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The Global Nutrition Report (GNR) provides a global profile and country profiles on nutrition for each of the United Nations' 193 member states, and includes specific progress for each country. It will be a centerpiece of the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) in Rome on 19-21 November, organized by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. ; Supplementary Online Materials ix Acknowledgments x Abbreviations xii Executive summary xiii Chapter 1 ntroduction 2 Chapter 2 Nutrition Is Central to Sustainable Development 7 Chapter 3 Progress toward the World Health Assembly Nutrition Targets Is Too Slow1 5 Chapter 4 The Coexistence of Different Forms of Malnutrition Is the "New Normal" 22 Chapter 5 The Coverage of Nutrition-Specific Interventions Needs to Improve 29 Chapter 6 Interventions Addressing the Underlying Determinants of Nutrition Status Are Important, but They Need to Be More Nutrition sensitive 38 Chapter 7 The Enabling Environment Is Improving, but Not Quickly Enough 47 Chapter 8 The Need to Strengthen Accountability in Nutrition 56 Chapter 9 What Are the Priorities for Investment in Improved Nutrition Data? 67 Chapter 10 Key Messages and Recommendations 71 Appendix 1 The Nutrition Country Profile: A Tool for Action 75 Appendix 2 Which Countries Are on Course to Meet Several WHA Targets? 77 Appendix 3 Which Countries Are on Course for Which WHA Targets? 79 Appendix 4 Donor Spending on Nutrition-Specific and Nutrition-Sensitive Interventions and Programs 84 Appendix 5 How Accountable Is the Global Nutrition Report? 86 Appendix 6 Availability of Data for Nutrition Country Profile Indicators 88 Notes 91 References 95 PANELS Panel 11 Types of Nutrition Investment, Lawrence Haddad 4 Panel 21 Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals—No Room for Complacency, Michael Anderson 11 Panel 22 Some New Data from India: What If?, Lawrence Haddad, Komal Bhatia, and Kamilla Eriksen 12 Panel 23 How Did Maharashtra Cut Child Stunting?, Lawrence Haddad 13 Panel 24 Can Improving the Underlying Determinants of Nutrition Help Meet the WHA Targets?, Lisa Smith and Lawrence Haddad 14 Panel 41 Malnutrition in the United States and United Kingdom, Jessica Fanzo 25 Panel 42 Regional Drivers of Malnutrition in Indonesia, Endang Achadi with acknowledgment to Sudarno Sumarto and Taufik Hidayat 26 Panel 43 Compiling District-Level Nutrition Data in India, Purnima Menon and Shruthi Cyriac 27 Panel 44 Targeting Minority Groups at Risk in the United States, Jennifer Requejo and Joel Gittelsohn 28 Panel 51 Measuring Coverage of Programs to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition, Jose Luis Alvarez 37 Panel 61 Trends in Dietary Quality among Adults in the United States, Daniel Wang and Walter Willett 41 Panel 62 How Did Bangladesh Reduce Stunting So Rapidly?, Derek Headey 43 Panel 63 Using an Agricultural Platform in Burkina Faso to Improve Nutrition during the First 1,000 Days, Deanna Kelly Olney, Andrew Dillon, Abdoulaye Pedehombga, Marcellin Ouédraogo, and Marie Ruel 45 Panel 71 Is There a Better Way to Track Nutrition Spending? 48 Panel 72 Tracking Financial Allocations to Nutrition: Guatemala's Experience, Jesús Bulux, Otto Velasquez, Cecibel Juárez, Carla Guillén, and Fernando Arriola 49 Panel 73 A Tool for Assessing Government Progress on Creating Healthy Food Environments, Boyd Swinburn 51 Panel 74 Engaging Food and Beverage Companies through the Access to Nutrition Index, Inge Kauer 52 Panel 75 How Brazil Cut Child Stunting and Improved Breastfeeding Practices, Jennifer Requejo 54 Panel 81 Scaling Up Nutrition through Business, Jonathan Tench 61 Panel 82 How Civil Society Organizations Build Commitment to Nutrition, Claire Blanchard 62 Panel 83 Building Civil Society's Capacity to Push for Policies on Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases, Corinna Hawkes 63 Panel 84 Can Community Monitoring Enhance Accountability for Nutrition?, Nick Nisbett and Dolf te Lintelo 64 Panel 85 National Evaluation Platforms: Potential for Nutrition, Jennifer Bryce and colleagues 65 Panel 86 The State of African Nutrition Data for Accountability and Learning, Carl Lachat, Joyce Kinabo, Eunice Nago, Annamarie Kruger, and Patrick Kolsteren 66 ; PR ; IFPRI1; CRP4; B Promoting healthy food systems ; DGO; A4NH; PHND ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
The article is dedicated to the study of the dynamics and ways of developing Georgia-US economic relations during the presidency of Mikheil Saakashvili in Georgia. The motives for the formation and strengthening of close economic relations between the parties are discussed in details, as well as the success achieved as a result of the frequent meetings of senior officials of the two countries. US Presidents George W. Bush's and Barack Obama's administrations' foreign economic and political approaches to Georgia, especially since the Rose Revolution in 2013, have been explored and studied. The role and significance of the bilateral documents on financial and economic relations signed between the parties were analyzed. Various facts have been observed that have hampered the multifaceted and balanced development of the Georgian economy. Particular attention is paid to the development of the economic relations between Georgia and the Russian Federation. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the volume of trade turnover (export and import) by year. ; Հոդվածը նվիրված է Վրաստանում Միխեիլ Սաակաշվիլիի նախագահության տարիներին Վրաստան-ԱՄՆ տնտեսական հարաբերությունների զարգացման դինամիկայի և ուղիների ուսումնասիրությանը: Մանրամասնորեն լուսաբանված են կողմերի միջև սերտ տնտեսական հարաբերությունների ձևավորման և ամրապնդման դրդապաճառները, ինչպես նաև երկու երկրների բարձրագույն պաշտոնյաների հաճախակի հանդիպումների արդյունքում ձեռքբերված հաջողությունները: Վերհանվել և ուսումնասիրվել են ԱՄՆ-ի նախագահներ՝ Ջորջ Բուշ Կրտսեր և Բարաք Օբամայի վարչակազմերի արտաքին տնտեսական ու քաղաքական մոտեցումները Վրաստանի նկատմամբ, հատկապես Վարդերի հեղափոխությունից մինչև 2013 թ.: Վերլուծվել են կողմերի միջև ֆինանսատնտեսական հարաբերությունների վերաբերյալ ստորագրված երկկողմ փաստաթղթերի դերն ու նշանակությունը: Դիտարկվել են տարաբնույթ փաստեր, որոնք խոչընդոտել են Վրաստանի տնտեսության բազմակող և համաչափ զարգացմանը: Առանձնակի ուշադրություն է դարձված Վրաստանի և Ռուսաստանի Դաշնության միջև տնտեսական հարաբերությունների զարգացման ընթացքին: Հոդվածում կարևոր տեղ է զբաղեցնում նաև ապրանքաշրջանառության (արտահանման և ներկրման) ծավալների համեմատական վերլուծությունն ըստ տարեթվերի: ; Статья посвящена изучению динамики и путей развития грузино-американских экономических отношений в период президентства Михаила Саакашвили в Грузии. Детально обсуждаются мотивы формирования и укрепления тесных экономических отношений между сторонами, а также успехи, достигнутые в результате частых встреч высокопоставленных чиновников двух стран. Внешнеэкономические и политические подходы президентов США Джорджа Буша и Барака Обамы к Грузии, особенно после революции роз в 2013 году, были также изучены. Проанализирована роль и значение двусторонних документов о финансово-экономических отношениях, подписанных сторонами. Наблюдаются различные факты, которые препятствуют многогранному и сбалансированному развитию экономики Грузии. Особое внимание уделяется развитию экономических отношений между Грузией и Российской Федерацией. В статье также приведен сравнительный анализ объема товарооборота (экспорта и импорта) по годам.
It is obvious that most of the agricultural production in the world is under the control of farm households (or family farms). This book aims to translate the characteristics of the farm household as an economic entity, into an economic theory. The book was originally written in Japanese, but various modifications have been made and new information added to the English version. The author defines the farm household as an economic entity which is a complex of the farm firm, the labourer's household and the consumer's household, and whose behavioural principle is utility maximization. The main purpose of the book is to construct a theoretical model of the decision-making behaviour of the farm household. For this purpose the method of subjective equilibrium analysis, which was used by J.R. Hicks for the consumer's household and the firm in Value and Capital, has been applied to the farm household. The major motif of the book may therefore be called ``Hicksian motif''. In analyzing the subjective equilibrium of the farm household, this book extends the Marshallian concepts of consumer's surplus and producer's surplus, by developing the three new concepts of labourer's surplus, self-employed producer's surplus and consumer's surplus. The analyses using the five concepts of economic surplus are the minor motif of the present book, which the author calls ``Marshallian motif''. Another important characteristic of this book lies in the presentation of newly developed theories of land rent. The author has tried to integrate the theory of leasehold tenancy (i.e. fixed rent tenancy) and that of share tenancy with subjective equilibrium theory of the farm household. In his foreword, John W. Longworth of the International Association of Agricultural Economists says ``From time-to-time an academic treatise appears which is truly different. This is one such book. It presents a self-contained normative theory of the farm household which is much more than just an elegant development of Hicksian and Marshallian ideas. Professor Nakajima introduces new concepts and develops a simple model of the farm household. He then extends this model in various ways to examine the subjective equilibrium of farm households under a wide range of economic circumstances. The exposition is clear and logic with each step in the argument explained in detail using both rigorous mathematical notation and easy to follow diagrams ... With this book Nakajima is making his Life's Work available to non ...
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