Suchergebnisse

Text reflektuje úlohu vysokých škol ve společenských změnách, konkrétně v procesech transformace společnosti k udržitelnému rozvoji. Vychází z dokumentu Úmluva o vysokoškolském vzdělávání pro udržitelný rozvoj, který vznikl a byl představen u příležitosti konference Rio+20 v roce 2012 a který předkládá vizi celkové proměny univerzit související s celospolečenskými požadavky na udržitelné vzdělávání ‑ zahrnuje všechny aspekty života vysokoškolských institucí (výuku, správu, vzdělávací politiku). V tomto rámci autoři ukazují hlavní, v současné době probíhající změny ve vysokoškolském vzdělávání, a to v šesti okruzích, které zahrnují: hodnotové předpoklady akce, holistický přístup, změny v nakládání se znalostmi, důraz na procesy učení a na kompetence (jejichž význam mezi vzdělávacími cíli roste), a způsoby hodnocení kvality procesu a výsledku učení. Rekapitulují dopad těchto trendů v českém vzdělávacím prostředí i možnosti budoucího vývoje; ukazují, jak reálně probíhající změny souvisí s proměnou vědeckých paradigmat i vzdělávacích teorií. Navrhují popsat tento vývoj jako proměnu vzdělávacího žánru, tedy především s ohledem na to, jak jsou poznatky komunikovány, jak se proměňuje způsob jejich přenosu či sdílení ve vzdělávacím procesu. Ukazují, s jakými novými charakteristikami tohoto procesu bude postupně nutno počítat, a nabízejí možná budoucí výzkumná témata s tím související. ; This paper reflects on the role of universities in social changes, particularly in processes of societal transformation towards sustainable development. It is based on the document Peoples' Sustainability Treaty on Higher Education Towards Sustainable Development, produced for and introduced on the occasion of the Rio+20 Conference in 2012, which presents a vision for an overall transformation of universities related to the society-wide requirement for sustainable education involving every aspect of higher education institutions (curricula and teaching, campus operations, community engagement, cultural change). Within this framework, the authors demonstrate the main changes currently underway in higher education within six spheres that include: value-based preconditions for action, a holistic approach, knowledge management, an emphasis on learning processes and competencies (the importance of which is growing among education objectives), and methods of evaluating quality of learning process and learning outcomes . They recapitulate the impact of these trends within the Czech education environment and opportunities for future development; they show how real world changes in progress are related to the transformation of both scientific paradigms and education theories. They propose describing this development as a change of education genre, primarily with respect to how knowledge is communicated. They show what new processes in education will gradually have to be taken into account, and offer potential future research topics related to these.

Slovak Republic as well as many other OECD countries has faced significant increase of health expenditures in last decades. Sustainability of health care public component is therefore and mainly on the ground of ageing of population a political and scientific challenge for many countries. Paper pursues ex ante sustainability of health care system in Slovak Republic. By using modified models of International Labour Organization and European Commission and exogenous macroeconomic and population expectations we forecasts revenues, expenditures and also sustainability of the health care policy scenarios until year 2030. We identified possible changes in the income and expenditures policies for the Slovak health system, which can lead to improve balance of whole system by assumed population and macroeconomic scenarios. Adapted from the source document.

China is going through massive changes at the moment ranging from economy and society to culture. The bilt environment is definitely also part of this. Was it just four years back only about bringing prestigious names and projects into the country has this evolved into a wide ranging ecology and sustainability trend. Probably fueled by the western input, Cina has leapfrogged directly into the sustainability discussion and this directly influences the project planing and delivery

The aim of the paper is to examine interconnections between the process of state-building and the process of nation-building during a period of post-conflict reconstruction. The specific case of the current reconstruction process in Kosovo is exceptional due to extensive international support expressed through political and economic means. Regardless of efforts towards reform made by powerful members of the international community, future sustainability may be questioned. An alternative to the currently favoured institutional approach is provided by the work of Barry Buzan on the state, which puts an emphasis on the idea of the state, assuming integration between territorial, societal and political aspects. The conclusion presented in this article might be used as a lesson learnt from previous mistakes in work dealing with ethnically divided societies, for which it is not sufficient to provide institutional structures without an adequate socio-political reconstruction of existing conditions. If a society is not adequately adapted to the newly-established situation, the institutional structures will not be able to fulfil their key functions completely. Furthermore, it has to be clear that any possible reconstruction of institutional bases must be attempted only with a deep consideration of specific local conditions; otherwise its sustainability is doubtful. ; The aim of the paper is to examine interconnections between the process of state-building and the process of nation-building during a period of post-conflict reconstruction. The specific case of the current reconstruction process in Kosovo is exceptional due to extensive international support expressed through political and economic means. Regardless of efforts towards reform made by powerful members of the international community, future sustainability may be questioned. An alternative to the currently favoured institutional approach is provided by the work of Barry Buzan on the state, which puts an emphasis on the idea of the state, assuming integration ...

Gradual narrowing of the gap between consumer & investment demand was one of major achievements of 2003, supporting the long-term sustainability of Czech economic growth. In the first half of 2004, industry & construction witnessed strong growth, retail trade showing a considerable slowdown. Growth in industry has continued to be more rapid in the sector of foreign controlled companies. After a slight weakening of deflation tendencies in the third quarter of 2003, last quarter of 2003 & first half of 2004 confirmed a resurgence of inflation. Growth of industrial prices was more rapid than the growth of consumer ones, predominantly due to increasing world prices of oil & metals. The labour market & public finance continue to be the main macroeconomic problems of the Czech Republic. The improvement may come only after adoption of fundamental reforms in both these areas. 9 Tables, 5 Graphs, 6 References. Adapted from the source document.

Rural-urban linkages—including physical, economic, social, and political connections—are crucial for ending hunger and malnutrition (SDG 2) sustainably in both rural and urban areas. Rural-urban linkages also support other Sustainable Development Goals. Urban growth increases food demand and spurs dietary changes in urban areas—new demand can create opportunities for rural producers to improve their livelihoods. Broken value chains and poor coordination weaken rural-urban links and hold back progress on food security and nutrition. Investment in rural infrastructure and intermediate towns—quality rural and feeder roads, electricity, storage facilities, communications and information—can build connections and create hubs of economic activity benefiting smallholders and cities. ; PR ; IFPRI1 ; DGO; CPA

Despite the differences in our cultural, economic, and political systems China and Australia are societies sharing rapidly urbanising futures. This presents significant challenges for urban planning, placemaking, and the sustainability of livable, urban communities. Using Chongqing as a case study, metaPLACE is an experimental project investigating how participatory urban media (large and small interactive screens, installations, façades, and devices) can act as a co-designed interface between diverse community, industry, and government stakeholders. The empirical data gathered from a co-design workshop held in Chongqing in 2019 indicates there are a range of opportunities and concerns related to equitable placemaking, the environment, the nature of interfaces and participation, ownership and management of data, large and small screens, and cultural and generational considerations. Our critical and comparative analysis of the research design and cultural factors influencing the co-design process, reveal deficiencies in widely accepted models of user experience design and design process used across industry and design research. This has significant implications for transcultural and interdisciplinary co-design and the establishment of a viable Sino-Australian design ecosystem.

The long-term sustainability of the public finance in the context of population ageing is becoming a hot topic in most of the European countries including the Czech Republic. Moreover the Czech population will be one of the oldest in the world according to the forecasts of different institutions (UN, OECD, etc.). It poses challenge for the Czech pension security scheme. This paper presents possible scenarios of the future development & illustrates future fiscal impacts of the ageing assuming a preservation of the current Czech pension security scheme in the period up to 2050. The analysis is based on a detailed one-year age structure. This allows us to simulate the influence of the changes in component parameters of the current scheme on its future situation (for example, changes in retirement age limits). The main conclusion is that there is a rather small impact of these parameters changes on the expected future imbalance of the Czech pension system. Therefore a more fundamental reform of the current pension system should be considered. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

Li, Ho Fai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-117). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgements --- p.i ; English and Chinese Abstracts --- p.ii ; List of Contents --- p.iv ; "Index of tables, figures, and diagrams" --- p.vi ; Lists of abbreviations and acronyms --- p.vii ; Notes --- p.ix ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background and Research Question --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.4 --- "Theoretical Frameworks, Central Arguments and Organization of the Thesis" --- p.6 ; Chapter 2. --- Theoretical Frameworks and Literature Review --- p.8 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Historical Institutionalism --- p.8 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Study of Heritage Conservation --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.3 --- The Study of Civil Society --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Political Economy of Built Heritage Conservation --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.5 --- State-Civil Society Relations in Post-Independence Malaysia --- p.16 ; Chapter 3. --- "Case Study of George Town in Penang, Malaysia (1957-2008)" --- p.24 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Genesis of George Town as a British Colonial Town --- p.24 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Development of George Town in 1950s-1970s --- p.25 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Development of George Town in 1980s-2008 --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Updates of Development of George Town since 2008 --- p.60 ; Chapter 4. --- "Analysis of the case of George Town in Penang, Malaysia" --- p.66 ; Chapter 4.1 --- A Path of Institutional Change towards Heritage Conservation --- p.67 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Structural Basis for Civil Society-state Synergy --- p.69 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Conceptualizing the Constructability of Civil society-state Synergy --- p.77 ; Chapter 4.4 --- "Identification of ""Critical Juncture"" in the Developmental Path" --- p.82 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Sustainability of Civil society-state Synergy --- p.83 ; Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.88 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Brief Review of the ...

by Wong Wing Kwan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-172). ; Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. ; by Wong Wing Kwan. ; ABSTRACT --- p.ii ; ABSTRACT (in Chinese) --- p.iv ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xii ; LIST OF APPENDIXES --- p.xiii ; Chapter 1/ --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Impetus --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Central Research Problem --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of This Thesis --- p.6 ; Chapter 2/ --- ON ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION -- THE THEORETICAL AND GLOBAL CONTEXT --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1 --- The Environmental Crisis --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.11 --- The dominating perspective --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.12 --- Problems overlooked --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.13 --- Environmental problems as problems of social injustice --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.14 --- Locating the power relations --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.141 --- The dominating definition of life quality --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.142 --- The global economic order--- a platform of power asymmetry --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.143 --- "Global development agenda--- ""catching-up"" as the basis for sustainability" --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Environmental Education: A Critique of the Established Views --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.21 --- Seeking definitions --- p.23 ; Chapter 2.22 --- "From definition to practice- the split of mind, body and heart" --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.23 --- The domination of mainstream science and technologyin environmental education --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Environmental Education in the Form of Empowerment --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.37 ; Chapter 3/ --- ON ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION -- THE LOCAL CONTEXT --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Environmental Agenda in Hong Kong --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.11 --- Role of the government --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.12 --- Role of private corporations --- p.42 ; Chapter 3.13 --- Role of green groups --- p.44 ...

作為一種新型扶貧手段,小額信貸產業在過去三十年中於發展中國家迅速興起。從業者常常聲稱小額信貸機構能夠為貧窮農民提供金融機會,而這些弱勢群體過去往往被排除在傳統金融機構之外;與此同時,不同於以往的扶貧手段,小額信貸機構被認為能夠在財務上達到平衡乃至盈利。這種雙重目標的前景吸引了許多發展中國家的興趣,因此,小額信貸產業作為解決貧困問題的一種嘗試而在國際舞台上獲得了迅猛的發展。 ; 由於中國獨特的社會和政治環境,小額信貸機構的發展有其特殊的軌跡。本研究以深入訪談和參與式觀察為主要研究方法,通過為期三個月的田野調查,對中國西部與北部的兩個非政府小額信貸組織進行了深入考察。研究發現,小額信貸組織正面臨無法同時達成雙重目標的困境;基於觀察與資料分析,本文提出,中國農村社區信任結構的轉型是小額信貸組織面臨多重問題的主要原因。隨著市場經濟的發展與城市化的加速,在日漸瓦解的熟人社會中,小額信貸機構的社會目標被其財務目標所壓制,導致原有的扶貧、婦女賦權等目標難以達成,更形成了目標替代的組織現象。 ; 為深入探討小額信貸產業中目標替代的現象,本文從組織目標的合法性與可測量性兩個角度提出假設,指出當邊緣目標具有強烈的合法性和直觀的可測量性,便可能取代相對難以觀測的核心目標。最後,本文指出,為保證小額信貸組織不偏離原有的社會目標,需要設計一種新型的、獨立的測量工具,用以跟踪記錄小額信貸組織的社會影響,並將其作為判斷組織表現的核心因素。 ; Known as an innovative tool for poverty alleviation, microfinance has been widely spread in developing countries in the past few decades. It is commonly claimed that microfinance institutions (MFIs) can provide financial opportunities to those who are unable to obtain loans from the formal system, while at the same time maintain their institutional sustainability. This promise has attracted the interest of developing countries with large population in poverty, leading to a remarkable emergence of microfinance industry on the global stage. ; Because of the special social and political environment, the development of MFIs in China has its unique trajectory. Based on interviews and participant observation, this three-month research focuses on two non-governmental MFIs in Western China and Northern China, revealing a plight of infeasible dual objectives and proposing an explanation from the angle of transformed trust structure. In a collapsing acquaintance community, the social objectives are suppressed by the demands of self-sustainability, thus violating the original intention of poverty alleviation and women empowerment, and leading to a phenomenon of goal displacement. ; To further discuss the logic behind the goal displacement phenomenon in microfinance industry, two propositions are suggested from the angles of legitimacy and measurability of organizational goals. The findings indicate that to ensure the ...