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The importance of tourism in the context of economic and demographic recovery of certain regions has created an image of tourism as a development catalyst. Thus strategies of revitalization in depopulated and passive regions often consider tourism as an activity that can speed up the development and successfully valorize existing natural, cultural and demographic potentials. This "key" is used mainly in the absence of other development resources since tourism valorizes issues that other industries ignore (landscape features, ethnical heritage, authentic folk architecture, etc). In addition it is more difficult to recommend the right forms of tourism to be developed in depopulated regions, as well as to estimate the resulting economic and demographic effects. To this end, there are success stories, but there is also evidence of non-rational initiatives and projects that were never completed. This paper attempts to discover the most logical links between population development and tourism development, based on some important characteristics of population development. The characteristics used are overall population increase, population migrations, population structures and changes in households. They were selected because they best reflect not only direct, but also indirect multiplicative effects of tourism. Along with the theoretical and methodological background, the research is also supported by selected examples, interviews, and demographic analyzes. The effects are not universal. They depend on the region, the kind of tourism and the degree of its development, the demographic situation as it is, and the research approach, since global and local effects need not necessarily be unidirectional. Population increase initiated by tourism development is achieved due to the migration component, but the effects are most obvious at the level of tourist regions and their tourist centers. One can also note counter processes in some places that have tourist function. The level of tourism development and social attitudes to tourism development determine the sense of perspective that makes people to move. The most direct effects are reflected in the restructuring of active population w.r.t. the existing industries and the domination of tertiary activities. The activity of women is increased, as well as their responsibilities in households. The most diverse effects of tourism factors are sublimed in households. Such effects are not possible with small-scale tourism that is the most appropriate one in depopulated regions. The effects are best reflected in strengthening of economic and social functions of households and in the increase of local industries and crafts, which can lead to population decrease.

Some survey data on books & reading habits in various countries are discussed ie, adult F's tend to read less then M's, but those with husbands who have a U degree read more than those with husbands who don't. European res into reading, as carried out chiefly in France, the Federal Republic of Germany & the Netherlands over the past 10 yrs has received no notice in the US. In 1956, 34% of Germans answered in a Gallup survey that they were reading a book or novel at the time of the survey, vs 17% of the Amer's questioned, but there is a mythical belief that Amer's read more than Europeans. Caution is advised in computer r'ing any series of figures with any other. More detailed statistics are needed & factor analyses must be made of motivations for reading. More psychol'al than sociol'al res may be required in the future; econ'ts & historians also have a vital contribution to make. It would be desirable that dispersed res be concentrated in the hands of instit's working in a continuous manner, nat'l ones, & at least 1 internat'l one. The main task there should be to promote comparability of the individual results from time to time, & map out an overall picture which could be particularly useful to developing countries. M. Maxfield.

This paper considers the interpretation of historicism and historical method that was given by a philosopher of science, Helmut Seifert. For this philosopher, the subject of study of historical science is comprehensive, and does not refer only to political history events, or the works of great men, but it refers to state institutions, churches, legal and economic systems, different languages that have become historical, all types of records and testimonies. The task of a historian (whom he compares with a criminologist), is to successfully discover the facts of the past, even when historical sources do not present them directly.

Editor's Note: The Department of Health, Education and Welfare has prepared amendments to regulations governing research on human subjects. The regulations were established in response to recommendations from the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedicai and Behavioral Research. These regulations are implemented by the institutional review boards established by colleges, universities and research institutes. The intent of the proposed amendments is admirable: to reduce the categories of research coming under federal control and review. But specific amendments could impose restrictions and difficulties upon political scientists conducting research projects or teaching their students to conduct research.The Association's Council's concerns about the proposed regulations was expressed in this resolution passed on August 30:While endorsing the important goal of protecting human subjects of research from abuse or injury, the APSA opposes any existing or proposed regulations or procedures relating to institutional review boards that would represent a threat to academic freedom or research or freedom of speech. The Council asks the Executive Director, in cooperation with other social science associations and higher education associations to prepare and present analysts of the implications of existing and proposed research regulations for political scientists and other social scientists.Ithiel de Sola Pool has prepared the following analysis of the proposed regulations in order to inform colleagues of their possible impact. Political scientists who share his concerns are invited to write to the Executive Director of the APSA and join in forming a Committee of Concern about Institutional Review Board Practices by writing to: Ithiel de Sola Pool, 105 Irving Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.The "Proposed Regulations Amending Basic HEW Policy for Protection of Human Research Subjects" which were published in the Federal Register of Tuesday, August 14, 1979, represent a substantial improvement over previous rules and draft rules, but are still grossly improper and unconstitutional.

Questions asked above are in fact questions about theoretical identity, explanative efficiency and scope of researches in the international relations science, undertaken attempts of answering them decide on particular complexity of the subject of researches, controversies around subjective scope of researches and research methods. Starting from the first serious, inter-paradigmatic debate at the turn of nineteen fiftiies and sixties, conducted by representatives of the realistic trend and new behavioural approach to the last debate from nineteen eighties and nineties, there has been lasting discussion on ontological and epistemological problems of the international relations science. However, it does not discourage researchers from continuing careful and considerable reflection on the condition of discipline and its place in the Pantheon of Science, and for sure it does not discourage them from deepening theoretical discourse on explanative efficiency of various theoretical approaches and their methodological correctness in the process of getting to know, as well as explaining world complexity at the turn of the 20th and 21st century and new gauntlets thrown down by the 21st century.

Today, in many countries around the world, the role of religion in the public sphere is strengthening. This causes the methodological problems of the theory of secularization, which claimed the gradual and irreversible decline of religion. At the same time, the processes of religious revival in societies that have undergone secularization do not lead to the restoration of religion in the forms that preceded it. To denote this state of society, which occurs after secularization, Jürgen Habermas proposed to use the term "post-secular". A number of both foreign and domestic scientists became interested in this issue. But the purposeful study of postsecularity is still in its infancy and is mostly descriptive. In the scientific works devoted to its research, insufficient attention is focused on specific characteristics of postsecular societies. Therefore, there is a need to generalize these characteristics in order to better understand post-secular society. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes some conceptual approaches to the study of postsecularity. These approaches argue that the "return" of religion does not preclude the preservation of a powerful (or even dominant) secularization cluster in society. Post-secularization is a move forward and the creation of a new system characterized by religious freedom, pluralism, competition between different denominations, rather than a return to the traditions of the pre-modern era. In a post-secular society, as the authors of the works analyzed in the article prove, religion has all the opportunities from secular power for its development. At the same time, there is a reduction in the role of religious institutions and the individualization of religious practices, ie the "privatization" of religion, which is an element of secularization. But this "privatization" is significantly different from secularization, because it is not due to coercion, but to pluralism of choice. According to many researchers, a post-secular situation is possible under the condition of ideological pluralism and parity between religious and non-religious people, when each party has the opportunity to propagate its opinion, but does not impose it, when there is no place for privileged and discriminated, but awareness of mutual coexistence. That is, post-secularity is possible only in democratic and legal societies. The post-secular situation is also characterized by religious competition, intensification of missionary work, manifestations of fundamentalism, globalization of religious piety, transformation of religion into a commodity and the emergence (mostly in the West) of the phenomenon used to refer to the term "spirituality". The situation of post-secularism is a situation of uncertainty, when it is not known how the processes of interaction between the secular and the religious will take place in the future, and it is impossible to make any predictions about how stable this situation is. As the analysis carried out in the article shows, the post-secular approach has not become a full-fledged theory, but is perceived mostly as a program of what should be paid attention to, as a certain correction and continuation of the secularization approach. But with its help, scientists are trying to describe religious processes in modern societies.

This article presents the contemporary situation regarding the National Research Act of 1974 that established the human research protection system to ensure the rights of human participants in biomedical & behavioral research. In recent years, national advisory bodies, federal agencies, & the US Congress have attempted to address key concerns in the human subjects protection arena. The authors provide an overview of the current actors & activities, their recommendations, & an analysis of the current situation & future prospects. 13 References. E. Sanchez

A point of departure for this study was an observation that, in political sciences, much more often the focus is on the phenomena happening in the political centres of European states than on those taking place in their regions. The foregoing, however, seems a serious impediment to further the knowledge on making political decisions and their practical implementation. When one follows closely the processes the countries of our continent go through, it is hard not to notice that the events unfolding in the regions more and more often, and to a much greater extent, impact the politics of both particular states and the structures of the unified Europe. Perfect exemplifications of the aforesaid assumption have been in the recent years Scotland and Catalonia. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to indicate principle reasons that would offer a compelling justification to investigate social, political, and economic phenomena occurring at the level of region in Europe.