The Caddo Indian peoples lived in parts of the four states of Arkansas (specifically southwest Arkansas), Louisiana (the northwestern part of the state), Oklahoma (the eastern region), and Texas (all of East Texas) from deep in prehistoric times until the early 1840s. They left behind an extensive archaeological record marked by important mound centers where the social and political elite lived and led community-wide rituals, ceremonies, and traditions; villages, hamlets, and farmsteads where the people carried out their daily lives; numerous cemeteries and burial grounds where the people were laid to rest following long-standing religious burial ceremonies; as well as salt-making sites, stone tool quarries, hunting camps, and other evidence of the Caddo people's use of the land long before Americans settled the region.
Delegations from 58 Latin American countries, the Caribbean and the EU met on the 28th and 29th of May in Guadalajara, Mexico. It was the third inter-regional summit since 1999 and the first following the eastern enlargement of the EU. Two topics were at the center of the diplomatic event: Multilateralism and Social Cohesion. Beyond the usual declarations of intent, the announcement that the EU-Mercosur Association Agreement, negotiated since 1999, would be signed in October, was the most important result in the field of cooperation. On the political level, the joint declaration to strengthen multilateralism within the framework of the United Nation reflected a European-Latin American consensus of values that favors a closer partnership in international politics. The results of the summit were not spectacular, but on the whole satisfactory. (SWP Comments / SWP)
The European Union has finally decided to hold membership negotiations with Turkey, scheduled to start on October 3, 2005. The EU Commission and the EU's leaders are now persuaded that Turkey has made sufficient progress on fulfilling the so-called 'Copenhagen Political criteria' regarding democracy, human rights and legal reforms. The European Parliament adopted the resolution for the opening of negotiations with Turkey on December 15, 2004. It has been a long road for Turkey, which first applied for full membership in 1959 and then signed an association agreement with the former EEC in 1963 with the object of becoming a member of the club in the foreseeable future. In 1989 the application for full membership was formally turned down. As outlined in the association agreement, Turkey entered the Customs Union in 1996 but without becoming a full member of the EU. Subsequently, Turkey was declared a candidate for entry at the EU summit meeting in Helsinki in 1999. It was agreed that 'Turkey was a candidate state destined to join the Union on the basis of the same criteria as applied to the other candidate states' and concluded that 'if Turkey fulfils the Copenhagen political criteria, the European Union will open accession negotiations with Turkey without delay'.
Considers events surrounding the US-Russian summit in Paris in May 1960. Includes discussion of impact of U-2 incident on U.S.-Soviet summit. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VII ; Considers events surrounding the US-Russian summit in Paris in May 1960. Includes discussion of impact of U-2 incident on U.S.-Soviet summit. ; Mode of access: Internet.
This report has attempted to review the development of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) dialogue forum and the future of Asia-Europe relations more generally. This area of studies is well underdeveloped, making both the research and the writing of this paper challenging and rewarding. As Asia and Europe are becoming key players in the new multipolar world order, ASEM will undoubtedly emerge as a major organisation. Indeed, ASEM is the only inter-regional forum of its kind. Its broad agenda includes global political and economical issues as well as social development and cultural understanding between the two regions. Discussion between the 4 7 members however remains informal and non-binding. Nevertheless, after 14 years of informal dialogue, the ASEM framework is at a turning point. Demands for concrete projects and cooperation are on the rise. Future developments of the process should consider the following recommendations. • Evolution to a trans-regional architecture in order to preserve each member states' sovereignty and national interests. In this framework, nations would be more likely to find a compromise and to cooperate with one another. • Institutionalisation of the ASEM process with the establishment of 'small secretariats'. These institutions are essential for agenda-setting and coordination of discussion during summits. It would also give ASEM a physical representation and help member states to move toward community-building. • Development of a comprehensive communication campaign to increase ASEM's visibility. On a global level, promotion of the ASEM within international institutions and national parliaments to increase awareness of the process. From a local perspective, organisation of joint public events, between the ASEF and Institutes of International Affairs, universities and other civil societies organisations, or between the AEBF and the business sector throughout Europe and Asia, would contribute to a stronger feeling of ownership. These recommendations suggest ways to improve mechanisms of the ASEM process that could help to dispel mistrust between its members and disorganisation of dialogue. If ASEM achieves coherence of its institutions and processes, ASEM would become the major contributor to community-building and constructive cooperation between Asia and Europe.
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the outcome of the 1996 World Food Summit, focusing on factors that could affect progress toward meeting world food security goals."
Key stakeholders from the cancer research continuum met in May 2021 at the European Cancer Research Summit in Porto to discuss priorities and specific action points required for the successful implementation of the European Cancer Mission and Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP). Speakers presented a unified view about the need to establish high‐quality, networked infrastructures to decrease cancer incidence, increase the cure rate, improve patient's survival and quality of life, and deal with research and care inequalities across the European Union (EU). These infrastructures, featuring Comprehensive Cancer Centres (CCCs) as key components, will integrate care, prevention and research across the entire cancer continuum to support the development of personalized/precision cancer medicine in Europe. The three pillars of the recommended European infrastructures – namely translational research, clinical/prevention trials and outcomes research – were pondered at length. Speakers addressing the future needs of translational research focused on the prospects of multiomics assisted preclinical research, progress in Molecular and Digital Pathology, immunotherapy, liquid biopsy and science data. The clinical/prevention trial session presented the requirements for next‐generation, multicentric trials entailing unified strategies for patient stratification, imaging, and biospecimen acquisition and storage. The third session highlighted the need for establishing outcomes research infrastructures to cover primary prevention, early detection, clinical effectiveness of innovations, health‐related quality‐of‐life assessment, survivorship research and health economics. An important outcome of the Summit was the presentation of the Porto Declaration, which called for a collective and committed action throughout Europe to develop the cancer research infrastructures indispensable for fostering innovation and decreasing inequalities within and between member states. Moreover, the Summit guidelines will assist decision making in the ...
En este artículo, escrito pocas semanas antes de su fallecimiento, el padre lbisate, como era su costumbre, pasa revista a las cumbres mundiales, en este caso, la Conferencia de Seguridad celebrada en Munich. En él, constata la grave contradicción de una Conferencia de Seguridad en la que participan los gobiernos más involucrados en guerras y agresiones a escala mundial, esto es, los que vuelven al mundo un lugar más inseguro. En vez de confundir seguridad con armamentismo y guerra, plantea Ibisate, es más racional construir la seguridad mundial asegurando una vida digna para todos los pueblos del mundo. ; In this essay, written a few weeks before his demise, father lbisate, as he used, reviews the world summits, in this case, the Conference on Security in Munich. The author states the outrageous contradiction of a Conference on Security in which the governments that make the world unsafe are the guests. lnstead of confusing security with warfare, poses lbisate, it is more rational to build world security ensuring a worthy life far all the people in the world.
The present paper will not venture into a thorough analysis of the historical data After all, what is the use of venturing to analyse statements of statesmen and government officials made "at times under special circumstances", when a short run consideration is apt to upset any rough conclusion. It is simply important that one should try and defect the overall outline and trends, the projection of events and consequences on the future - in other words the effect on the world of changes made, and what the new political and economic constellation of the world system actually is. Such a concept of the new status can lead to the confirmation of certain new parameters in the world system or of certain variables determining the margins within which countries and economies will function in the years to come. This system of new parameters and variables may restrict freedom of function, create a more monolithic international system with m
Expectations are high ahead of the NATO Summit to be held in Bucharest on 2-4 April 2008. The Bucharest Summit arrives at a very important moment in the Alliance's life. It will therefore have to contend with a wide array of momentous issues, and although not all of them will lend themselves to achieving a full consensus during the 2-4 April 2008 sessions, the promise of another meeting in 2009 will facilitate the partial solving of some of them with the prospect of a final solution just one year later.
Summitry, conducted at the highest level, has become an established part of diplomacy in the 20th and 21st centuries. Summit diplomacy means the regular meetings of heads of state or government, who acts in double legal status: on the one hand they are creators of state's foreign policy and are responsible for political decision-making; on the other hand they become diplomats responsible for execution of these decisions. The main features of contemporary summitry are: the frequency with which these meetings take place, the degree of their institutionalization and medialization. The articles identifies four different kinds of diplomatic summits: (1) regular summits held in the frame of international organizations, which could be meetings of their organs (European Council summits); (2) institutionalized regular summits which are not backed by any formal organization and are political-economic for a on their own (G7/8 summits); (3) ad hoc summits concerning specific international problems, organized by international organizations or states; (4) ceremonial summits. The article also analyzes advantages and disadvantages of summit diplomacy. ; Współcześnie nastąpił wzrost znaczenia tzw. dyplomacji na szczycie, prowadzonej przez głowy państw czy szefów rządów. Dyplomacja na szczycie to spotkanie głów państw lub szefów rządów, którzy posiadają podwójny status prawny: z jednej strony, są kreatorami polityki zagranicznej państwa i są odpowiedzialni za podejmowanie decyzji politycznych, z drugiej zaś strony, stają się zarazem wykonawcami tych decyzji, wchodząc w interakcje dyplomatyczne. Cechami charakterystycznymi współczesnej dyplomacji na szczycie są jej wzrastająca intensywność, coraz większa instytucjonalizacja oraz ogromna medializacja. W artykule podjęto próbę klasyfikacji szczytów dyplomatycznych: (1) regularne szczyty odbywające się w ramach organizacji międzynarodowych, czasami będące posiedzeniami ich organów; (2) zinstytucjonalizowane regularne szczyty stanowiące samoistne fora polityczno-gospodarcze; (3) szczyty organizowane ad hoc przez organizacje międzynarodowe lub państwa, dotyczące konkretnych spraw z zakresu stosunków międzynarodowych; (4) szczyty ceremonialne. Poddano również ocenie ich zalety oraz wady.
he Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) process was designed in 1996 to bring Asia and Europe closer together. This important collection brings together the discussions from the eighth ASEM Summit held in October 2010 in Brussels. It presents a multifaceted perspective of Asia-Europe convergences and disparities, shedding new light on the interregional political dialogue. Renowned academics and seasoned observers of Asia-Europe relations provide essential insights into the advantages and limitations of ASEM affairs, their most pertinent issues, and the role of ASEM as a constituent of the developing global governance architecture. In addition, the book offers a unique insider's perspective of the preparations and negotiations of the Brussels events. In addition, the annex of the book includes ASEM-related primary sources not available in any publicly accessible records to date.
Background: The Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014 was the largest, longest and most devastating in the history of the disease. It demonstrated the social and economic impact an emerging infectious disease can have in a globalized world. Health systems in affected countries were stretched to the point of near collapse, while social relations and traditional practices were negatively impacted. Heads of African research institutions, African government representatives, leaders of global pharmaceutical companies, global infectious disease experts and close to 100 young African researchers from 25 countries; Assembled in Geneva on 19 and 20th October 2015, for the inaugural UNESCO-Merck Africa Summit sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Science and Culture Organization and Merck KGA Goal of Summit: The primary goal of the summit was to develop strategies to increase health research capacity in Africa, with special focus on Ebola and enhancing pandemic preparation for emerging infectious diseases. The summit was also provide a forum to showcase the research taking place in Africa, and provided platform for African researchers to network. Some of the key issues discussed included; strategies for enhancing policy frameworks to promote knowledge translation, strengthening of health systems, enhancing knowledge and data sharing, and increasing innovation in Africa. Conclusions: Summit attendees recognized that Africa still bore the heaviest burden of infectious disease, and increased commitment by African governments to fund health research, offered the best hope for developing health solutions and interventions to improve the health of Africans. Improved health in turn would enhance the productivity of Africans, further supporting the socio-economic transformation currently taking place on the continent.
