Suchergebnisse

In most European countries, among them France, the regulations of retail activities are achieved in two different fields, which work independently. In the field of town and regional planning, the procedure's goal is to get a building permission, while a commercial authorization is given to start the retail activity. In other countries, such as Great Britain or Sweden, only a planning permission is requested to locate buildings in which retail activities are run. In principle, the "double path" model can be followed in several ways, with different levels of graduation for the predetermination of the areas or number of retail activities.In France, it seems that the choice of a model where the regulation is managed by a commercial authorization has led the government authorities to adopt more and more a quantitative approach to decide the amount of areas or retail activities to leave. The studies and inquiries, which are requested to justify this approach, often seem to aim at finding a vain "best" balance between the demand of the consumers and the offer of retail activities. ; En la mayoría de los países europeos, entre ellos Francia, la regulación de la actividad comercial minorista se realiza en dos ámbitos diferentes, que trabajan independientemente. En el ámbito del planeamiento urbanístico, se necesita una licencia de construcción, mientras que en el ámbito comercial es una autorización administrativa de apertura del local. En otros países, como Gran Bretaña o Suecia, solamente se solicita un permiso de planeamiento para situar el edificio que alojará la actividad comercial. En principio, el modelo de "doble camino" se puede seguir de varias maneras, para determinar las áreas o del número de comercios minoristas.En Francia, la elección de un modelo donde la regulación, por vía administrativa, tiene lugar con una autorización comercial, provoca la adopción de sistemas de programación cuantitativos de las superficies comerciales. A menudo, los estudios e investigaciones que se solicitan para justificarlo parecen tener como objetivo encontrar un "mejor" equilibrio entre la demanda de los consumidores y la oferta de la actividad comercial minorista.

Interest in the use of new technologies as an instrument for the modernisation of public management is something common in public administrations. Local governments have recently invested considerable human and material resources to try to deliver services in a more efficient way. Although the progress made in the implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) has been significant, an analysis of all local government shows that its impact on the reform policies has been unequal, and that the real objectives of these processes of modernisation have not always been the same. Most governments have chosen a strategy that reproduces the way that the traditional administration works; whereas only a few have tried to make use of the potential that ICT offers to provide more transparency, new online services and to make administrations more receptive to citizens' needs. The first section of this article gives global data about the development of ICT in Spanish municipalities. Next, the websites of Spanish cities are analysed to identify the factors that enhance e-government and its implementation in the benefit of transparency, interaction with citizens and accountability

As never before, the concepts of tax planning, corporate governance and sustainability are having a close relation. Despite the fact that governments have tackled tax avoidance schemes, the director´s duty of care still obliges them to seek the best tax optimization for the Company they manage. In that sense, developing sustainable tax strategies that comply with transparent post-BEPS policies should could be considered as a standard of good corporate tax governance in today's entrepreneurial world.

This paper presents a performance analysis of source, shortest path, hierarchical and geographical routing strategies, which are the three most commonly, implemented strategies employed by wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. Source routing was selected because it does not require costly topology maintenance, while shortest path routing was chosen because of its simple discovery routing approach and hierarchical and geographical routing was elected because it uses location information via Global Positioning System (GPS). Many current applications require precise knowledge of physical positioning information, particularly in the areas of health, military, agriculture, robotics, and environmental and structural monitoring. Additionally, the shortest path routing technique was chosen because it is employed in several data-centric wireless sensor network algorithms such as Direct Diffusion, Rumor Routing, Gradient-Based Routing and the ZigBee standard. The performance of these three routing strategies is evaluated by providing simulation results based on latency, End to End Delay (EED), packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, overhead and routing load. Source routing only improves shortest path and hierarchical and geographical routing in terms of latency, hierarchical and geographical routing performs the worst because it must send hello packets in order to acquire and transmit location information. However, despite these significant disadvantages, hierarchical and geographical routing remains the routing option most often used in health, military, agriculture, robotic, and environmental and structural monitoring.

This current historic research aims to describe how the strategies of war used by the Colombian army in the history of Colombia, from 1930 to 2006, have evolved. To do so, first the strategies of war will be defined conceptually, and then, those used by the Colombian army, will be introduced. Finally, it will be attempted to make evident their evolution in this armed body, managing to leave further routes of analysis which can cross several variables, in order to better
understand the reality of a long armed
conflict as it is the Colombian case.

Se dan a conocer distintas estrategias de optimización matemática que ayuden a combatir las problemáticas generadas por el COVID-19. Para tal fin, las estrategias presentadas emplean metodologías de optimización comúnmente aplicadas en otras áreas de la ciencia para atender la logística de vacunas, el consumo de energía, el impacto ambiental, el impacto económico y la gestión de los recursos sanitarios, entre otros. Impulsar el desarrollo de este tipo de estrategias permitirá estar mejor preparados ante la posibilidad de futuras pandemias.

Esta investigación reconstruye las estrategias de protección en contextos urbanos desde fragmentos de la historia de vida de dos mujeres víctimas de la violencia social y política, para ello se usó la metodologia feminista en psicologia comunitaria, la cual reconoce en el discurso femenino, la experiencia de vida como fuente de saberes legitimos. (Campbell & Wasco, 2000). Los resultados evidencian que las mujeres utilizan estrategias de protección basadas en los saberes construidos en su experiencia de vida, su sitio de origen y las relaciones de poder. Pone de manifiesto la relevancia de investigar sobre la violencia urbana.

En la mayoría de los países europeos, entre ellos Francia, la regulación de la actividad comercial minorista se realiza en dos ámbitos diferentes, que trabajan independientemente. En el ámbito del planeamiento urbanístico, se necesita una licencia de construcción, mientras que en el ámbito comercial es una autorización administrativa de apertura del local. En otros países, como Gran Bretaña o Suecia, solamente se solicita un permiso de planeamiento para situar el edificio que alojará la actividad comercial. En principio, el modelo de "doble camino" se puede seguir de varias maneras, para determinar las áreas o del número de comercios minoristas. En Francia, la elección de un modelo donde la regulación, por vía administrativa, tiene lugar con una autorización comercial, provoca la adopción de sistemas de programación cuantitativos de las superficies comerciales. A menudo, los estudios e investigaciones que se solicitan para justificarlo parecen tener como objetivo encontrar un "mejor" equilibrio entre la demanda de los consumidores y la oferta de la actividad comercial minorista. ; In most European countries, among them France, the regulations of retail activities are achieved in two different fields, which work independently. In the field of town and regional planning, the procedure's goal is to get a building permission, while a commercial authorization is given to start the retail activity. In other countries, such as Great Britain or Sweden, only a planning permission is requested to locate buildings in which retail activities are run. In principle, the "double path" model can be followed in several ways, with different levels of graduation for the predetermination of the areas or number of retail activities. In France, it seems that the choice of a model where the regulation is managed by a commercial authorization has led the government authorities to adopt more and more a quantitative approach to decide the amount of areas or retail activities to leave. The studies and inquiries, which are requested to justify this approach, often seem to aim at finding a vain "best" balance between the demand of the consumers and the offer of retail activities.