Suchergebnisse

"At the end of the 12th century the 'victorious armies of Islam' finally succeed in the conquest of Northern India, of Hindustan. Turkish war-slaves erect the Sultanate of Delhi. Yet, for the next 150 years the new power of Islam is constantly threatened from three sides: The Delhi-Sultanate remains separated from the classical lands of Islam by a Mongol power and Mongol armies which constantly threaten 'Sindh and Hind' from the West. In the East prosperous but turbulent Bengal remains a hotbed of rebellions and seditions - by Afghan warlords and competitors of the throne. Every one of these attacks or disruptions can initiate tax-revolts and rural unrest over the length of Hindustan and the Ganges valley. These dangers directly interact with a 'meritocratic' style of government in which the coups, political assassination and intrigue are routine. Thus, external threats and the despotism at the centre combine to create a unique culture of cruelty - vis-à-vis the Hindus, renegades and competitors. In fact, cruelty becomes a 'total phenomenon'. It is part of the struggle for power, wealth, and prestige. It is an indispensable feature of the art of war, of statecraft and political science, of religion and aesthetics." (author's abstract)

"The Inclusion-Moderation Thesis: An Overview" published on by Oxford University Press.