The work was made by Gleb Šuklin, Political sociology master's degree student of VPU Social sciences faculty Sociology and political sciences department. Hypotheses of an investigation: 1. Different social evaluations of the sexes still dominate in modern society, but the new generation pay less and less attention to stereotypes; 2. Communal movement is a great assumption for minifying the stereotypes – many respondents think like this. Society as the institution is empowered to negate settled sexes' stereotypes, many of which earlier or later should disappear. 3. Respondents think that a very big influence in forming stereotypes has mass media, the education atmosphere. Settled stereotypes largely are the outcomes of the education and living atmosphere. The object of the investigation is civil society and its correlations with social evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes. The problem of the investigation: is the energisation of the civil society for eliminating evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes The purpose of the investigation is to disclose some civil society's and sexes' evaluation tendencies in nowadays context. Tasks of the investigation: 1. To analyze the conception of the stereotypes and role in the society; 2. To define the conception of the society and the importance of the society members in its life. 3. To fulfill the investigation that would let to ascertain the position of the society members' about the questions of sexes' stereotypes and evaluation.
The work was made by Gleb Šuklin, Political sociology master's degree student of VPU Social sciences faculty Sociology and political sciences department. Hypotheses of an investigation: 1. Different social evaluations of the sexes still dominate in modern society, but the new generation pay less and less attention to stereotypes; 2. Communal movement is a great assumption for minifying the stereotypes – many respondents think like this. Society as the institution is empowered to negate settled sexes' stereotypes, many of which earlier or later should disappear. 3. Respondents think that a very big influence in forming stereotypes has mass media, the education atmosphere. Settled stereotypes largely are the outcomes of the education and living atmosphere. The object of the investigation is civil society and its correlations with social evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes. The problem of the investigation: is the energisation of the civil society for eliminating evaluation of the sexes' stereotypes The purpose of the investigation is to disclose some civil society's and sexes' evaluation tendencies in nowadays context. Tasks of the investigation: 1. To analyze the conception of the stereotypes and role in the society; 2. To define the conception of the society and the importance of the society members in its life. 3. To fulfill the investigation that would let to ascertain the position of the society members' about the questions of sexes' stereotypes and evaluation.
The subject-matter of the social work master's thesis is relevant to the present day, because despite enacted political determinations and legal documents, declaring social integration, participation and parity as one of the main priorities in disability policy, there still are some psychosocial barriers, stereotypes and images based disabled understanding, evaluation and treatment in society, regarding to what social involvement of disabled people is still problematic. After the data examination showed that social images and stereotypes in Lithuanian media were researched only briefly, that raised the aim of the master's thesis to reveal what kind of images and stereotypes are presented in biggest Lithuanian newspapers. There were three major tasks to reach the goal: gather articles about disability in four biggest Lithuanian newspapers; perform quantitative and qualitative content analysis of gathered articles; reveal the main characteristics of disability representation in media. The research part of the thesis was based on qualitative research type – media analysis, gathered data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Research of disability images and stereotypes was accomplished in 2009 January – 2010 May period, during this time four biggest Lithuanian newspapers (Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos žinios, Vakaro žinios, Respublika) were reviewed and provided 136 articles about disability for further analysis. Research results revealed that disability in newspapers is pictured ambiguously and even controversially, because representing disability social and clinical models interlace. Disability images and stereotypes are multidimensional and ambiguous, based on clinical model's attitudes and negative representations of disabled people, herewith social model's ideas about disabled people abilities, parity, social integration and involvement. The final master's project's structure: introduction, key words dictionary, 3 chapters, conclusions, recommendations, literature list, summary in Lithuanian and English.
The subject-matter of the social work master's thesis is relevant to the present day, because despite enacted political determinations and legal documents, declaring social integration, participation and parity as one of the main priorities in disability policy, there still are some psychosocial barriers, stereotypes and images based disabled understanding, evaluation and treatment in society, regarding to what social involvement of disabled people is still problematic. After the data examination showed that social images and stereotypes in Lithuanian media were researched only briefly, that raised the aim of the master's thesis to reveal what kind of images and stereotypes are presented in biggest Lithuanian newspapers. There were three major tasks to reach the goal: gather articles about disability in four biggest Lithuanian newspapers; perform quantitative and qualitative content analysis of gathered articles; reveal the main characteristics of disability representation in media. The research part of the thesis was based on qualitative research type – media analysis, gathered data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Research of disability images and stereotypes was accomplished in 2009 January – 2010 May period, during this time four biggest Lithuanian newspapers (Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos žinios, Vakaro žinios, Respublika) were reviewed and provided 136 articles about disability for further analysis. Research results revealed that disability in newspapers is pictured ambiguously and even controversially, because representing disability social and clinical models interlace. Disability images and stereotypes are multidimensional and ambiguous, based on clinical model's attitudes and negative representations of disabled people, herewith social model's ideas about disabled people abilities, parity, social integration and involvement. The final master's project's structure: introduction, key words dictionary, 3 chapters, conclusions, recommendations, literature list, summary in Lithuanian and English.
The Master's Thesis consists of four major parts. The first part introduces the description of crime victim. It includes the description of crime victim, analysis of the rapport between the crime victim and casualty. The second part includes the analysis of factors impacting people to believe various myths and stereotypes about the victims of crime and their negative influence on understanding the victimization is analyzed. The third part includes the analysis of legal status of crime victims, complex domestic and international analysis of legislation, tackling the problems of compensation. The fourth part is about restorative justice and its positive influence on solving some of the problems crime victims have to endure.
The Master's Thesis consists of four major parts. The first part introduces the description of crime victim. It includes the description of crime victim, analysis of the rapport between the crime victim and casualty. The second part includes the analysis of factors impacting people to believe various myths and stereotypes about the victims of crime and their negative influence on understanding the victimization is analyzed. The third part includes the analysis of legal status of crime victims, complex domestic and international analysis of legislation, tackling the problems of compensation. The fourth part is about restorative justice and its positive influence on solving some of the problems crime victims have to endure.
Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes The object of the master's thesis "Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes" is the 2019 publications about Lithuanian politicians in the most widely readable Lithuanian lifestyle magazines "Žmonės" and "Savaitė". The object of the research are both textual and visual material of publications. Research problem. Politicians are people who have power in their hands to participate in politics and make decisions that are important to the whole country. The public do not have direct contact with the representatives of the authorities, so it relies on the images of politicians created by media. Women's make up a small proportion of public authorities representatives, so the question is: is this not influenced by long-standing gender stereotypes? The question also arises, why do some politicians gain people's favor and others not? Maybe others play an important role here - leadership stereotypes, or, conversely, negative political stereotypes? Work objective. Based on a critical analysis of discourse, to find out how politicians are represented in lifestyle magazines, are stereotypes seen in their representations? Research tasks: 1. Investigate how lifestyle journalists are describing and portraying politicians. 2. After the research, to find out whether stereotypes are seen in the representations of politicians. If so, which of them? What are their significance in political, social or other discourses? The most important conclusions, recommendations, suggestions of the research: The study concludes that the politicians in publications are usually represented in a positive context, their achievements at work and in politics are highlighted, their strong character traits, devotion to family and Lithuanian people are described. Thus, it can be argued that politicians are usually described biasedly. In the representations are only positive information and no criticism. In such a case, the opinions of the readers are manipulated. The analysis of the images showed the same as the analysis of the texts. Politicians are stereotypically portrayed as smiling, happy, surrounded by family members or people who support them. Most of the photos chose an informal setting: home, nature, city. Politicians are depicted interacting with family members or engaging in favorite activities. It can be concluded that almost all the photos create an emotional relationship between the politician, reader and potential voter. This relationship shows the banal attitude of politicians towards the voter, trying to decide in advance for him. The study also highlighted certain gender stereotypes in representation of politicians. The results of the study showed that among most positive publications about politicians, only women politicians were criticized. They are criticized for not having a family, a good understanding of family issues and problems as a result. The same reflected in the photos. Women's politicians stand out alone, while all politician men's are surrounded by family members. Only women's have been criticized for being indifferent, harsh, sceptical, and inconsistent. With regard to gender stereotypes, it has also been observed that men's are twice as often described as hardworking, trustworthy, simple politicians. Gender inequality is noticeable in this regard, as these descriptions give the reader confidence about politicians. The influx of positive information about politicians can also be attributed to the 2019 elections for the President of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Parliament. The study showed that most publications about politicians are commissioned. Thus, these data provide insight into why politicians are most often represented in a positive context. The role of the media is also clear: magazine editors receive money for publishing biased information.
Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes The object of the master's thesis "Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes" is the 2019 publications about Lithuanian politicians in the most widely readable Lithuanian lifestyle magazines "Žmonės" and "Savaitė". The object of the research are both textual and visual material of publications. Research problem. Politicians are people who have power in their hands to participate in politics and make decisions that are important to the whole country. The public do not have direct contact with the representatives of the authorities, so it relies on the images of politicians created by media. Women's make up a small proportion of public authorities representatives, so the question is: is this not influenced by long-standing gender stereotypes? The question also arises, why do some politicians gain people's favor and others not? Maybe others play an important role here - leadership stereotypes, or, conversely, negative political stereotypes? Work objective. Based on a critical analysis of discourse, to find out how politicians are represented in lifestyle magazines, are stereotypes seen in their representations? Research tasks: 1. Investigate how lifestyle journalists are describing and portraying politicians. 2. After the research, to find out whether stereotypes are seen in the representations of politicians. If so, which of them? What are their significance in political, social or other discourses? The most important conclusions, recommendations, suggestions of the research: The study concludes that the politicians in publications are usually represented in a positive context, their achievements at work and in politics are highlighted, their strong character traits, devotion to family and Lithuanian people are described. Thus, it can be argued that politicians are usually described biasedly. In the representations are only positive information and no criticism. In such a case, the opinions of the readers are manipulated. The analysis of the images showed the same as the analysis of the texts. Politicians are stereotypically portrayed as smiling, happy, surrounded by family members or people who support them. Most of the photos chose an informal setting: home, nature, city. Politicians are depicted interacting with family members or engaging in favorite activities. It can be concluded that almost all the photos create an emotional relationship between the politician, reader and potential voter. This relationship shows the banal attitude of politicians towards the voter, trying to decide in advance for him. The study also highlighted certain gender stereotypes in representation of politicians. The results of the study showed that among most positive publications about politicians, only women politicians were criticized. They are criticized for not having a family, a good understanding of family issues and problems as a result. The same reflected in the photos. Women's politicians stand out alone, while all politician men's are surrounded by family members. Only women's have been criticized for being indifferent, harsh, sceptical, and inconsistent. With regard to gender stereotypes, it has also been observed that men's are twice as often described as hardworking, trustworthy, simple politicians. Gender inequality is noticeable in this regard, as these descriptions give the reader confidence about politicians. The influx of positive information about politicians can also be attributed to the 2019 elections for the President of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Parliament. The study showed that most publications about politicians are commissioned. Thus, these data provide insight into why politicians are most often represented in a positive context. The role of the media is also clear: magazine editors receive money for publishing biased information.
Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes The object of the master's thesis "Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes" is the 2019 publications about Lithuanian politicians in the most widely readable Lithuanian lifestyle magazines "Žmonės" and "Savaitė". The object of the research are both textual and visual material of publications. Research problem. Politicians are people who have power in their hands to participate in politics and make decisions that are important to the whole country. The public do not have direct contact with the representatives of the authorities, so it relies on the images of politicians created by media. Women's make up a small proportion of public authorities representatives, so the question is: is this not influenced by long-standing gender stereotypes? The question also arises, why do some politicians gain people's favor and others not? Maybe others play an important role here - leadership stereotypes, or, conversely, negative political stereotypes? Work objective. Based on a critical analysis of discourse, to find out how politicians are represented in lifestyle magazines, are stereotypes seen in their representations? Research tasks: 1. Investigate how lifestyle journalists are describing and portraying politicians. 2. After the research, to find out whether stereotypes are seen in the representations of politicians. If so, which of them? What are their significance in political, social or other discourses? The most important conclusions, recommendations, suggestions of the research: The study concludes that the politicians in publications are usually represented in a positive context, their achievements at work and in politics are highlighted, their strong character traits, devotion to family and Lithuanian people are described. Thus, it can be argued that politicians are usually described biasedly. In the representations are only positive information and no criticism. In such a case, the opinions of the readers are manipulated. The analysis of the images showed the same as the analysis of the texts. Politicians are stereotypically portrayed as smiling, happy, surrounded by family members or people who support them. Most of the photos chose an informal setting: home, nature, city. Politicians are depicted interacting with family members or engaging in favorite activities. It can be concluded that almost all the photos create an emotional relationship between the politician, reader and potential voter. This relationship shows the banal attitude of politicians towards the voter, trying to decide in advance for him. The study also highlighted certain gender stereotypes in representation of politicians. The results of the study showed that among most positive publications about politicians, only women politicians were criticized. They are criticized for not having a family, a good understanding of family issues and problems as a result. The same reflected in the photos. Women's politicians stand out alone, while all politician men's are surrounded by family members. Only women's have been criticized for being indifferent, harsh, sceptical, and inconsistent. With regard to gender stereotypes, it has also been observed that men's are twice as often described as hardworking, trustworthy, simple politicians. Gender inequality is noticeable in this regard, as these descriptions give the reader confidence about politicians. The influx of positive information about politicians can also be attributed to the 2019 elections for the President of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Parliament. The study showed that most publications about politicians are commissioned. Thus, these data provide insight into why politicians are most often represented in a positive context. The role of the media is also clear: magazine editors receive money for publishing biased information.
Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes The object of the master's thesis "Representation of Lithuanian Politicians in Lifestyle Magazines: Expression of Stereotypes" is the 2019 publications about Lithuanian politicians in the most widely readable Lithuanian lifestyle magazines "Žmonės" and "Savaitė". The object of the research are both textual and visual material of publications. Research problem. Politicians are people who have power in their hands to participate in politics and make decisions that are important to the whole country. The public do not have direct contact with the representatives of the authorities, so it relies on the images of politicians created by media. Women's make up a small proportion of public authorities representatives, so the question is: is this not influenced by long-standing gender stereotypes? The question also arises, why do some politicians gain people's favor and others not? Maybe others play an important role here - leadership stereotypes, or, conversely, negative political stereotypes? Work objective. Based on a critical analysis of discourse, to find out how politicians are represented in lifestyle magazines, are stereotypes seen in their representations? Research tasks: 1. Investigate how lifestyle journalists are describing and portraying politicians. 2. After the research, to find out whether stereotypes are seen in the representations of politicians. If so, which of them? What are their significance in political, social or other discourses? The most important conclusions, recommendations, suggestions of the research: The study concludes that the politicians in publications are usually represented in a positive context, their achievements at work and in politics are highlighted, their strong character traits, devotion to family and Lithuanian people are described. Thus, it can be argued that politicians are usually described biasedly. In the representations are only positive information and no criticism. In such a case, the opinions of the readers are manipulated. The analysis of the images showed the same as the analysis of the texts. Politicians are stereotypically portrayed as smiling, happy, surrounded by family members or people who support them. Most of the photos chose an informal setting: home, nature, city. Politicians are depicted interacting with family members or engaging in favorite activities. It can be concluded that almost all the photos create an emotional relationship between the politician, reader and potential voter. This relationship shows the banal attitude of politicians towards the voter, trying to decide in advance for him. The study also highlighted certain gender stereotypes in representation of politicians. The results of the study showed that among most positive publications about politicians, only women politicians were criticized. They are criticized for not having a family, a good understanding of family issues and problems as a result. The same reflected in the photos. Women's politicians stand out alone, while all politician men's are surrounded by family members. Only women's have been criticized for being indifferent, harsh, sceptical, and inconsistent. With regard to gender stereotypes, it has also been observed that men's are twice as often described as hardworking, trustworthy, simple politicians. Gender inequality is noticeable in this regard, as these descriptions give the reader confidence about politicians. The influx of positive information about politicians can also be attributed to the 2019 elections for the President of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Parliament. The study showed that most publications about politicians are commissioned. Thus, these data provide insight into why politicians are most often represented in a positive context. The role of the media is also clear: magazine editors receive money for publishing biased information.
This MA thesis researches how Lithuanian politicians are being represented in the press and what political stereotypes (favorable or unfavorable to the politicians) are being created. Two main Lithuanian daily newspapers – "Lietuvos rytas" and "Kauno diena" – were analysed. The research tends to prove the three main hypothesis: 1) What political information will reach the readers and the way it is covered depends on media, not on politicians; 2) The political news, published in Lithuanian press, lacks objectivity and impartiality; 3) The majority of daily political information is unfavorable to the politicians. That is the way the negative stereotypes of politicians are being created. The reserach consists on several stages. Firstly, what information – favorable or unfavorable to the politicians – is published more often. Also, it was analysed wether political notes were interpretative or descriptive. This stage contains quantative and qualitative content analysis of extended notes, where state's politicians (the members of Parliament and Government) are mentioned. The period of the research was a month (04 13 – 05 13). It was stated, the majority of the notes were written in descirptive style, nevertheless, even quite impartial notes were mostly unfavorable to the politicians. Having the aim to discover what political stereotypes are being created in the press, the discourse analysis of newspapers were made. Three main political stereotypes – "politician - swindler", "politician – truth seeker" and "politician – hooligan" were discovered. Despite the fact, 6 one of the most popular stereotypes – "politician – truth seeker" – was favorable to the politicians, the majority of repetetive stereotypes were unfavorable. The stereotypes mostly is being created by the facts of politicians' behaviour, but the journalists, giving negative actions, tend to stress it by using evaluative word or definitions. Having stated, the stereotypes are being created because of politicians' actions, it was important to find out what – politicians or media – determine what political facts will be presented to the society. The method of half – structured qualitative interview was chosen. The most often mentioned politician, two journalists, who wrote mostly, and two experts – political scientist and the chairman of Journalists' union – were interviewed. Interview revealed, political information is mostly determined by politicians' actions, but which actions will be presented to the society, depends on the journalists. The content of information could be determined by interest groups, journalists' personal attitudes and society's expectations. It was noticed, media prefers negative political aspects, because of the reason it is easy to sell. Moreover, it was discovered, the journalist, having no negative attitude to the politicians, writes neutral or favorable notes more often than the one, who thinks politicians do nothing good to the state. That is why, the conclusion – personal journalists' opinion determines the negativity of information – was made. Still, the fact the newspaper "Kauno diena" published more neutral or favorable information than "Lietuvos rytas", allows to state that objectivity and impartiality of press is possible.
This MA thesis researches how Lithuanian politicians are being represented in the press and what political stereotypes (favorable or unfavorable to the politicians) are being created. Two main Lithuanian daily newspapers – "Lietuvos rytas" and "Kauno diena" – were analysed. The research tends to prove the three main hypothesis: 1) What political information will reach the readers and the way it is covered depends on media, not on politicians; 2) The political news, published in Lithuanian press, lacks objectivity and impartiality; 3) The majority of daily political information is unfavorable to the politicians. That is the way the negative stereotypes of politicians are being created. The reserach consists on several stages. Firstly, what information – favorable or unfavorable to the politicians – is published more often. Also, it was analysed wether political notes were interpretative or descriptive. This stage contains quantative and qualitative content analysis of extended notes, where state's politicians (the members of Parliament and Government) are mentioned. The period of the research was a month (04 13 – 05 13). It was stated, the majority of the notes were written in descirptive style, nevertheless, even quite impartial notes were mostly unfavorable to the politicians. Having the aim to discover what political stereotypes are being created in the press, the discourse analysis of newspapers were made. Three main political stereotypes – "politician - swindler", "politician – truth seeker" and "politician – hooligan" were discovered. Despite the fact, 6 one of the most popular stereotypes – "politician – truth seeker" – was favorable to the politicians, the majority of repetetive stereotypes were unfavorable. The stereotypes mostly is being created by the facts of politicians' behaviour, but the journalists, giving negative actions, tend to stress it by using evaluative word or definitions. Having stated, the stereotypes are being created because of politicians' actions, it was important to find out what – politicians or media – determine what political facts will be presented to the society. The method of half – structured qualitative interview was chosen. The most often mentioned politician, two journalists, who wrote mostly, and two experts – political scientist and the chairman of Journalists' union – were interviewed. Interview revealed, political information is mostly determined by politicians' actions, but which actions will be presented to the society, depends on the journalists. The content of information could be determined by interest groups, journalists' personal attitudes and society's expectations. It was noticed, media prefers negative political aspects, because of the reason it is easy to sell. Moreover, it was discovered, the journalist, having no negative attitude to the politicians, writes neutral or favorable notes more often than the one, who thinks politicians do nothing good to the state. That is why, the conclusion – personal journalists' opinion determines the negativity of information – was made. Still, the fact the newspaper "Kauno diena" published more neutral or favorable information than "Lietuvos rytas", allows to state that objectivity and impartiality of press is possible.
This MA thesis researches how Lithuanian politicians are being represented in the press and what political stereotypes (favorable or unfavorable to the politicians) are being created. Two main Lithuanian daily newspapers – "Lietuvos rytas" and "Kauno diena" – were analysed. The research tends to prove the three main hypothesis: 1) What political information will reach the readers and the way it is covered depends on media, not on politicians; 2) The political news, published in Lithuanian press, lacks objectivity and impartiality; 3) The majority of daily political information is unfavorable to the politicians. That is the way the negative stereotypes of politicians are being created. The reserach consists on several stages. Firstly, what information – favorable or unfavorable to the politicians – is published more often. Also, it was analysed wether political notes were interpretative or descriptive. This stage contains quantative and qualitative content analysis of extended notes, where state's politicians (the members of Parliament and Government) are mentioned. The period of the research was a month (04 13 – 05 13). It was stated, the majority of the notes were written in descirptive style, nevertheless, even quite impartial notes were mostly unfavorable to the politicians. Having the aim to discover what political stereotypes are being created in the press, the discourse analysis of newspapers were made. Three main political stereotypes – "politician - swindler", "politician – truth seeker" and "politician – hooligan" were discovered. Despite the fact, 6 one of the most popular stereotypes – "politician – truth seeker" – was favorable to the politicians, the majority of repetetive stereotypes were unfavorable. The stereotypes mostly is being created by the facts of politicians' behaviour, but the journalists, giving negative actions, tend to stress it by using evaluative word or definitions. Having stated, the stereotypes are being created because of politicians' actions, it was important to find out what – politicians or media – determine what political facts will be presented to the society. The method of half – structured qualitative interview was chosen. The most often mentioned politician, two journalists, who wrote mostly, and two experts – political scientist and the chairman of Journalists' union – were interviewed. Interview revealed, political information is mostly determined by politicians' actions, but which actions will be presented to the society, depends on the journalists. The content of information could be determined by interest groups, journalists' personal attitudes and society's expectations. It was noticed, media prefers negative political aspects, because of the reason it is easy to sell. Moreover, it was discovered, the journalist, having no negative attitude to the politicians, writes neutral or favorable notes more often than the one, who thinks politicians do nothing good to the state. That is why, the conclusion – personal journalists' opinion determines the negativity of information – was made. Still, the fact the newspaper "Kauno diena" published more neutral or favorable information than "Lietuvos rytas", allows to state that objectivity and impartiality of press is possible.
The paper investigates a twofold attitude towards linguistic diversity in the Lithuanian-speaking community, where, on the one hand, the dialects are valorised as a national and ethnographic asset and, on the other hand, certain restrictions on their use are imposed because of association with a lower social value and negative stereotypes. Three direct attitudinal studies serve as an empirical basis for the research: a quantitative survey, qualitative interviews and an experiment with high-school students on stereotypical traits of the dialect speaker. When discussing future prospects of dialect change, the overt values of the speakers are compared with the findings of the speaker evaluation experiment that have revealed subconscious values of dialectal speech. The research has shown that compared to the Soviet times, the ideological climate regarding dialects has become more politically correct. Positive attitudes are most prominent at a declarative level and when regional identity and the speaker's affiliation with a particular community have to be emphasised. Daily personal experiences, however, with the functionality of a dialect and evaluations of social and geographic mobility of dialect speakers, show a less favourable assessment of dialectal speech in comparison to the standard (non-dialectal) varieties. It is very much due to a frequent negative stereotyping of dialect speakers. The subconscious attitudes also reveal that the dialectal variability of speech has an arguably lower social meaning compared to the non-dialectal variability. The attitudes and practices of non-professional (lay) people may be claimed to reflect a double-faced standardization ideology of the Lithuanian language, which valorises dialects as an ecologic asset and at the same time limits their functioning by putting them in the reserve of "immobile" speakers.
