Suchergebnisse

The PDF of this file is 2,201 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to info@nepjol.info. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v9i0.1143Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.9 2005 p.258-277

The problem of the 'financial sustainability' of individual local councils represents the most significant policy question at issue in contemporary debate on Australian local government. This concern with financial sustainability has not only dominated almost all recent local government conferences across Australia, but it has also formed the capstone of several public inquiries into state local government systems. For instance, at the state level, both the South Australian Financial Sustainability Review Board's (FSRB) (2005) Rising to the Challenge and the Independent Inquiry into the Financial Sustainability of NSW Local Government' s (LGI) (2006) Are Councils Sustainable were centrally occupied with determining the meaning of financial sustainability in Australian local government and developing measures of financial sustainability. Moreover, the Queensland Local Government Association (LGAQ) (2006) Size, Shape and Sustainability (SSS) program, the Western Australian Local Government Association (WALGA) (2006) Systemic Sustainability Study and the Local Government Association of Tasmania (LGAT) (2007) Review of the Financial Sustainability of Local Government in Tasmania had at their core the problem of assessing financial sustainability in their respective local government systems.

This paper describes in brief the findings of a research project undertaken by the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF) at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. The research was commissioned by and undertaken on behalf of the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW). The aim of the project was to investigate current practices of environmental and sustainability education and engagement within local government in NSW. The research was commissioned by DECCW as the preliminary phase of a larger project that the department is planning to undertake, commencing in 2010.

It has been ascertained that participatory processes did not involve learning component from both agency and water users' association for institutional and technical sustainability. The overall process of participation was superficial. There was a need of participation that underscored the empowerment of WUA with accountability. As Vermillion (2005) shares that empowerment with partnership is an emergent institutional paradigm for the irrigation sector development that places water users in the role of irrigation system governance, and government in the roles of regulator and provider of support services. There is a need to re-train the irrigation staff on the emergent institutional paradigm to empower the water users. For the empowerment with accountability, water users are to be provided enough institutional strengthening. There is the need to promote user-agency relationship positively and develop faith and confidence of the users and agency in the regime of transparency. Social scientists point out potential benefits of building successful local organizations. These benefits, for the local people, are in aspects such as empowerment, confidence-building, forming social capital, and reduction of dependency. Given the fact that participation is a process, it cannot be achieved in a short span of time with little institutional inputs. Sustainability of the management transferred irrigation systems/sub-systems definitely hinges on the broad-based and inclusive participatory processes. Keywords: participation; sustainability; management transfer; social capital and empowerment DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4512 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.41-64

and Summary -- Subject I. Agricultural Wastes, Energy Crops -- Energy production using straw and animal wastes as feedstocks — Analysis of both the agricultural (humus) and socio-economic constraints involved Institut national de la Recherche agronomique — INRA (F) -- An experimental assessment of native and naturalised species of plants as renewable sources of energy in Great Britain Natural Environment Research Council's Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (UK) -- Studies on the yield of catch crops grown for fuel University of Reading (UK) -- Joint research on Arundo Donax as an energy crop Institut national de la Recherche agronomique — INRA Centre national du Machinisme agricole, du Génie rural, des Eaux et des Forêts — CEMAGREF (F) -- Subject II. Forestry, Wood, Wastes -- An experimental study of short rotation forestry for energy Aberdeen University, Forestry Department (UK) -- Coppiced trees as energy crops Forestry Commission — Research and Development Division (UK) -- Selection and creation of forest material for biomass production Establishment of short rotation coppices Institut national de la Recherche agronomique Station d'Amélioration des Arbres forestiers (F) -- Utilization of coppice forests biomass for fuel and other industrial uses Ente Nazionale Cellulosa e Carta (F) -- The production of energy from short rotation forestry An Poras Taluntais — Agricultural Research Council (EIR) -- To design, build and test a biomass harvester/chipper Bord na Mona (EIR) -- Design and building of a forestry wastes harvester Centre national du Machinisme agrioole, du Génie rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (F) -- Subject III. Algae -- Methane production by mariculture on land Technical University Aachen (D) -- Investigations on the mass culture of marine algae in Southern Italy Centro di Studio dei Microrganismi Autotrofi del CNR (I) -- Exploitation of lagoon macro-algae for biogas production CSARE — Centro per gli Studi e le Applicazioni delle Risorse Energetiche (I) -- For a solar biotechnology based on microalgae Société française des Pétroles BP (F) -- Biomass from offshore sea areas University of Liverpool (UK) -- Biomass from offshore sea areas University of Nottingham — Wolfson Institute of Interfacial Technology (UK) -- Renewable hydrocarbon production by cultivation of the green alga Botryococcus Braunii — Investigation of the factors affecting hydrocarbon production Ecole nationale supérieure de Chimie de Paris (F) -- Subject IV. Biomass Conversion (Biological Routes) -- The anaerobic digestion of farm wastes and energy crops University College, Cardiff (UK) -- Methane from agricultural wastes and from energy crops University College, Galway (EIR) -- Methane production by anaerobic digestion of algae Catholic University of Louvain (B) -- Two-phase process for the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes yielding methane and compost Institute for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Produce — IBVL (NL) -- Starting up of a thermophilic anaerobic digestion State Agricultural University, Wageningen (NL) -- Alcoholic fermentation — Improvement of the technology based on physiological phenomena Département Génie biochimique, Institut national des Sciences appliquées (F) -- Utilization of agricultural wastes as energy sources — Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose Universita degli Studi di Napoli (I) -- Liquefaction and saccharification of agricultural biomass Agricultural University, Wageningen (NL) -- Subject V. Biomass Conversion (Thermochemical Routes) -- The development of furnace/heat exchanger systems in which chopped cereal straw is the fuel University of Nottingham (UK) -- The use of gas scrubbers for heat extraction from straw furnaces Jordbrugsteknisk Institut Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (DK) -- Heat energy from animal waste by combined drying, combustion and heat recovery Jordbrugsteknisk Institut Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (DK) -- High temperature straw granulation CNEEMA (F) -- Mobile pyrolysis plant for the production of charcoal and condensable hydrocarbons from biomass Fritz Werner Industrie-Ausrüstungen GnbH (D) -- Thermochemical biomass gasification Twente University of Technology — Department of Chemical Reaction Engineering (NL) -- Pressurised gasification of wood with oxygen combustion or electrical heating NOVELERG (F) -- Experimental work on a fixed-bed oxygen gasifier in the view of methanol sythesis using biomass as a feedstock CLE — Creusot-Loire Entreprises (F) -- Process and equipment for the fluidized bed oxygen gasification of wood Creusot-Loire (F) -- Process in the development of a test facility for biomass gasification studies Foster Wheeler Power Products Limited (UK) -- Catalytic liquefaction of wood material Groupe de Physioo-Chimie Minérale et de Catalyse (B) -- Attendance List.

The Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia (IPWEA) has recently published the Australian Infrastructure Financial Management Guidelines. The Guidelines provide new assistance to link the technical (engineering) and financial aspects of managing infrastructure and services, and to assist infrastructure owners such as local government to develop sustainable long-term asset and financial management plans.Financial management for long-life infrastructure assets (such as roads, water, sewerage, and stormwater networks, and community buildings) is about ensuring sustainability in the provision of services required by the community. These new Guidelines offer advice for every organisation and individual with responsibility for the management of infrastructure assets. They assist in defining best practice approaches for:• Accounting for infrastructure• Depreciation, valuation, useful life, fair value• Managing financial sustainability• Integrating asset management planning and long term financial planning• Meeting requirements for financial reportingThe project was a joint initiative of IPWEA and the National Local Government Financial Management Forum. A steering committee representing national and state governments, technical and financial professionals, local government associations and auditors oversaw it.

This article examines the legal framework and tools for achieving sustainable trophy hunting in Zimbabwe. Trophy hunting is part of wildlife tourism, in which wealthy tourists visit Zimbabwe to hunt for a unique, iconic wildlife with desirable phenotypic characteristics at a very high cost. The trophy hunting system was developed to achieve the tripartite objectives of conserving wildlife; providing local communities with economic opportunities and income; and incentivizing local communities to support environmental conservation initiatives. This article, however, highlights the blurred lines between the purported sustainable trophy hunting and its unsustainable implementation which now resembles "legal poaching." This dichotomy was heightened by the killing of Cecil the Lion, a tourism icon in Zimbabwe when it was not listed under the quota system for trophy hunting. The wellintentioned legal frameworks on sustainable trophy hunting in Zimbabwe are weakened by broad exceptions that render them toothless to achieve the intended tripartite sustainability objectives. As demonstrated in this article, these tripartite objectives can be fulfilled by effective enforcement mechanisms that do not currently exist. Proposals are recommended to promote these objectives through reformation of the existing legal frameworks. The option to ban trophy hunting is examined through a socioeconomic analysis in Zimbabwe to determine whether it would be possible to support a complete ban. Zimbabwe's current socioeconomic realities confirm that banning trophy hunting would be unlikely as doing so would devastate the tripartite objectives. Undertaking effective and sustainable policies is the more effective path for Zimbabwe at this time.Keywords: Sustainability, Trophy Hunting, CITES; CAMPFIRE, Zimbabwe

Background: Ensuring delivery of quality health services in a sustainable and equitable manner is a challenge in Nepal. A host of factors may have impeded the access, quality and utilization of the health services particularly by the marginalized and disadvantaged sections of the population. Review essential health care services (EHCS) provided by the public health facilities, level of progress, effectiveness, sustainability, equity and efficiency, quality of care and inclusion of marginalized and disadvantaged populations in health care servicesMethods: A total of 40 VDCs from 10 districts representing five regions and three eco-zones were covered. Altogether 800 mothers with under two year children, 40 health service providers, 145 key informants and 40 exit clients were interviewed. Forty focused group discussions were also conducted. From each district, health records of one hospital, PHCC, HP, SHP and Ayurvedic health facility each were collected.Results: More than two-third (68.2%) of the mothers received antenatal checks, highest in hills (85%) followed by terai (64.5%) and mountain districts (52.8%).Tetanus vaccine coverage (80.7%) seems higher compared to Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 (45%). FP use rate in mountain, hill and terai are 57.6%, 54.1% and 49.7%, higher than in DoHS 2003/2004 statistics, which were 26.8%, 36.4% and 45.3% respectively. Nine out of ten patients visiting the health facilities were outpatients. The coverage of DPT 3, Polio 3, BCG and measles are 92.8%, 93.4%, 95.2% and 90.7% respectively. From the service utilization perspective, disparities in terms of gender, ecological regions, season of the year and health facility were revealed.Conclusion: Health sector services are yet to be made responsive to the ecological and district specific health problems, and be made more inclusive linking with doable safety nets. Key words: Essential health care services; Effectiveness; Sustainability; Equity and efficiency; Quality of care and inclusion doi: 10.3126/jnhrc.v6i2.2188Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 6 No. 2 Issue 13 Oct 2008 Page: 74-83

This is an overview paper based on the contemporary literature available in the regime of forest and pasture as common property resources. The analysis has underscored the role of local institutions and organizations for the sustainable management of forest and pasture as common property resources. The paper concludes that farmers of Nepal have developed and used the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the sustained management of these resources by ensuring social equity. Understanding the ingredients of indigenous resource management systems can have a bearing on developing appropriate national policies aiming at ensuring the sustainability of the future programs of Nepal.Key Words: Institution, organization, indigenous, traditional, common property, sustainable, social equity, participation, etc.DOI = 10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1357Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.2 pp.31-64