Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of restoration of a stream section. The starting point of the multiple-step assessment process was a historical analysis, which resulted in the definition of different sections within the study area, providing a base for the further restoration goals. The assessment of the current conditions was elaborated particularly to determine those factors, which could limit restoration. These assessments cover the land use pattern, furthermore the analysis of vegetation and habitat patches. As a result of the historical analysis, it has been found that the stream side habitat patches have decreased significantly despite the constant space available. This change was not caused by the increased area of the settlement, but rather by the higher dominancy of arable forms of land use. The greatest share of wet and mesic meadows and agricultural habitats in the study areas, covering 57.5% of the total area, indicates significant anthropogenic effects. Consequently it can be stated that the reference conditions are not the only determining factors of the restoration possibilities. Restoration style and intensity have been defined on basis of all assessed factors.

Front Cover -- Table of contents -- Preface -- 1. Geomorphology of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau -- 2. Fluvial processes of incised rivers in Tibet -- 3. Meandering rivers in Sanjiangyuan -- 4. Wetlands and wetland shrinkage -- 5. Desertification and restoration strategies -- 6. Erosion and vegetation -- 7. Aquatic ecology -- Back Cover

Alderson Creek (AC) is a small stream, approximately 2.4 km long, located about 100 kilometers from Kelowna, British Columbia. It passes through seven private properties that produce alfalfa-grass hay, raise cattle, horses and poultry. The creek and riparian corridor is substantially degraded, with sinking stream banks, siltation of the watercourse, loss of native riparian vegetation, and loss of fish habitat (Alderson Creek Remediation Plan, 2014). Channelization of the stream, lack of maintenance, as well as other inadequate management practices, have resulted in permanently flooded farmland (10.4 acre), cases of animals drowning in one part of the creek (due to unrestricted access for cattle) and disease problems such as foot rot for animals that are frequently in wet conditions. In 2014, landowners along the creek formed a non-profit society called the "Alderson Creek Restoration Environmental Society" (ACRES) to cooperatively address issues resulting from the state of the creek. In the same year, the proposal for a Group Environmental Farm Plan (GEFP) was submitted to BC Government. The plan proposed a set of solutions including fencing to keep cattle out of the creek, installing off-stream livestock watering and/or controlled livestock access to the stream, installing additional drainage infrastructure and planting natural vegetation to support the stream bank and provide shading and habitat. This document presents an accounting of the costs and benefits of the project. Some of these costs and benefits are experienced by the land owners themselves, while others impact the larger community. Riparian corridors in particular provide extensive environmental services which include water flow regulation, attractive visual aesthetics, and habitat for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. This study relies on the Benefit Transfer methodology to attach values to the expected ecosystem services after the restoration. The analysis was conducted for two possible project scenarios, a three meter and a five meter riparian buffer on either side of the creek. The lifetime of the project was taken to be 20 years and the net benefits (Benefits – Costs) were discounted using a 3% and 5% discount rate. Results showed positive net benefits for both scenarios when cash flows are discounted at 3%. Results suggest that a five meter riparian buffer results in the largest net benefit, calculated as Net Present Value (NPV= $53,422). With a three meter riparian buffer and using a 5% discount rate, net benefits are negative (NPV= - $5,865). The internal rate of return (IRR) for the three and five meter buffer scenarios was 4.64% and 5.41% respectively. ; Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences (Okanagan) ; Land and Food Systems, Faculty of ; Economics, Philosophy and Political Science, Department of (Okanagan) ; Unreviewed ; Faculty ; Graduate

The objective of this study was to apply a previously developed large-scale and high-resolution SWAT model of the Vistula and the Odra basins, calibrated with the focus of natural flow simulation, in order to assess the impact of three different dam reservoirs on streamflow using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). A tailored spatial calibration approach was designed, in which calibration was focused on a large set of relatively small non-nested sub-catchments with semi-natural flow regime. These were classified into calibration clusters based on the flow statistics similarity. After performing calibration and validation that gave overall positive results, the calibrated parameter values were transferred to the remaining part of the basins using an approach based on hydrological similarity of donor and target catchments. The calibrated model was applied in three case studies with the purpose of assessing the effect of dam reservoirs (Włocławek, Siemianówka and Czorsztyn Reservoirs) on streamflow alteration. Both the assessment based on gauged streamflow (Before-After design) and the one based on simulated natural streamflow showed large alterations in selected flow statistics related to magnitude, duration, high and low flow pulses and rate of change. Some benefits of using a large-scale and high-resolution hydrological model for the assessment of streamflow alteration include: (1) providing an alternative or complementary approach to the classical Before-After designs, (2) isolating the climate variability effect from the dam (or any other source of alteration) effect, (3) providing a practical tool that can be applied at a range of spatial scales over large area such as a country, in a uniform way. Thus, presented approach can be applied for designing more natural flow regimes, which is crucial for river and floodplain ecosystem restoration in the context of the European Union's policy on environmental flows.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Executive Summary -- How to Use This Book -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Guidebook -- 1. Process -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing -- Phase 4: Implementation -- Notes -- References -- 2. Assets -- First Asset: Land -- Second Asset: Community -- Third Asset: Environment -- Notes -- References -- 3. Social Impacts -- Social Equity Aspects of Regeneration -- Managing the Potential Undesirable Impacts of Urban Regeneration: Gentrification and Loss of Social Capital -- Final Words -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Case Studies -- 4. Puerto Madero: Regenerating a Port Area in the Historic District of Buenos Aires -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementation -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 5. Santiago's Repopulation Program: A Successful Strategy for Regenerating a Shrinking City -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementation -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 6. Shanghai: Regenerating a Historic Neighborhood through Commercial Development -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementing -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 7. Ahmedabad: Reclaiming the Sabarmati Riverfront -- Introduction -- Context and Background -- Phase 1: Scoping -- Phase 2: Planning -- Phase 3: Financing and Implementation -- Outcomes and Impacts -- Notes -- References -- People Interviewed -- 8. Seoul: Downtown Regeneration through Restoration of the Cheonggyecheon Stream -- Introduction -- Context and Background.

[EN] During the 1960 and 1970 decades the hydrological infrastructure of our country was developed, and that meant the building of reservoirs. This supposed the flooding of several hectares of terrain that contained part of our cultural heritage. Given the period in which these works were carried out, when the cultural heritage was not under the same consideration than nowadays, no great projects of research and preservation of heritage were developed. In the current time we find a heritage in severe risk of definitive loss, together with a lack of risk assessment policies and a legislation that lacks of the specific necessities that this heritage needs. Face to the new normative situation for the preservation of subaquatic cultural heritage during the last decades, the Autonomous region of Extremadura stated the need for protecting this heritage, but up to the date no effective dispositions have been taken. Archaeological research projects and restoration projects of bridges have been conducted in the affected areas. This thesis analyses the archaeological heritage located in the basin of Tagus River in Extremadura, excluding the rest of typologies of heritage and other areas in the region that hold this type of heritage, as it provides enough evidence for its elaboration. The extension of the studies to other secondary streams, other river basins or other type of heritage can serve as study cases for other future projects of documentation. We think that the first measure to be considered to cover the insufficiencies that the preservation of this heritage evidence is the elaboration of a document that gathers all the affected archaeological sites in the reservoirs of the Tagus River basin in Extremadura. This document should be a catalogue or inventory that gathers as much information as possible about the sites (bibliography, coordinates, degree of preservation, etc) to serve as a basis for the elaboration of future and welcomed programs for the recording and preservation of the subaquatic archaeological ...