiques éducatives aux États-Unis transforme les paysages scolaires des grandes métropoles dont les marchés éducatifs se recomposent et participent à la fabrique des territoires urbains. Le processus d'accumulation par dépossession trouve dans la filière éducative un nouveau champ d'expansion, donnant lieu à de multiples processus politiques, économiques, sociaux mais aussi spatiaux, recoupant les grandes ...