Suchergebnisse

Candida auris is a pathogenic fungus that causes infections in people with weakened immune
systems. It is resistant to antimicrobial drugs, which complicates treatment. C. auris poses a
serious threat to public health, as it has a high resistance and contagiousness. The ribosome plays
an important role in the survival and development of this infection, and the search for inhibitors of the C. auris ribosome is of great importance. We used cryoelectron microscopy and single
particle analysis to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the C. auris ribosome. We describe
the architecture of the ribosome subunits and their interactions, providing valuable information
for the development of novel anti-fungals against C. auris.

At the present stage of the development of linguistic science within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm, many scientists most often consider language units in the linguocognitive and linguocultural aspects, which form the two dominant approaches in the research devoted to the problems of cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics is currently one of the fastest developing and most promising areas of modern Russian linguistics. The article considers in detail the linguocognitive approach to the study of the concept. The author presents the most common definitions of the key term of cognitive linguistics within the framework of the linguocognitive approach — the concept. The paper presents and defines the key terms of linguocognitive science, namely, "concept", "conceptosphere", "cognitive base", "conceptual differential feature", "conceptual classification feature". The article also displays several typologies of concepts within the framework of the considered approach (representation, scheme, frame, concept, script, gestalt). The article presents a brief overview of modern methods of concept research: the procedure of semantic-cognitive research, the method of frame analysis, conceptual mapping, content analysis. The author of the article suggests two approaches to the analysis of the structure and functioning of the concept within the framework of the linguocognitive approach: static (non-discursive) and dynamic (discursive). In the first case, idiographic sources and the separate usages of concepts in various discourses are studied, and in the second, the concept is studied in line with the dynamic approach, when concepts are considered as phenomena of the dynamic level of interaction of language, consciousness, discourse, characterized by the potentiality of meanings and receiving certainty only at the discursive level, in the conditions of interaction of all these components.

The crisis of modern competitiveness model of Russian economy, particularly acute after the introduction of financial and technological sanctions, requires the search for new concepts of long-term development. In accordance with the basic laws of dialectics, this task can be solved only on the basis of historical experience. The article provides a retrospective analysis of Russian models of national development, the features of which must be critically interpreted. To achieve this goal, the work identifies positive and negative characteristics of the Russian experience in improving the competitiveness of the economy in the years 1820–1991. The author offers recommendations concerning the formation of a new model of the Russian economy's development on the basis of ensuring national self-sufficiency. The results of the work can be used in elaborating national programs for long-term development of the economy. Among the basic elements it is necessary to highlight the priority development of industry based on cluster approach, ensuring the import independence of the economy and ample beneficial use of national resources.

The article analyzes the category of "integration" from the point of view of its research as a social process. To understand the essence of the integration process, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization of data are used. To begin with, an attempt is made to define the conceptual basis of this concept.
The analysis of the scientific literature showed that the research interest in social integration is observed both among the classics and contemporaries studying society. This problem is raised in the works of Spencer, Durkheim, Sorokin, Mikhailovsky, Giddens, and others. It should be noted that for sociologists who study integration processes, understanding when in the development of a social system integration acts as a social result, and when as a process is a priority.
As a result of the study, it was revealed that social integration is dual and has two distinctive characteristics: it can act both as a result and as a process. It was also determined that the fundamental and unifying concept of many approaches is the "connection", used in the context of the interdependence and interdependence of different parts that connect into a complete system. In addition, the analysis of the main scientific approaches showed that social integration as a process has the following characteristic features: the interaction of two or more subjects that previously had their own vector of development, having their own resources and potential; the formation of various types of interactions between subjects aimed at achieving a single/common goal by combining resources and potential; the association of subjects allows you to get a new quality that separately could not be obtained.

The purpose of the paper is to present obstacles in the translation process of Russian and Polish penal codes. Both texts are characterized by a particular register and structure that are regulated by separate laws in both countries. The paper also gives an account of selected differences in macro and micro text structures of the given material. The result to emerge from comparative analysis is that ignoring formal guidelines in the translation process of codification acts may lead to style distortion, that is to say to a translation mistake. On the question of structure and semantics of legal instruments, this study shows that a knowledge of legislative technique is of significant importance for a translator.

The goal of the paper is to study the entrepreneurial intentions and activities of schoolchildren in Nizhny Novgorod, to identify their needs in developing entrepreneurial skills. The questionnaire is based on the questions of the international research questionnaire GUESSS. For measuring entrepreneurial intentions we used the test of Bass that assesses focus of a person on a task, on communication or on oneself. The questionnaire was distributed to schoolchildren from different schools and districts of the city. On the whole 330 respondents participated in our survey. The results showed that 51% of the schoolchildren think about the career of entrepreneur. The positive attitude towards entrepreneurial activity was identified. Schoolchildren need for in-depth mastering of various skills, obtaining more information about entrepreneurship. Unfortunately, schools rarely provide an opportunity for their schoolchildren to receive knowledge about business environment, to carry out any project activities in order to develop their entrepreneurial ideas.

Статья рассматривает изучение англицизмов в современных итальянских медиатекстах, а также их характеристики и прагматический потенциал. Актуальность исследования заключается в проведении когнитивного анализа семантики и прагматики англицизмов и установлении когнитивных и прагматических правил их использования в сообщениях средств массовой информации. Автор изучал архивы трех основных национальных итальянских широкоформатных газет и электронные корпусы английского и итальянского языков, применяя описательный метод, а также сравнительный и стилистический анализ, контекстуальный и прагматический анализ. На основании проведенных исследований был сделан вывод о том, что журналисты используют заимствования для введения новых денотативных значений и для возбуждения определенных эмоций и чувств у потенциальных читателей. Современные итальянские медиатексты передают личное сообщение автора, в котором коннотация и денотат заимствованного термина отличны от коннотации и денотата, принятых в языке-доноре. Основной причиной заимствований в итальянской прессе является тенденция заполнить имеющиеся лакуны иностранными понятиями и тегами. Автор пришел к заключению, что подавляющая часть заимствований относится к сфере политики, экономики, труда, коммерции, информационных технологий, моды, индустрии развлечений, музыки и спорта.
This article considers the study of Anglicisms in contemporary Italian media texts as well as their characteristics and pragmatic potential. The relevance of the research lies in the implementation of cognitive analysis of semantics and pragmatics of Anglicisms and identifying cognitive and pragmatic rules of their use in modern Italian media reports. Having applied descriptive method, comparative and stylistic analyses, contextual and pragmatic analyses, the author attempted to research the archives of three national broadsheet newspapers and web-based English and Italian corpora. Journalists use borrowings for introducing new denotative meanings and evoking certain emotions and feelings of the potential readership. Contemporary Italian media text transmits a personal message of an author that is distinguished from the proper connotation and denotation of a term used in a source language. The principal motives for borrowings' use in the Italian press comprise the tendency to fill the gaps with foreign labels and tags. It was concluded that the majority of the borrowings are attributed to the sphere of politics, economy, labour and commerce, information technologies, fashion, entertainment, music, and sport.

The article offers the evaluation of investment performance in stock markets, money markets, product markets and others. The comparison is based on the «Return-Risk» Model grounded on the fundamental principles of H. Markowitz's portfolio analysis. The quantitative comparison is conducted on return-risk ratio as well as return-risk variability intervals. In the formed group of leaders, the return-risk ratio was minimal (0,12) for the money market, and maximal (0,43) for the US stock market. The patterns in focus were grouped as follows: 1. High risk aversion: US branch analysis, currency index models, currency index models (sell) and intercontinental branch analysis.2. Medium risk aversion: US stock market, world stick indexes, precious metals market and exchange goods as a whole.3. Low risk aversion: Russia's stock market. The practical evaluation of «Return-Risk» Models received for various investment patterns proved their practical validity. The empirical estimators of investment horizons computed for various groups of investment tools are of practical use.