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""River Dynamics and Integrated River Management" provides comprehensive information on rivers for integrated management, including natural processes, stresses resulting from human activities, and restoration of various parts of the river basin, including the watershed, mountain streams, alluvial rivers, estuaries, and natural and man-made lakes. Essential concepts, traditional and modern, such as river patterns, step-pool systems, vegetation-erosion charts, habitat diversity, and flushing times of bays, are clearly defined physically and explained with figures and pictures. Detailed mathemat

Management of Change in Water Companies is essential reading for water utility managers, national and local governments responsible for water policy as well as those concerned with the management of change and risk management. It is also useful to readers interested in the areas of pollution control, energy savings and water losses, and stream / beach / river restoration. Joaquim Pocas Martins is Professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal, and provides excellent courses on the management of change in water companies world-wide

Alderson Creek (AC) is a small stream, approximately 2.4 km long, located about 100 kilometers from Kelowna, British Columbia. It passes through seven private properties that produce alfalfa-grass hay, raise cattle, horses and poultry. The creek and riparian corridor is substantially degraded, with sinking stream banks, siltation of the watercourse, loss of native riparian vegetation, and loss of fish habitat (Alderson Creek Remediation Plan, 2014). Channelization of the stream, lack of maintenance, as well as other inadequate management practices, have resulted in permanently flooded farmland (10.4 acre), cases of animals drowning in one part of the creek (due to unrestricted access for cattle) and disease problems such as foot rot for animals that are frequently in wet conditions. In 2014, landowners along the creek formed a non-profit society called the "Alderson Creek Restoration Environmental Society" (ACRES) to cooperatively address issues resulting from the state of the creek. In the same year, the proposal for a Group Environmental Farm Plan (GEFP) was submitted to BC Government. The plan proposed a set of solutions including fencing to keep cattle out of the creek, installing off-stream livestock watering and/or controlled livestock access to the stream, installing additional drainage infrastructure and planting natural vegetation to support the stream bank and provide shading and habitat. This document presents an accounting of the costs and benefits of the project. Some of these costs and benefits are experienced by the land owners themselves, while others impact the larger community. Riparian corridors in particular provide extensive environmental services which include water flow regulation, attractive visual aesthetics, and habitat for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. This study relies on the Benefit Transfer methodology to attach values to the expected ecosystem services after the restoration. The analysis was conducted for two possible project scenarios, a three meter and a five meter riparian buffer on either side of the creek. The lifetime of the project was taken to be 20 years and the net benefits (Benefits – Costs) were discounted using a 3% and 5% discount rate. Results showed positive net benefits for both scenarios when cash flows are discounted at 3%. Results suggest that a five meter riparian buffer results in the largest net benefit, calculated as Net Present Value (NPV= $53,422). With a three meter riparian buffer and using a 5% discount rate, net benefits are negative (NPV= - $5,865). The internal rate of return (IRR) for the three and five meter buffer scenarios was 4.64% and 5.41% respectively. ; Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences (Okanagan) ; Land and Food Systems, Faculty of ; Economics, Philosophy and Political Science, Department of (Okanagan) ; Unreviewed ; Faculty ; Graduate

The past two-three decades can be characterized by the period of global migration and sharp jump of migratory streams is connected with globalization and with the economic factor, generating labor movement behind resources from Third World countries to the countries with deficiency of labor. The desire to receive comfort life becomes the major reason, and the migrant makes the decision being guided by private interest more often instead of external factors. Western Europe became one of the most important center of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war, laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Globalization of migratory streams, penetration of foreign culture groups into structure of accepting society and prevalence of multicultural, multiethnic societies are important characteristics of a modern era. Western Europe became one of the most important centers of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period, the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Special relevance the problem of reception of immigrants, in particular from the Muslim countries, got for the former colonial powers, in particular Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands. Germany also faced this problem; migrants workers from other countries were required for the post-war restoration. Now Germany still is one of the main centers of an attraction of migrants, and concentration of them in this country annually increases. Despite the steps taken by the German government on elimination of Muslim isolation in the German society, its efforts did not bear fruits so far. The majority of Muslims live their life and are still torn off from high life of the country. A possible threat of destruction of the German community appeared when the various ethnic groups appeared in the country.

Small, 1st and 2nd-order, headwater streams and ponds play essential roles in providing natural flood control, trapping sediments and contaminants, retaining nutrients, and maintaining biological diversity, which extend into downstream reaches, lakes and estuaries. However, the large geographic extent and high connectivity of these small water bodies with the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem makes them particularly vulnerable to growing land-use pressures and environmental change. The greatest pressure on the physical processes in these waters has been their extension and modification for agricultural and forestry drainage, resulting in highly modified discharge and temperature regimes that have implications for flood and drought control further downstream. The extensive length of the small stream network exposes rivers to a wide range of inputs, including nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, sediment and emerging contaminants. Small water bodies have also been affected by invasions of non-native species, which along with the physical and chemical pressures, have affected most groups of organisms with consequent implications for the wider biodiversity within the catchment. Reducing the impacts and restoring the natural ecosystem function of these water bodies requires a three-tiered approach based on: restoration of channel hydromorphological dynamics; restoration and management of the riparian zone; and management of activities in the wider catchment that have both point-source and diffuse impacts. Such activities are expensive and so emphasis must be placed on integrated programmes that provide multiple benefits. Practical options need to be promoted through legislative regulation, financial incentives, markets for resource services and voluntary codes and actions.

With 77 species, the mussel fauna of Virginia is one of the most diverse in the United States. Fifty-four species or ~70% of the state's mussel fauna occurs in the rivers of the upper Tennessee River basin, especially in the Clinch and Powell rivers of southwestern Virginia. An additional 23 species reside in rivers of the Atlantic Slope, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James and Chowan basins, and in the New River, a major tributary to the Ohio River. A total of 39 species or 51% of Virginia's mussel fauna is listed as federally endangered, state endangered or state threatened. Excess sediment, nutrients and various types of pollutants entering streams from agriculture and industries are the main drivers of imperilment. Freshwater mussels reproduce in a specialized way, one that requires a fish to serve as a host to their larvae, called glochidia, allowing the larvae to metamorphose to the juvenile stage. This extra step in their life cycle uniquely defines mussels among bivalve mollusks worldwide, in freshwater or marine environments, and adds significant complexity to their reproductive biology. Further, they utilize "lures" that mimic prey of fishes to attract their host. Mussels rely on their fish host to provide them with long-distance dispersal and nutrition while they are glochidia, which are small (<0.5 mm) ecto-parasites that attach and encyst on the gills and fins of fishes, typically taking weeks to months to metamorphose, excyst and then drop-away as similar-sized juveniles to the stream bottom where they grow into adults. Adult mussels are mostly sedentary animals living in the benthos, i.e., the bottom of streams and lakes, typically in mixed substrates of sand, gravel and fine sediments. Mussels generally filter suspended organic particles <20 µm from the water column but can also filter deposited particles through the shell-gap when burrowed in the benthos. Further, the adults of most species are long-lived, regularly living 25-50 years or longer in freshwater environments throughout North America. Conservation of freshwater mussels in Virginia will require citizens, nongovernmental organizations, local, county, state and federal governments to apply their resources to five main areas: (1) water quality monitoring and regulation enforcement, (2) restoration of stream habitat, (3) restoration of mussel populations, (4) educating the public about the importance and status of mussels, and (5) monitoring and research to understand why mussels are declining and what are the best ways to protect them. Sustained long-term efforts in these five areas offers the greatest potential to conserve freshwater mussels throughout Virginia.

The central theme of my four portfolio pieces is restoring watersheds and building watershed communities. Each component of my portfolio approaches this theme differently. Using a broad approach allowed me to explore the various ways communities, watersheds, and restoration can intersect. My first portfolio piece analyzes cost-effectiveness of low-technology erosion control structures. These were used as part of a project to restore California Gulch, near Anaconda, MT. The second piece begins with a legislative history of exempt well policy in Montana. It goes on to study the collaborative processes used in developing an exempt well bill in the 2017 legislature, then makes recommendations for future collaborative efforts in a memorandum to the Water Policy Interim Committee's chair. The third piece is an interdisciplinary curriculum focused on the Big Hole watershed. Through service-learning, 8th-11th grade students learn about the area before participating in a local restoration project. The fourth piece contains two documents relating to work I have done in the field of watershed restoration, and building watershed communities. The first is a reflection from my summer working in the field for the Montana Department of Environmental Quality on the Stream Reference Project. The second is a memorandum to the executive director of the Montana Watershed Coordination Council, summarizing the findings of a survey I developed and sent out to MWCC's membership. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/grad_portfolios/1005/thumbnail.jpg

The objective of this study was to apply a previously developed large-scale and high-resolution SWAT model of the Vistula and the Odra basins, calibrated with the focus of natural flow simulation, in order to assess the impact of three different dam reservoirs on streamflow using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). A tailored spatial calibration approach was designed, in which calibration was focused on a large set of relatively small non-nested sub-catchments with semi-natural flow regime. These were classified into calibration clusters based on the flow statistics similarity. After performing calibration and validation that gave overall positive results, the calibrated parameter values were transferred to the remaining part of the basins using an approach based on hydrological similarity of donor and target catchments. The calibrated model was applied in three case studies with the purpose of assessing the effect of dam reservoirs (Włocławek, Siemianówka and Czorsztyn Reservoirs) on streamflow alteration. Both the assessment based on gauged streamflow (Before-After design) and the one based on simulated natural streamflow showed large alterations in selected flow statistics related to magnitude, duration, high and low flow pulses and rate of change. Some benefits of using a large-scale and high-resolution hydrological model for the assessment of streamflow alteration include: (1) providing an alternative or complementary approach to the classical Before-After designs, (2) isolating the climate variability effect from the dam (or any other source of alteration) effect, (3) providing a practical tool that can be applied at a range of spatial scales over large area such as a country, in a uniform way. Thus, presented approach can be applied for designing more natural flow regimes, which is crucial for river and floodplain ecosystem restoration in the context of the European Union's policy on environmental flows.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Recycling and Reuse -- Examination of Soil Improvement with Reused Tires and Pets -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- References -- An Appraisal of Domestic Wastewater Segregation from the Perspective of Recovery, Recycling, and Reuse -- Introduction -- Segregation of Domestic Wastewater and Segregated Streams -- An Overview of Recovery/Recycling/Reuse of Materials and Energy from Segregated Streams -- Recovering Water from Gray Water -- Recovering Plant Nutrients from Yellow Water -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Beneficial Use of Dredged Materials in Geotechnical Engineering -- Introduction -- Dredging of Sediments -- Dredged Sediment Management -- Disposal of Dredged Sediments -- Beneficial Use of Dredged Sediments -- Evaluation of the Suitability of Dredged Sediments for Beneficial Use -- Possible Beneficial Use Options for Dredged Sediments According to Contamination Levels -- Possible Beneficial Use Options for Coarse and Fine-Grained Materials -- Beneficial Use of Sediments in Geotechnical Engineering Applications -- Road and Rail Embankments and Beds -- Beach Nourishment -- Construction and Raising of Coastal Lands -- Habitat Creation or Restoration -- Execution of Dams and Embankments -- Strip Mine Reclamation -- Landfill Daily Covers and Capping Material -- Parks and Recreation -- Geotechnical Properties and Beneficial Use of Dredged Sediments -- Conclusions -- References -- University Students' Recycling Behavior and Attitudes Toward the Disposal of Solid Wastes -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results -- Recycling and University Students: How Do University Students Dispose of Potentially Recyclable Wastes (Paper and Cardboard, Glass, Metal Can, Etc.)?.

Riverscapes are complex, landscape-scale mosaics of connected river and stream habitats embedded in diverse ecological and socioeconomic settings. Social–ecological interactions among stakeholders often complicate natural-resource conservation and management of riverscapes. The management challenges posed by the conservation and restoration of wild salmonid populations in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) of western North America are one such example. Because of their ecological, cultural, and socioeconomic importance, salmonids present a complex management landscape due to interacting environmental factors (eg climate change, invasive species) as well as socioeconomic and political factors (eg dams, hatcheries, land-use change, transboundary agreements). Many of the problems in the CRB can be linked to social–ecological interactions occurring within integrated ecological, human–social, and regional–climatic spheres. Future management and conservation of salmonid populations therefore depends on how well the issues are understood and whether they can be resolved through effective communication and collaboration among ecologists, social scientists, stakeholders, and policy makers.

Until only a few decades ago, many of the structures which today form the focus of so much attention were not even considered 'cultural' enough or worthy of both study and preservation. As late as 1977, J. R. Hale, the renowned renaissance fortification historian, could still write that 'in the main stream of architectural history, fortifications [were] accorded but a fitful or embarrassed attention'. Fortunately, however, the situation has changed over the past years and there is now no denying the fact that interest in historical castles and fortifications has increased significantly. A cursory search on the internet is enough to reveal the myriad of papers, articles, books and dedicated journals that are published each year on this subject and the extensive number of websites and organizations that have sprung up all around the world to promote the conservation, restoration, and interpretation of historic forts and fortifications. The last few decades have also seen hundreds of defensive works being restored and opened up to the public across the world, attracting an ever-increasing and discerning class of visitors intent on experiencing and exploring these intriguing monuments from the past. ; peer-reviewed

За последние десятилетия миграционные процессы обрели глобальный характер. Резкое увеличение масштабов миграционных потоков было обусловлено процессами глобализации и, прежде всего, экономическими обстоятельствами. Перемещение рабочей силы из государств «третьего мира» туда, где на рынке труда ощущается дефицит предложения рабочей силы, повышало степень взаимозависимости и взаимовлияния обществ и стран. Одним из важнейших центров притяжения мигрантов стала Западная Европа. В послевоенный период её потребности в иностранной рабочей силе для восстановления разрушенного хозяйства способствовали началу массовой миграции в регион. Особую актуальность проблема приёма иммигрантов, прежде всего, из мусульманских стран, приобрела для бывших колониальных держав, в частности Великобритании, Франции, Нидерландов. Не обошла эта проблема и Германию, для послевоенного восстановления которой требовалось большое количество рабочих. Германия и по сей день является мощным «магнитом», притягивающим к себе иммигрантов концентрация приезжих в этой стране ежегодно увеличивается. Несмотря на предпринимаемые немецким правительством шаги по устранению изоляции мусульман в немецком обществе, эти усилия не приносят ожидаемых плодов. Большинство мусульман Германии живёт в своих замкнутых мирках, будучи оторванными от светской общественной жизни. С укрупнением различных этно-конфессиональных сообществ в стране появилась угроза разрушения общегерманской общности. Проблема регулирования миграционных потоков является актуальной в политических дискуссиях как в ЕС, так и в Германии. Всё большее число иммигрантов прибывает в страны ЕС, и, по всей видимости, такая тенденция сохранится в дальнейшем. Опасения вызывает быстрый рост мусульман, число которых в почти 400-миллионной Западной Европе, по некоторым данным, варьируется от 20 до 24 млн человек. Формирование закрытых этнических общин и провоцируемая этим маргинализация части иммигрантов тяжелейшая социальная проблема для принимающих стран, мешающая интеграции мусульман в европейское общество. На фоне постоянно растущего иммиграционного потока особый характер приобретает проблема старения и депопуляции коренного населения в странах ЕС. ; The past two-three decades can be characterized by the period of global migration and sharp jump of migratory streams is connected with globalization and with the economic factor, generating labor movement behind resources from Third World countries to the countries with deficiency of labor. The desire to receive comfort life becomes the major reason, and the migrant makes the decision being guided by private interest more often instead of external factors. Western Europe became one of the most important center of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war, laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Globalization of migratory streams, penetration of foreign culture groups into structure of accepting society and prevalence of multicultural, multiethnic societies are important characteristics of a modern era. Western Europe became one of the most important centers of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period, the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Special relevance the problem of reception of immigrants, in particular from the Muslim countries, got for the former colonial powers, in particular Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands. Germany also faced this problem; migrants workers from other countries were required for the post-war restoration. Now Germany still is one of the main centers of an attraction of migrants, and concentration of them in this country annually increases. Despite the steps taken by the German government on elimination of Muslim isolation in the German society, its efforts did not bear fruits so far. The majority of Muslims live their life and are still torn off from high life of the country. A possible threat of destruction of the German community appeared when the various ethnic groups appeared in the country.

"Many cities across the globe are rediscovering their rivers. After decades or even centuries of environmental decline and cultural neglect, waterfronts have been vamped up and become focal points of urban life again; hidden and covered streams have been daylighted while restoration projects have returned urban rivers in many places to a supposedly more natural state. This volume traces the complex and winding history of how cities have appropriated, lost, and regained their rivers. But rather than telling a linear story of progress, the chapters of this book highlight the ambivalence of these developments. The four sections in Rivers Lost, Rivers Regained discuss how cities have gained control and exerted power over rivers and waterways far upstream and downstream; how rivers and floodplains in cityscapes have been transformed by urbanization and industrialization; how urban rivers have been represented in cultural manifestations, such as novels and songs; and how more recent strategies work to redefine and recreate the place of the river within the urban setting. At the nexus between environmental, urban, and water histories, Rivers Lost, Rivers Regained points out how the urban-river relationship can serve as a prime vantage point to analyze fundamental issues of modern environmental attitudes and practices"--Provided by publisher

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Executive Summary -- How to Use This Book -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Guidebook -- 1. Process -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing -- Phase 4: Implementation -- Notes -- References -- 2. Assets -- First Asset: Land -- Second Asset: Community -- Third Asset: Environment -- Notes -- References -- 3. Social Impacts -- Social Equity Aspects of Regeneration -- Managing the Potential Undesirable Impacts of Urban Regeneration: Gentrification and Loss of Social Capital -- Final Words -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Case Studies -- 4. Puerto Madero: Regenerating a Port Area in the Historic District of Buenos Aires -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementation -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 5. Santiago's Repopulation Program: A Successful Strategy for Regenerating a Shrinking City -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementation -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 6. Shanghai: Regenerating a Historic Neighborhood through Commercial Development -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementing -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 7. Ahmedabad: Reclaiming the Sabarmati Riverfront -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementation -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 8. Seoul: Downtown Regeneration through Restoration of the Cheonggyecheon Stream -- Introduction -- Context and Background.

Across the West, corporate timber companies continue to divest lands as their real estate values increase. This transition presents a great opportunity for conservation. In 2004, working with partners through the Blackfoot Challenge, The Nature Conservancy purchased roughly 89,000 acres from Plum Creek Timber Company in the upper Blackfoot watershed. In 2008, The Conservancy purchased another 310,586 acres throughout the Southern Crown of the Continent in what is known as the Montana Legacy Project. The Clearwater-Blackfoot Project builds on this earlier work with communities, organizations, and government agencies to conserve northwest Montana's natural and cultural heritage. In January, The Nature Conservancy purchased 117,152 acres of Plum Creek lands in the lower Blackfoot River Valley, constituting all of the company's remaining holdings in the watershed. Clearwater-Blackfoot Project lands provide critical habitat for threatened Canada lynx and grizzly bears and are regularly traversed by wolverines. The streams provide habitat for Westslope cutthroat and bull trout while the forests, meadows and wetlands support a diversity of birds and other wildlife species. Generations of people have worked and played in these mountains and high valleys. While decades of timber harvest have left the forest in need of rest and restoration, this area can continue to contribute to future resource economies. Ultimately, these lands will be conveyed into a mix of federal, state and private ownership following a community-based process with the Blackfoot Challenge to identify the best possible permanent outcomes for these lands for both conservation and the rural way of life.