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Most theorists on international relations agree on recognizing natural resources, economic strength, technological development, political stability, & military strength as the five bases of a state's power. This unanimity is in sharp contrast with the divergences in the operationalizations of the power of states. Most operationalizations use only one or two bases of a state's power & thus are very limited in scope. Therefore, the demand for an operationalization sticking as closely as possible to the unanimity among theorists forces itself on the researcher. An attempt is made to transform the theoretical unanimity into an operational measure. Each power basis represented by partial indicators is listed: (1) natural resources--area, population, production of energy, (2) economic strength--gross national product, energy consumption, monetary stability, (3) technological development--level of alphabetization, number of students in higher education, scientific production & infrastructure, (4) political stability--length of independence, internal stability, & (5) military strength--number of men in the armed forces, conventional weapons, nuclear strength. The operationalization was obtained by granting all five power bases an equal share in the index & by giving an equal weight to the sums of the arithmetical values for fifteen partial indicators & thus, for the five indicators. The nation's power-index, thus obtained, was applied to 110 nation states as they existed at the beginning of the '70s. On this power scale, ratings differ from 29,046 indexpoints of world power (IWM) for the US to 276 IWM for Gambia & even less for a number of the smaller states that could not be investigated. Modified HA.

Significant changes affect contemporary societies, thus influencing politics and economy by transforming the tools and the strategies that are regarded as useful for the training of subjects.Within the frame of citizenship awareness, an artefact of capabilities is used to re-connect the poles of various false dichotomies: theory and practice; intuitions and inclinations of individuals with real life. Accordingly, this enterprise goes towards the overcoming of the school-labour dichotomy. This remark is consistent with the idea of capability when defined as the ability that allows the person to have the possibility of making substantial choices.The possibility of achieving the training of skills would allow people to enforce their rights and to transform them into real opportunities of life—provided freedom is regarded as the end of this process. ; Le notevoli trasformazioni che riguardano le società contemporanee stanno influenzando le politiche economiche e culturali e modificando gli strumenti, il ruolo e le strategie messe in atto dai soggetti o dagli attori della formazione. Nella cornice di senso della cittadinanza, il costrutto di capacità per il fatto di collegare il sapere con il sapere fare, le intuizioni e le propensioni degli individui con la vita reale, va nella direzione del superamento della dicotomia scuola e mondo del lavoro. Tale osservazione è coerente con l'idea di capacitazione (capability) intesa come condizioni particolari della persona che consentono possibilità di realizzazione sostanziale. Scegliere di finalizzare la formazione all'acquisizione di competenze significa mettere le persone nella condizione di avvalersi dei propri diritti e di trasformarli in chances di vita in vista della conquista della libertà.