Suchergebnisse

Stream restoration is currently a multi-billion dollar, nationwide enterprise enjoying the focus of numerous professional organizations, universities, policy, and citizen groups. The challenge of restoring damaged riverine ecosystems has driven interdisciplinary river science and policy as no other contemporary catalyst—but it hasn't always been that way. The earliest years of restoration, or more appropriately named "fish habitat manipulation" in Montana (and nationwide) evolved from "make-work" programs during the 1930's depression. Subsequent efforts in the 1960's and 1970's drew from that experience and traditional civil engineering, river mechanics. The Rosgen-based enterprise, initiated in the 1980's, spawned a new geomorphic approach to river restoration, brought fluvial geomorphology out of the closet, helped create the "river-restoration market", and ultimately provided incentives for academics to contribute to the current state of the art. Montana has both lagged and lead the nation in river restoration and preservation efforts. The Stream Protection Act of 1963 and Natural Streambed and Land Preservation Act of 1975 established permitting systems requiring integration of protection measures into stream alterations. The River Restoration Program (now known as Future Fisheries) enacted by the 1989 legislature recognized conservation of streams is of "vital social and economic importance to Montana" and established a funding for river and fishery restoration. Other programs including MTDEQ's 319 Program and DNRC's Loan and Grant Program provide additional funding sources. Montana has developed a vibrant river-restoration industry with over 30 Montana-based consultants and several University programs (MSU's Watercourse and UM's Center for Riverine Science) providing access to rapidly improving, cutting-edge science essential to effective stream restoration.

Climate change has brought to the forefront increasingly urgent concerns regarding future uncertainties, adaptation and risk in many countries. Flooding risks in the Netherlands however have been a high priority for decades. The Dutch Water Boards and other interested parties (other governments, NGO's, local farmers and private citizens) are attempting to deal with this new perceived vulnerability by increasing the resilience of the natural system, giving more space to the water and integrating as many interests into the new projects as possible, thus building stability and sustainability into the resulting system. The adaptive management strategies used to achieve this are comprised of taking a very broad perspective on the interests considered as compatible, deliberate adaptive project design to take advantage of different opportunities for improvements and alterations at different areas of the stream. Based on an existing framework of important governance regime characteristics, we add focus on one newly defined important quality: flexibility. Having both flexible and coherent governance regimes enables projects to meet local requirements and work towards a sustainable situation by synergetic win-win situations, constructive and cooperative planning and implementation and the development of a high level of trust. The paper illustrates and concludes that natural system resilience is dependent on such factors for providing governance system resilience.

This article explores the impact of public entrepreneurship on the Cheonggye Stream Restoration Project (CSRP) as an urban renewal project. The article presents the four elements of entrepreneurship: innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, and network governance. Innovativeness was an important motive to start the CSRP. The risk-taking and proactive leadership of the mayor had a positive effect on boosting internal cohesion among public employees and implementing the CSRP. Network governance helped manage conflicts among the related stakeholders and attract support to the CSRP. The article suggests that it was the effort to share the spirit and practice of public (or social) entrepreneurship with the people -- including the general citizens, public servants, experts, and interest groups -- that eventually led to the success of the restoration project. Adapted from the source document.

This article explores the impact of public entrepreneurship on the Cheonggye Stream Restoration Project (CSRP) as an urban renewal project. The article presents the four elements of entrepreneurship: innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, and network governance. Innovativeness was an important motive to start the CSRP. The risk-taking and proactive leadership of the mayor had a positive effect on boosting internal cohesion among public employees and implementing the CSRP. Network governance helped manage conflicts among the related stakeholders and attract support to the CSRP. The article suggests that it was the effort to share the spirit and practice of public (or social) entrepreneurship with the people -- including the general citizens, public servants, experts, and interest groups -- that eventually led to the success of the restoration project. Adapted from the source document.

This research is part of the SWITCH Project (Sustainable Water Management Improves Tomorrow's Cities' Health), which is coordinated by UNESCO and constitutes of a 32 institutions working net. Among these institutions are the Belo Horizonte Government (PBH) and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). One of the interventions conducted by PBH is the Drenurbs Program that aims at the restoration and environmental sanitation of municipal watersheds. Considering the importance of assessing the stream restoration interventions proposed by Drenurbs, the main objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the results obtained by the Baleares creek restoration project in Belo Horizonte. The following assessment tools were used: (i) monitoring of water quality (physical and chemical parameters); and (ii) survey with the population in the watershed. Tools (i) were assessed in two distinct periods: pre-restoration (September 2003-November 2006) and postrestoration (February 2008- February 2009). The survey was done once in October 2008. The water quality results revealed a significant improvement in all assessed parameters between pre restoration and post restorations periods, besides a change in the patterns of the average seasonal concentrations of the monitored indicators. The survey indicated that the results of the intervention were well accepted by the population, with good perspectives in relation to the deployment of similar projects in other urban watersheds. However, the preference for a "sanitary avenue" is still relevant. The results could subsidize future assessments of the interventions realized by the Drenurbs in Baleares creek.

There are many sources of urban river degradation from channel straightening and culverting for flood control and development, to point and non-point source pollution, and altered flow regimes due to urbanization and increased impervious surfaces. In this study, we focus on the hydrologic impact of impervious surfaces in an urban watershed in the East Bay area. We used the Water Framework Directive (WFD), recent legislation in Europe, to understand how a watershed approach and systematic waterbody characterization can guide restoration efforts. Specifically, we applied the WFD to Sausal Creek Watershed and developed a conceptual restoration plan that incorporates watershed-scale low impact designs (LID) to restore a natural flow regime and in-stream restoration to enhance the physical habitat. We modeled the change in runoff due to urbanization, and calculated the total area required to mitigate for stormwater. Our results show a nearly two-fold increase in peak flow from pre-development to today. To mitigate for increased impervious surfaces 38-57% of the basin would need to drain to LID sites. We compared the cost of LID with the cost of in-stream restoration and found in-stream restoration of the entire three mile channel would be equivalent to treating one-sixth of the watershed with LID. Finally, we developed a short-term and long-term program of measures to restore Sausal Creek.

AbstractStreams in North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germany) are frequently impacted by hydromorphological degradation leading to a loss of sensitive species and a reduction in diversity. These findings mean that the final objective of the European Water Framework Directive to achieve the good ecological status will be failed for a large number of streams. In a holistic approach, a new concept, considering the cost efficiency, has been developed to enhance habitats by morphological changes. This guide serves as a basis for stream restoration projects. The theoretical background is that near‐natural sections influence adjacent sections of medium habitat quality positively by migration of type‐specific sensitive organisms. The preconditions are a local taxa richness in the catchment area, the reduction of nutrients and organic matter, and the guarantee of free movement. This so‐called 'spreading effect' can be measured upstream and downstream. The length of by these means valourized sections depends on the stream type and on the biological quality component.