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Society is facing significant challenges in transforming to a sustainable food system where healthy food is provided, while reducing the negative environmental impact. Yet, it is debatable whose responsibility it is to provide healthy, environmentally friendly food from sustainable food systems. As food retailers have huge power through their supply and placement, it has been argued that they could steer consumers towards sustainable choices. Shifting from nudging- and sustainability marketing initiatives towards retail led in-store choice restrictions have therefore been suggested to enable a sustainable food system but has not been executed to great extent due to the fear of losing consumers. The aim of the study was to explore consumer understandings of and attitudes towards retail led in-store choice restrictions aiming to reduce the negative environmental and health impacts from food consumption. This was assumed to provide insights regarding where the perceived burden of responsibility lies and in what ways food retailers could be a leverage point for shaping sustainable consumption. The study used a qualitative approach where four semi-structured individual interviews with Axfood, Coop, ICA and WWF as well as four semi-structured focus group interviews with consumers were conducted and continuously integrated with a literature review. A content analysis of the collected empirical data was conducted with the help of the theoretical framework following Kahneman's fast- and slow thinking systems, perceptions, the Functional Theory of Attitudes, nudging, choice editing and different types of paternalism. The results indicated that consumers have diverse attitudes towards paternalistic measures. Food retailers' choice editing strategies aiming to reduce the negative environmental impacts from food consumption were highly encouraged and accepted due to a perceived collectivistic responsibility for maintaining our common earth. On the other hand, food retailers' choice restrictions aiming to reduce the negative health impacts met great disapprovals, due to health limitations being perceived as an insult towards consumers' individual body, identity and liberty. However, eliminations contributing to a greater overall health- and well-being was encouraged only if executed by legitimate and trusted authorities with reasonable, non-profitable driving forces where a democratic society was at the foundation. Choice editing is not an easy strategy for food retailers to apply as it interferes with consumers freedom of choice but is necessary as nudging and sustainability marketing are too soft strategies to steer consumer's often irrational decision-making and will not be enough for a global, sustainable transition. However, food retailers alone cannot bear the responsibility- or be the only leverage point as governmental measures are needed. ; Samhället står inför betydande utmaningar när det gäller att omvandla till hållbara livsmedelssystem där hälsosam mat tillhandahålls, samtidigt som negativ miljöpåverkan minskar. Der är oklart vems ansvar det är att tillhandahålla hälsosam, miljövänlig mat från hållbara livsmedelssystem. Eftersom dagligvaruhandeln har enorm kraft genom sitt utbud och placering, har det hävdats att de skulle kunna styra konsumenterna mot hållbara val. Att skifta fokus från nudging- och hållbarhetsmarknadsföring till att dagligvaruhandeln införde val-begränsningar i butik har därför presenterats för att möjliggöra ett hållbart livsmedelssystem, men har inte genomförts i större utsträckning på grund av rädslan att förlora konsumenter. Syftet med denna studie var att förklara konsumenternas uppfattning om detaljhandelsledda konsumtionsval i butik i syfte att minska de negativa miljö- och hälsoeffekterna av livsmedelskonsumtion. Detta antogs ge insikter om var den upplevda ansvarsbördan låg och på vilka sätt dagligvaruhandeln kan vara en hävstång för att utforma hållbar konsumtion. Studien följde ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där fyra semistrukturerade, individuella intervjuer med representanter från Axfood, Coop, ICA och WWF samt fyra semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer med konsumenter. De empiriska studierna genomfördes och integrerades kontinuerligt med en litteraturöversikt. En innehållsanalys av den insamlade empiriska datan genomfördes med hjälp av det teoretiska ramverket; Kahnemans snabba och långsamma tänkande, uppfattningar, funktionell teori om attityder, nudging, valredigering och olika typer av paternalism. Resultaten visade att konsumenterna har olika attityder till paternalistiska åtgärder. Dagligvaruhandelns valredigeringsstrategier som syftar till att minska negativ miljöpåverkan från livsmedelskonsumtion uppmuntrades och accepteras på grund av ett kollektivistiskt ansvar för att upprätthålla vår gemensamma jord. Å andra sidan mötte dagligvaruhandelns valredigeringsstrategier som syftar till att minska de negativa hälsoeffekterna stort motstånd, då begränsningar som rör den individuella hälsan anses vara en kränkning mot konsumentens kropp, identitet och frihet. Elimineringar som bidrog till förbättrad hälsa och ett ökat välbefinnande uppmuntrades endast om de utfördes av en legitim och betrodd stat med rimliga, icke-lönsamma drivkrafter där ett demokratiskt samhälle fortfarande bestod. Slutsatsen var att valredigering inte är en lätt strategi för dagligvaruhandeln att tillämpa eftersom det stör konsumenternas valfrihet, men är nödvändig eftersom nudging och hållbarhetsmarknadsföring är för mjuka strategier för att styra konsumentens ofta irrationella beslutsfattande och kommer inte att räcka för en global, hållbar övergång. Dagligvaruhandeln kan dock inte ensam bära ansvaret då statliga åtgärder också behövs.

Danas je turizam jedna od najbrže rastućih industrija svijeta i mnogi krajevi i naselja d i¬ljem svijeta pronalaze priliku za svoj napredak upravo u razvoju turizma. Današnji moderni turist sve više se distancira od masovnog turizma i svoj odmor i razonodu traži u mjestima koja još nisu toliko poznata na globalnom tržištu, a odišu mirom, čistoćom i sigurnošću. Međimurje kao turistička destinacija još uvijek je nepoznato na globalnoj turističkoj karti Europske Unije, budući da većina turista koja dolazi u Republiku Hrvatsku pretežno svoj godišnji odmor koristi na jadranskoj obali i jadranskim otocima. Unutrašnjost Hrvatske, a pogotovo sjeverozapadni kraj, još uvijek se slabo promovira i ogroman broj turista nikada nije ni čuo za Međimurje. Međimurje je danas jedna od najrazvijenih županija u Republici Hrvatskoj, a ono po čemu je među najpoznatijima upravo je uređenost infrastrukture. Me-đimurci su poznati kao vrijedni, marljivi, pedantni i uredni ljudi. Njihove kuće, dvorišta, vrto¬vi pa i parkovi oduvijek su bili primjer ostalim krajevima u Hrvatskoj kako i na koji način tre¬ba održavati i voljeti svoj kraj i svoje mjesto. Zbog toga mnogi nazivaju ovaj sjeverozapadni dio Hrvatske "Horvatskim cvetnjakom". Upravo zbog dobrog planiranja i suradnje lokalnih i županijskih vlasti, Međimurje je primjer kako se može dobro organizirati određena regija da bi bile zadovoljne sve strukture društva: gospodarstvenici, turistički djelatnici, lokalna vlast, lokalno stanovništvo, turisti, a da time nije narušen održivi razvoj regije. ; Tourism today is one of the fastest growing industries of the world and many places or parts of the world search for their development in tourism sector. Modern tourist today is more distanced from mass toursim and searches for vacation and holidays in places which are not yet that famous on the global market, but are characterized by peace, cleanleness, and security. Međimurje as a tourism destination is still not known on the global map of Eu-ropean Union, considering that most of the tourists visiting Croatia spend their vacation at the Adriatic coast and Croatian islands. Continental Croatia, especially northwestern part, is still less promoted and most of the tourists have never heard of its beauty and attracti¬ons. Međimurje is one of the most developed Counties in Croatia and is well known for its developed infrastructure. Local population of Međimurje are known as hard working, neet and percise people. Their houses, gardens and parks were always famous as examples of how people should take care of their neighbourhood and how to maintain and love their place and origin. Therefore many people call this part of Croatia Horvatski cvetnjak which can be translated as Croatian flower garden. Precisely due to good planning and good co¬operation beteween people and the local county government, Međimurje can be seen as an example of how a county can be well organized in order to satisfy all social structures: entrepreneurs, tourism employees, local government and citizens as well as tourists. At the same time it shows the possibility to maintain sustainable development of nature without endangering society, nature and economic development.

Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.

Sustainable development aims at addressing economic, social, and environmental concerns, but the current lack of responsive environmental governance hinders progress. Short-term economic development has led to limited actions, unsustainable resource management, and degraded ecosystems. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) may continue to fall short of achieving significant progress without a better understanding of how ecosystems contribute to achieving sustainability for all people. Ecosystem governance is an approach that integrates the social and ecological components for improved sustainability and includes principles such as adaptive ecosystem co-management, subsidiarity, and telecoupling framework, as well as principles of democracy and accountability. We explain the importance of ecosystem governance in achieving the SDGs, and suggest some ways to ensure that ecosystem services are meaningfully considered. This paper reflects on how integration of these approaches into policies can enhance the current agenda of sustainability.

U današnje vrijeme sve više raste važnost održivog poslovanja. Razlog tome su klimatske promjene koje dolaze kao posljedica zagađivanja okoliša. Upravo su poduzeća jedni od najvećih zagađivača, a među njima se ističu naftna poduzeća. Industrija nafte svojim poslovanjem ispušta štetne emisije u okoliš, doprinosi gomilanju otpada te utječe na živote ljudi i životinja. Budući da su naftne tvrtke jedne od najvećih i najprofitabilnijih u svijetu, imaju veliku odgovornost da svojim poslovanjem doprinose socijalnom i ekološkom blagostanju. Neki predviđaju da se naftnoj industriji bliži skori kraj, ali mi se ne slažemo sa tom tezom. Treba još puno napora i novaca uložiti u istraživanje i razvoj kako bi se našao savršeni supstitut nafti. Isto tako, pretpostavke su da rezervi nafte ima na raspolaganju do kraja ovog stoljeća. Također, naftne kompanije sve više ulažu u proizvodnju alternativnih oblika energije. Dakle, iako se nafta iscrpi, kompanije će lako prijeći na alternativu. Upravo zbog svojih velikih profita one su jedne od rijetkih koje imaju mogućnost uložiti u istraživanje i razvoj obnovljivih oblika energije te su kao takve već u startu u prednosti. Zbog svjesnosti svoga utjecaja, naftne kompanije sve više ulažu u programe i projekte koji smanjuju zagađenje okoliša i povećavaju dobrobit lokalne zajednice. Da bi se takvi ciljevi nastavili realizirati potrebno je oblikovati strategiju koja usklađuje vrijednosti koje privlače kupce, dobit i motiviranost radnika. Odnosno, potrebno je uskladiti bio/fizičku, ekonomsku, socijalnu i tehnološku održivost. Ulaganje u tehnologiju može omogućiti učinkovitiju upotrebu goriva na bazi nafte, ali i osmisliti rješenja koja pristupaju drugim izvorima energije. Hrvatska industrija nafte je na dobrom putu da postigne takvu vrstu održivosti. U 2019. godini poduzeća su poduzela razne akcije kako bi doprinijela postizanju ekonomske, ekološke i socijalne održivosti. Znamo da se pri postizanju ekonomskih, socijalnih i ekoloških ciljeva, mora se postići i četvrti cilj: dobra vladavina. To ...

Ovaj rad problematizira odnos održivog razvoja i geopolitike Like. Razmatraju se različiti faktori koji utječu na potencijal održivosti Like i, na osnovu njih, njezino geopolitičko pozicioniranje ili repozicioniranje. Promišlja se o utjecaju povijesnog razvoja Like na potencijale održivosti i njezine geopolitike danas. Metodama intervjua, analizom primarnih i sekundarnih izvora te studijom slučaja dokazalo se kako povijesni razvoj Like deterministički utječe na njezinu sadašnjost i budućnost potencijalno temeljenu na principima održivog razvoja i geopolitičkog repozicioniranja. Problematizira se i pitanje ličkog identiteta i mikro-geopolitičkih odnosa jedinica lokalne samouprave kao geopolitičkih aktera na području Like, kako bi se odgovorilo na pitanje- je li Lika imaginarna regija. Zaključuje se kako je po svemu, osim po geografskim međama, moguće tvrditi kako se radi o imaginarnoj regiji, točnije konstruktu kojeg je teško jednoznačno definirati, a koji je posljedica povijesnog razvoja same regije. Studijom slučaja dolazi se do zaključka da je Gospić nametnut kao središte regije, ali kroz povijest nije uspio opravdati dodijeljenu mu ulogu predvodnika razvoja regije i aktera kojem je dodijeljena zadaća ujedinjavanja Like na temelju zajedničkog identiteta. Također se pokazalo da je geopolitička važnost Like kroz različita povijesna razdoblja utjecala na nemogućnost primjene modela razvoja temeljenog na principima održivosti. ; This paper questions the relationship between sustainable development and geopolitics of Lika. Different factors affecting the potential of Lika's sustainability and, according to them, its geopolitical positioning or repositioning are considered. It is about the influence of the historical development of Lika on the potentials of sustainability and its geopolitics today. Methods of interviews, primary and secondary sources analysis and case studies have shown that historical development has deterministic influence on its present and future potentially based on the principles of ...

The view of networks has changed within the field of policy studies. Once they were considered as hampering the policy process, but today they are accepted as a legitimate policy instrument. The Swedish Government, for instance, makes use of networks to steer society. One attempt to do so is the Sustainable Municipality Programme launched by the Swedish Energy Agency in 2003. Five municipalities where selected to participate in this collaborative process to further sustainable energy policies. This thesis explores the potential of network governance theory as a model for describing policy making. A case study addressing three questions was conducted. Firstly, can the Sustainable Munici-pality Programme be described within the framework of network governance theory? Secondly, is this governance network successful in its struggle to achieve its goals? Thirdly, can this example of network governance further a discussion exploring a scenario where inter-municipality network governance might pose a challenge to the principle of local government? The first and second question is answered by focusing on four functions that the governance network should fulfil; to give priority to projects; to mobilize resources, to complete projects and, to evaluate the process. In order to answer the first question the case study focuses on the interaction within the governance network. Is the process organised in a fashion recognisable as network govern-ance, as an ideal type of coordination? The analysis shows that network governance theory provides an analytic framework well suited to shed light on the process. The analysis also shows that the three first functions were achieved. Through negotiations the network gave priority to different projects. The thesis focuses on three of these. The first project includes the education of maintenance person-nel. The second is a research project, investigating different actors' possibilities to plan for a more sustainable use of energy. The third project is a research project carried out within the field of physi-cal planning. The fourth function, evaluation, still poses a problem since the actors themselves are not content with the evaluation model they produced. In order to answer the third question the case study explores the notion of local government and how it can be safeguarded within a governance network. Two indicators are used to analyse this aspect of the process; the democratic anchorage of the governance network and the transparency of the process. The analysis shows that the process has been transparent and that local politicians have had an opportunity to meta govern the process. It is, however, undoubtedly so that the actors, or municipalities, gain influence over each other's policy processes. This causes discontent since local priorities get affected, sometimes negatively. In the end of 2007, four of the five municipalities decided to remain within the programme, or the governance network, for another three years. They are now joined by an additional 60 municipalities. ; Godkänd; 2008; 20080211 (ysko)

This dissertation studies the development of the environmental issue from a discursive perspective. Through an analysis of views on nature and the environment in several NGOs and main political organs, the dissertation tries to explain how a certain view became hegemonic. The analysis pertains to the period between the publication of Silent Spring in 1962 and the introduction of the concept sustainable development by the UN in 1987. From a realistic starting point and with critical discourse analysis (CDA) as its method, the dissertation aims to identify causal powers and mechanisms that have generated and institutionalized the environmental discourse. An analytical model is developed and applied on three levels; a sociolinguistic, institutional, and macrosocial level; which also reflect the methodological progression of the study from description to explanation. The result shows that the discursive practice was hegemonized by a Western view promoting economic growth. This discourse gradually gained ground at the expense of an anti-systemic discourse which posited structural societal changes as the answer to environmental problems. Mechanisms such as the exclusion of some views and actors from common discursive practices were crucial for the process of homogenizing the discourse and developing consensus. Through incorporating that part of the environmental movement which did not fight the dominant economic and political system, the UN turned it into support for its own project, which is part of the process of hegemony. At the same time the environmental objectives of the hegemonic discourse were established in the institutional spheres. The institutionalization of the environmental issue changed the focus from social critique to a question of development and technology, something which helped displace the original critical and partially anti-systemic character of environmental discourse. Through turning the critical and negative account of the situation into a more harmonious and hopeful vision, for instance in terms of sustainable development, a foundation was laid for the later development of ecological modernization. When the hegemonic discourse invested the concept of sustainable development with emphases on progress and economic growth, it encapsulated the environmental issue within the framework of the prevailing social system. ; With summary in English and Spanish/Con resumen en inglés y en español

Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit werden das Konzept der nachhaltigen Entwicklung, die Wichtigkeit der Bildung zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung, mit der die nachhaltige Zukunft verwirklicht werden kann, die Verantwortung für systematische Förderung und Durchführung der Bildung zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung, sowie die Notwendigkeit der Implementierung des Themas der Nachhaltigkeit in die Studienprogramme kurz erklärt. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse der im Jahre 2016 durchgeführten Forschung an der Universität in Rijeka (N=1347) präsentiert, die dann mit den Ergebnissen der im Jahre 2010 durchgeführten Forschung (N=1001) verglichen werden. Von Befragung der Studenten zu einigen Dimensionen der Bildung zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung wird dann deren Interesse an verschiedenen Themen und damit verbundenen Studienprogrammen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung analysiert, dann die Wahrnehmung der Möglichkeiten und Arten der Implementierung der Problematik der nachhaltigen Entwicklung in die Studienprogramme und schließlich die Wahrnehmung der Verantwortung für eine systematische Förderung und Durchführung der Bildung zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Aus dem Vergleich beider Forschungen aus den Jahren 2010 und 2016 kann man den Schluß ziehen, dass ähnliche Kollegs und Themen angeführt werden, und dass Studenten aus dem Muster aus 2016 weniger Interesse an allen angebotenen Ebenen des Studiums aus dem Bereich der nachhaltigen Entwicklung zeigen. Weiterhin hebt ein Teil der Studenten hervor, dass sie nicht über genug Wissen über die nachhaltige Entwicklung verfügen und ein Teil von ihnen findet, dass man das Thema der Nachhaltigkeit in frühere Ebenen der Bildung implementieren sollte. Was ihr Interesse am Thema der Nachhaltigkeit betrifft, heben sie größtenteils die Notwendigkeit hervor, die Themen in die Studienprogramme einzuschließen, die sich auf Menschenrechte, Nahrungssicherheit, Armut und Entwicklung, Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter und die Qualität von Luft und Wasser beziehen. Studenten weisen ein ...

U suvremenom društvu pitanja održivog razvoja razvijala su se na različitim razinama, od novih globalnih okvira, preko politika vlada do novih poslovnih modela. U 1980-ima pojam održivi razvoj nastao je iz međuodnosa očuvanja planeta i ispunjavanja ljudskih potreba (IUCN, 1980). Opća ideja koncepta održivog razvoja je zadovoljavanje potreba sadašnje generacije, bez ugrožavanja sposobnosti budućih generacija da zadovolje svoje potrebe (Opća skupština Ujedinjenih naroda, 1987.). Kao jedan od glavnih izazova u ekonomiji i poslovanju, pojam održivog razvoja pojavio se i na širokom području poslovne ekonomije. Cilj ovog rada je pružiti pregled opsežne literature, koja se bavi konceptom održivog razvoja u području poslovne ekonomije. U svrhu analize, korišten je bibliometrijski pristup s višestrukim korespondentnim analizama na bazama baze podataka Web of Science Core Collection database za promatrano razdoblje od deset godina. Rezultati ukazuju na važnost održivog razvoja kao teme, kao i na širok raspon pristupa i raznolikosti podtema koje su povezane s konceptom održivog razvoja u poslovnoj i ekonomskoj literaturi. ; In a modern society, the issues of sustainable development have evolved on different levels, from the new global frameworks over governmental policies to the new business models. In the 1980s, the term sustainable development emerged from the relationship between preserving the planet and meeting human needs (IUCN, 1980). The general idea behind the concept of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (United Nations General Assembly, 1987). As one of the main challenges in economics and business, the concept of sustainable development has also emerged in the wide area of business economics. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive literature overview dealing with the concept of sustainable development within a field of business economics. For the purpose of the analysis a bibliometric approach with multiple correspondence analyses has been used on the Web of Science Core Collection database for the observed period of ten years. The results illustrate the importance of sustainable development as a topic, as well as wide range of approaches and variety of sub-topics linked to the concept of sustainable development in business and economics literature.

Bergslagen in south-central Sweden is an informal region with a long history of intensive land use. The legacies of than 2000 years of integrated use of ore, forests and water major national and international economic importance now involve several challenges for the maintenance of landscapes. This includes sustainability of rural and urban communities, of green infrastructures for natural capital and human well-being as well as of forests, river basins and mining. In response to this cross-sectoral integration necessary at multiple levels of public, private and civil as well as academia and schools. Landscapes need thus to be viewed as integrated socio-ecological systems. Collaboration and continuous learning among actors and stakeholders are needed for sustainable use and management of landscapes' goods, services and values. To support this requires (1) data, monitoring and assessment of different aspects of sustainability, (2) continuous knowledge production about material and immaterial landscape values relevant for the management of ecological, economic, social and cultural dimensions, (3) information and communication using both traditional media, as well as (4) through art and culture. the vision to contribute to satisfying these requirements Sustainable Bergslagen initiative emerged gradually since 2004 as a multi-level partnership for sustainable landscapes (www.bergslagen.org). By joining the International Model Forest Network (IMFN), and the network for Long Term Socio-Economic and Ecological Research (LTSER), actors and stakeholders can learn from other regions' sustainable development processes, and make Bergslagen more visible internationally.