Suchergebnisse

George M. Miller, chairman. ; "This report was prepared with the aid of Works Progress Administration project number 274, with Dr. Hugh M. Woodward as supervisor." ; On cover: . Report of Sub-committee on education to the governor and state Legislature. December 1936 . ; At head of title: State of Utah. Investigating committee of Utah governmental units. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Crown Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ; Exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] may occur in several occupational activities, e.g., welding, Cr(VI) electroplating and other surface treatment processes. The aim of this study was to provide EU relevant data on occupational Cr(VI) exposure to support the regulatory risk assessment and decision-making. In addition, the capability and validity of different biomarkers for the assessment of Cr(VI) exposure were evaluated. The study involved nine European countries and involved 399 workers in different industry sectors with exposures to Cr(VI) such as welding, bath plating, applying or removing paint and other tasks. We also studied 203 controls to establish a background in workers with no direct exposure to Cr(VI). We applied a cross-sectional study design and used chromium in urine as the primary biomonitoring method for Cr(VI) exposure. Additionally, we studied the use of red blood cells (RBC) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for biomonitoring of exposure to Cr(VI). Personal measurements were used to study exposure to inhalable and respirable Cr(VI) by personal air sampling. Dermal exposure was studied by taking hand wipe samples. The highest internal exposures were observed in the use of Cr(VI) in electrolytic bath plating. In stainless steel welding the internal Cr exposure was clearly lower when compared to plating activities. We observed a high correlation between chromium urinary levels and air Cr(VI) or dermal total Cr exposure. Urinary chromium showed its value as a first approach for the assessment of total, internal exposure. Correlations between urinary chromium and Cr(VI) in EBC and Cr in RBC were low, probably due to differences in kinetics and indicating that these biomonitoring approaches may not be interchangeable but rather complementary. This study showed that occupational biomonitoring studies can be conducted successfully by multi-national collaboration and provide relevant information to support policy actions aiming to reduce occupational exposure to chemicals. ; publishersversion ; published

"June 3, 1980." ; At head of title: 96th Congress, 2d session. Senate Committee print, no. 25. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-181). ; Mode of access: Internet.

Background Despite an overall reduction in suicide, educational disparities in suicide have not decreased over the last decade. The mechanisms behind educational disparities in suicide, however, remain unclear: low educational status may increase the risk of suicide ("causation") or low educational status and suicide may share confounders. This paper assesses whether educational disparities in suicide (EDS) are more likely to be due to causation. Method The DEMETRIQ study collected and harmonized register-based data on mortality follow-up from forty population censuses from twelve European populations. More than 102,000 suicides were registered over 392 million person-years. Three analyses were carried out. First, we applied an instrumental variable approach that exploits changes in the legislation on compulsory educational age to instrument educational status. Second, we analyzed EDS by age under the hypothesis that increasing EDS over the life cycle supports causation. Finally, we compared EDS in men and women under the assumption that greater EDS in women would support causation. Findings The instrumental variable analysis showed no evidence for causation between higher education and suicide, for men or women. The life-cycle analysis showed that the decrease of educational inequalities in suicide between the baseline 1991 period and the 2001 follow-up period was more pronounced and statistically significant in the first three younger age groups. The gender analysis indicated that EDS were systematic and greater in men than in women: the rate ratio of suicide for men with low level of education (RR = 2.51; 95% CI:2.44–2.58) was higher than the rate ratio in women (RR = 1.32; 95CI%:1.26–1.38). Interpretation Overall, there was little support for the causation hypothesis, suggesting that the association between education and suicide is confounded. Educational inequalities in suicide should be addressed in early life by early targeting of groups who struggle to complete their education and display higher risk of mental disorder or of mental health vulnerabilities. ; publishersversion ; published

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs." ; "October 1978." ; At head of title: 95th Congress, 2d session. House committee print no. 169. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 78 H762-20 ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Copyright © 2021 Suri, Bulte, Chiesa, Ebmeier, Jezzard, Rieger, Pitt, Griffanti, Okell, Craig, Chappell, Blockley, Kivimäki, Singh-Manoux, Khir, Hughes, Deanfield, Jensen, Green, Sigutova, Jansen, Zsoldos and Mackay. Background: It is well-established that what is good for the heart is good for the brain. Vascular factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, and genetic factors such as the apolipoprotein E4 allele increase the risk of developing both cardiovascular disease and dementia. However, the mechanisms underlying the heart–brain association remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that impairments in vascular phenotypes and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) may play an important role in cognitive decline. The Heart and Brain Study combines state-of-the-art vascular ultrasound, cerebrovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive testing in participants of the long-running Whitehall II Imaging cohort to examine these processes together. This paper describes the study protocol, data pre-processing and overarching objectives. Methods and Design: The 775 participants of the Whitehall II Imaging cohort, aged 65 years or older in 2019, have received clinical and vascular risk assessments at 5-year-intervals since 1985, as well as a 3T brain MRI scan and neuropsychological tests between 2012 and 2016 (Whitehall II Wave MRI-1). Approximately 25% of this cohort are selected for the Heart and Brain Study, which involves a single testing session at the University of Oxford (Wave MRI-2). Between 2019 and 2023, participants will undergo ultrasound scans of the ascending aorta and common carotid arteries, measures of central and peripheral blood pressure, and 3T MRI scans to measure CVR in response to 5% carbon dioxide in air, vessel-selective cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebrovascular lesions. The structural and diffusion MRI scans and neuropsychological battery conducted at Wave MRI-1 will also be repeated. Using this extensive life-course data, the Heart and Brain Study will examine how 30-year trajectories of vascular risk throughout midlife (40–70 years) affect vascular phenotypes, cerebrovascular health, longitudinal brain atrophy and cognitive decline at older ages. Discussion: The study will generate one of the most comprehensive datasets to examine the longitudinal determinants of the heart–brain association. It will evaluate novel physiological processes in order to describe the optimal window for managing vascular risk in order to delay cognitive decline. Ultimately, the Heart and Brain Study will inform strategies to identify at-risk individuals for targeted interventions to prevent or delay dementia. ; The Heart and Brain Study is funded by a UK Alzheimer's Society Research Fellowship to SS (Grant Reference: 441). This study was also supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences/the Wellcome Trust/the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy/the British Heart Foundation/Diabetes UK Springboard Award to SS (SBF006\1078). The pilot study was funded by the Oxford Alzheimer's Research UK Thames Valley Network Pilot Project Grant to SS. Work on this study receives institutional support from the UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN). The WIN was supported by core funding from the Wellcome Trust (203139/Z/16/Z). The Whitehall II study was supported by the British Heart Foundation (RG/16/11/32334), UK Medical Research Council (MR/K013351/1 and MR/R024227/1 to MK), the US National Institute on Aging (RF1AG062553 and R01AG056477 to MK and AS-M), "Adult Determinants of Late Life Depression, Cognitive Decline and Physical Functioning – The Whitehall II Ageing Study" (MR/K013351/1; PI: MK), and "The Whitehall II Study: A Core Resource for Ageing Research" (MR/R024227/1; PI: MK). The Whitehall II Imaging Sub-study was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) grants "Predicting MRI abnormalities with longitudinal data of the Whitehall II Sub-study" (G1001354; PI KE; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03335696). The authors report the following additional funding: STC: BHF (PG/18/45/33814 and PG/19/31/34343), KE and EZ (HDH Wills 1965 Charitable Trust (1117747), and the European Commission (Horizon 2020 grant "Lifebrain", 732592), MK [UK MRC (MR/K013351/1, MR/R024227/1, and MR/S011676/1), National Institute on Aging (NIH), US (R01AG056477), NordForsk (75021), Academy of Finland (311492), Helsinki Institute of Life Science Fellowship (H970)], LG [Monument Trust Discovery Award from Parkinson's UK (J-1403), the MRC Dementias Platform UK (MR/L023784/2) and the NIHR Oxford Health BRC], AS-M [NIH (R01AG056477 and R01AG062553)], MAC and MC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council UK (EP/P012361/1), MJ [grants from the Disciplinary Honours program of the Radboud University and Alzheimer Nederland (WE.04-2019-64)]. TO was supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant number 220204/Z/20/Z). NB was supported by an Early Career Fellowship from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant number EP/K025716/1). PJ was supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. AH receives support from the British Heart Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union, the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, the UK Medical Research Council and works in a unit that receives support from the UK Medical Research Council.

Background and aims In the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden), the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is relatively low in the general population, but is much higher among people who inject drugs (PWID). We conducted an exploratory study to investigate the extent to which these countries have policies supporting key elements of the public health response that is necessary to achieve the global goal of eliminating HCV as a public health threat. Methods Fourteen stakeholders representing government agencies, medical societies, and civil society organisations (CSOs) in the Nordic countries completed a cross-sectional online survey that included 21 policy questions related to national coordination, prevention, testing, linkage to care, and treatment. We summarised the findings in a descriptive analysis, and noted discrepant responses from stakeholders within the same country. Results Stakeholders reported that three of the five study countries have national viral hepatitis strategies, while only Iceland has a national HCV elimination goal. The availability of harm reduction services varies, with opioid substitution therapy provided for the general population throughout all countries, but not needle and syringe programmes. No country has access to anonymous HCV testing in all parts of the country. National HCV treatment guidelines are available in all countries except Finland, and all countries provide publicly funded direct-acting antiviral treatment. Disagreement regarding policies was observed across countries, and CSOs were the stakeholder group that most frequently answered survey questions incorrectly. Conclusion The Nordic region as a whole has not consistently expressed its commitment to tackling HCV, despite the existence of large HCV epidemics among PWID in these countries. Stakeholder alignment and an established elimination goal with an accompanying strategy and implementation plan should be recognised as the basis for coordinated national public health efforts to achieve HCV elimination in the Nordic region and elsewhere. ; Peer reviewed

En este supuesto práctico, vamos a resolver la situación que se nos plantea y que es la siguiente: se trata de un alumno immigrante, procedente de China,que llega a nuestro centro y al que tenemos que hacerle una adaptación, puesto que no habla nada de Inglés y sus conocimientos de la lengua española son escasos. Se trata de un grupo de segundo curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Tendremos que plantearnos una metodología inclusiva atendiendo a la legislación vigente en esta materia. ; In this case study, we will have to solve or to give answer to a particular situation which is having an immigrant student in class. This is a possibility to give him/her proper accomodation. He/ she is from China and does speak English and speaks a little bit of Spanish. It is a group of Second year of Compulsory Secondary Education. In this case we wll follow an inclusive methodology according to our Spanish current legislation.

Funding from the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme. The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme, the UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), National Health Service or Department of Health. The TOPKAT study is funded by the NIHR HTA Programme (number HTA 08/14/08), sponsored by the University of Oxford, and supported by Oxford Surgical Intervention Trials Unit (SITU; supported by Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre) in the Royal College of Surgeons Surgical Trials Initiative. Study management was divided between the SITU (Oxford) and the Aberdeen trials centre, the Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials. JAC held a Medical Research Council Methodology Fellowship (G1002292) for part of the study. The Health Services Research Unit is core funded by the chief scientist office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. We would like to thank the principal investigators and their teams at each of the TOPKAT sites. The data collected for the study, including individual participant data and a data dictionary defining each field in the set, will be made available to researchers on request to the study team and with appropriate reason when accompanied by a peer-reviewed protocol, with publication and on agreement of the Trial Steering Committee. The shared data will be deidentified participant data. Data will be shared with investigator support, after approval of a proposal, with a signed data access agreement. The study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and informed consent form are available online. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Funding Information: Supported in part by a grant from the French government through the Programme Investissement d'Avenir (I-SITE ULNE) managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (coVAPid project). I.M.-L. has been supported by Science Foundation Ireland grant number 20/COV/0038. The funders of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing of the report, or decision to submit for publication. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 by the American Thoracic Society ; Rationale: Early empirical antimicrobial treatment is frequently prescribed to critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of early bacterial identification in intubated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, as compared with influenza pneumonia, and to characterize its microbiology and impact on outcomes. Methods: A multicenter retrospective European cohort was performed in 36 ICUs. All adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation > 48 hours were eligible if they had SARS-CoV-2 or influenza pneumonia at ICU admission. Bacterial identification was defined by a positive bacterial culture within 48 hours after intubation in endotracheal aspirates, BAL, blood cultures, or a positive pneumococcal or legionella urinary antigen test. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,050 patients were included (568 in SARS-CoV-2 and 482 in influenza groups). The prevalence of bacterial identification was significantly lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia compared with patients with influenza pneumonia (9.7 vs. 33.6%; unadjusted odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.30; adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.16-0.33; P,0.0001). Gram-positive cocci were responsible for 58% and 72% of coinfection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza pneumonia, respectively. Bacterial identification was associated with increased adjusted hazard ratio for 28-day mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.44; P =0.043). However, no significant difference was found in the heterogeneity of outcomes related to bacterial identification between the two study groups, suggesting that the impact of coinfection on mortality was not different between patients with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Conclusions: Bacterial identification within 48 hours after intubation is significantly less frequent in patients with SARSCoV-2 pneumonia than patients with influenza pneumonia. ; publishersversion ; published

Funding The project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (Project Number 07/60/18). The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the women who participated in the PROSPECT study. We also thank Margaret MacNeil for her secretarial support and data management, the programming team in CHaRT and the staff at the recruitment sites who facilitated the recruitment, treatment and follow up of study participants. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

"December 22, 1954." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

We acknowledge the support received via the NHS Scotland Support for Science scheme; the NIHR Renal and Ageing Comprehensive Research Networks; and the work of all of the research nurses, local investigators and study teams at sites; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit staff; and most importantly all those with kidney disease who participated in the trial. Professor Witham acknowledges support from the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre. In addition, we acknowledge the support and advice we received from the independent Trial Steering Committee members (Professor David Stott, Professor Patrick Mark, Professor Tahir Masud and Mr. Alex Stephen) and the independent Data Monitoring Committee (Professor Alex McConnachie, Professor David Wheeler, Dr. Nicosha de Souza, Professor Andrew Clegg). We also acknowledge the efforts of all the investigators, site research nurses and support teams. Funding The BiCARB trial was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme (project reference 10/71/01). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funder of the study had input into the study design via the original commissioning call specification. The funder had no other role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit. Disclaimer: The Health Services Research Unit and Health Economics Research Unit are core funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Description based on: 2007-01; title from cover. ; Each issue also has a distinctive title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Yearbooks from the Fort Defiance Study Club, including the Motto, Officers, Order of Business, Constitution, By-laws, and Club Calander, 1926-1933.BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The Day Family were anglo Indian traders, on the Navajo Reservation in eastern Arizona. The collection includes the personal and business papers of Sam Day, Sr. (1845-1925) surveyor, Indian trader, legislator and United States Indian Commissioner; Anna Day, Sam Sr.'s wife (1872-1932); and of their children, Charles L. Day (1879-1918), Samuel Day, Jr. (1889-1944), United States deputy Marshall. The collection includes information on Navajo culture, stories and legends; the looting of Canyon del Muerta, and the Frank Dugan murder. The collection also contains 91 photographs depicting trading posts and eastern Arizona scenes.