Suchergebnisse

У статті проаналізовано актуальні проблеми виховання дітей у сучасній українській сім'ї. Розкрито роль батьків у процесі формування морально-етичних цінностей у дітей. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання історичного досвіду щодо морально-етичного виховання дітей сучасною родиною. Виокремлено сім'ю як найбільш стійкий, соціально й духовно значущий інститут у морально-етичному вихованні підростаючого покоління. Схарактеризовано низку чинників, які формують мирні взаємовідносини між членами родини та сприяють її гармонійному моральному розвиткові. ; The article analyzes the current problems of raising children in the modern Ukrainian family. The role of parents in shaping the moral and ethical values in children is discussed. The expediency of use of the historical experience on moral and ethical education of children in modern family is argued. A dedicated family as the most sustainable, socially and spiritually significant institution in the moral education of the younger generation is characterized by a number of factors, which form peaceful relations between family members and promote its harmonious moral development. Actively working on a study of family Institute, the author provides important specific recommendations for the process related-family education on moral and ethical values of the modern Ukrainian teachers and psychologists. Another important aspect of the lighting of the Institute of childhood in the traditional culture of the Ukrainians is labor. The purpose of the article is to study the historical experience of moral and ethical education of children and to prove the feasibility of its implementation in the life of a modern family. It is pointed out that true education of the younger generation is seen in Christian values, which are stable foundation of moral and ethical education of children. Thanks to clearly defined moral orientations, the child may develop as a conscious personality in his actions and deeds. Such a person cannot be influence by negative information, which provide modern mass media: Internet, TV, press. In life this person will be culturally-conscious and will not copy his peers or idols with a negative attitude towards life. It is also important to note that Ukraine's aspirations to build a civilized, democratic and humane society requires revision, the attitude of state institutions to the family, its moral and material well-being, because one of the priority directions of the state policy in Ukraine should become an effective family policy. The content of family policy should be comprehensive and reflect the relations between the state and the family in the main spheres of the society. At the same time, it should focus on specific family problems associated with the implementation of its main social functions (reproductive, economic, educational). In connection with this matter clear differentiation of family and social policy in relation to general and specific problems of family, raising legal awareness of families, children and youth about their rights should be given.

Garantizar el acceso efectivo a una vivienda digna o adecuada para los hogares que perciben menores ingresos, y especialmente para aquellos que reciben menos de dos smlmv, representa una de las obligaciones del Estado, para lograr así mejorar de forma continua las condiciones de vida de la población. Con este trabajo se abordan, desde una perspectiva jurídica, los instrumentos empleados para garantizar el acceso a una vivienda social y su incidencia en la configuración de los aspectos que determinan el carácter adecuado de la vivienda de acuerdo con los requisitos establecidos en la observación No. 4 del Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales de las Naciones Unidas. En el desarrollo de este documento se identifica y focaliza el déficit inmobiliario en la ciudad de Bogotá, especialmente en cuanto guarda relación con la vivienda de interés prioritario (VIP), por considerar estos inmuebles como el instrumento habitacional mínimo esencial que alberga a los hogares de menores ingresos, observando los elementos que pueden contribuir a garantizar la disponibilidad de esta clase de inmuebles en el Distrito Capital, mediante la aplicación de instrumentos de gestión de suelos para la generación de suelo urbanizable de bajo costo. La confrontación de los elementos antes señalados es abordada para identificar puntos críticos que afectan la producción constante de vivienda de interés prioritario en la Ciudad de Bogotá. este análisis permite el planteamiento de alternativas que conllevan modificaciones legislativas y la configuración de una política de vivienda alternativa centrada en la materialización del derecho a la vivienda. ; Abstract. This could guaranteed an effective access to affordable, dignified and sustainable housing, for a households earning less incomes and specially for those who receives less than two SMLMV, This represent one of the most Government duties, in order to improve seamlessly life conditions of population. With this written work, it shall be approach from a legal perspective, the right gadgets to guaranteed access to social housing, and the impact of aspects settings which regulate suitable character of housing, according to well-known requirements remark number 4th of the Economics, socials, and heritage rights of United Nations. According to this document development, it shall identified and focused on real state deficit at Bogota city, nonetheless when it takes place in main priority housing, to concern this immovable property as the essential housing gadget that host less income housing, discerning features that can contribute to guarantee the accessibility to this type of real state at the capital city, through implementation of land management to increase low cost building land. The show Down of this document features elements are given to identify critical points that disturbs the fluently housing construction of mean priority housing at capital city. This investigation reveals the position of alternatives that involve legislative reforms and arrangements of a policy of housing alternatives due to materialize the housing privileges. ; Maestría

Upaya efektivitas sumber-sumber pendapatannya, dimana sumber penerimaan terbesar berasal dari sektor pajak dan retribusi daerah yang sekaligus merupakan komponen penting penerimaan kas negara dari sektor non migas. Desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu jalan untuk membangun kembali negara-bangsa Indonesia serta menjadi pendorong kearah keniscayaan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik dan bersih (good governance and clean government). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Fungsi, Jenis Pajak dan Penggolongannya untuk Mengukur Kontribusi Parkir Kendaraan Roda Dua di Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan angket. Responden terdiri atas 15 aparat Pemda, dan 15 masyarakat pemilik kendaraan roda dua yang disasar kebijakan dan pelayanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa retribusi parkir kendaraan roda dua memberikan kontribusi pemasukan bagi kas daerah dalam upaya menunjang realisasi pembangunan daerah secara berkelanjutan. Target dan realisasi PAD Kabupaten Buleleng Tahun 2008 yaitu sebesar 96,76%, mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2009 menjadi sebesar 95,53%, Tahun 2010 (88,25%), kemudian mengalami peningkatan yang sangat baik sehingga mencapai 104,60% pada tahun 2011 dan 126,36% pada tahun 2012. Tingkat efektifitas parkir kendaraan roda dua di Kabupaten Buleleng pada tahun 2008 dan 2009 adalah dikategorikan efektif; tahun 2010 adalah dikategorikan cukup efektif; tahun 2011 dan 2012 adalah dikategorikan sangat efektif. Secara keseluruhan penerimaan retribusi parkir kendaraan roda dua di Kabupaten Buleleng tahun 2008-2012 menggambarkan kinerja yang baik. Efforts of local governments in increasing revenue is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their sources of income, where the greatest source of revenue comes from taxes and levies sectors which constitute an important component of the state in cash receipts from non-oil sector. Decentralization and local autonomy may be used as a way to rebuild the Indonesian nation-state as well as the necessity to drive towards good governance and clean. This study aims to determine the function, type and classification for Measuring Tax Contributions Parking Two-Wheel Vehicles in Buleleng, Bali. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The data analysis using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires and questionnaires. Respondents consisted of 15 local government officials, and 15 public two-wheeled vehicle owners being targeted policies and services. The results show that an effort to support the realization of sustainable regional development. Target and actual revenue Buleleng Year 2008 in the amount of 96.76%, a decrease in 2009 amounted to 95.53%, in 2010 (88.25%), then increased very well so as to achieve 104.60% in 2011 and 126.36% in 2012. Levels effectiveness of two-wheeler parking in Buleleng Regency in 2008 and 2009 is considered effective; 2010 is considered to be quite effective; 2011 and 2012 were categorized as very effective. Overall acceptance of a two-wheeler parking fees in Buleleng regency from 2008-2012 illustrate good performance.

Die Geschichte der Menschheit und der Ernährung ist eng mit der Entstehung der Landwirtschaft verbunden. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist es zu zahlreichen ernährungsbedingten Problemen gekommen, mit weltweiten negativen Auswirkungen in wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Bereichen sowie für die Umwelt. Die sinkenden Preise für Nahrung gehen mit einem Werteverlust einher. Die Ernährung erfüllt verschiedene Funktionen, und die Auswahl der Lebensmittel ist unterschiedlichen Einflüssen ausgesetzt. Dabei spielen aktuelle Trends wie biologische, oder regionale Lebensmittel eine wichtige Rolle. Die Ursachen für viele ernährungsbedingte Probleme werden im vorherrschenden ökonomischen System gesehen, und der Ruf nach Wirtschaftsethik wird laut. In der Arbeit werden Ansätze wie die Integrative Wirtschaftsethik oder die Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie angesprochen. Das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit, das sich auf die drei Säulen, ökologisch, ökonomisch und sozial, bezieht, dient dabei als Grundlage. Um die Ressourcen, heute und zukünftig, zu schonen, fordern beispielsweise die Suffizienzpolitik und die Postwachstumsökonomie zu einem Umdenken im vorherrschenden Wirtschaftssystem auf. Nachhaltigkeit wird dabei gerade im Lebensmittelbereich zu einem wichtigen Schlagwort. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die Ernährungssouveränität, mit dem Recht jedes Menschen auf ausreichende sowie gesunde Nahrung. Damit soll ungerechter Verteilung und Hungerkatastrophen entgegen gewirkt werden. Im empirischen Teil geht es um das Lebensmittel Milch. In Interviews werden Beispiele für Direktverarbeitung und ?vermarktung sowie für biologische Landwirtschaft vorgestellt. Durch Reflexion und die Bereitschaft zu Veränderung beim Konsum können von uns kleine, aber wichtige Schritte für eine nachhaltige Lebensweise gesetzt werden. Um Fortschritt, im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit, sozial und ökologisch gestalten zu können, ist aber auch eine stärkere gesetzliche Regulierung erforderlich. ; Human history is inextricably linked to the history of nutrition and the development of agriculture. In recent decades though, numerous nutrition-related problems have emerged, which are having a negative global impact on economic and social systems as well as on the environment. Decreasing food prices seem to go hand in hand with a loss of values. Nutrition fulfils various functions, and the selection of food is influenced among other things by health and social considerations. Current trends such as organic or regional foods as well as convenience foods play an important role. The root of many nutrition-related problems can be found in the prevailing economic system, leading to urgent calls for business ethics. Therefore, this thesis alludes to various concepts, such as Integrative Economic Ethics and the Economy for the Common Good. The concept of sustainability, which draws on its three constituent parts; the environment, the economy and society, serves as the basis for change. In order to preserve resources a rethinking of our economic system is essential. The concepts of Eco-Sufficiency as well as a Post-growth Economy provide opportunities for implementation. In the food industry, in particular, sustainability has become a buzzword. An important aspect is so-called Food Sovereignty, meaning, the right of every person to adequate food. This aims to prevent unfair distribution of food and subsequent famines. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on milk and dairy products. It examines some examples of decentralised processing and direct marketing as well as organic farming. If we as individual consumers start to analyze and reflect on our own habits with regard to nutrition, and display a willingness to alter our consumer behaviour, a small but nonetheless significant step to a more sustainable lifestyle will have been taken. However, more stringent regulations will also be needed if we are to make progress in terms of social and ecological sustainability. ; eingereicht von Barbara Gissing ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2014 ; (VLID)242498

In der heutigen Zeit ist es nicht mehr ausreichend, ein Produkt oder eine Dienstleistung nur durch massenmediale Branding-Maßnahmen stark zu machen. Diese Maßnahmen sollten mit einem markenkonsistenten Auftreten des Personals kombiniert werden, denn die Markenwahrnehmung der KundInnen wird durch jede Form des MitarbeiterInnenverhaltens beeinflusst. Den Unternehmen muss diese Bedeutung bewusst werden und sie müssen mehr Wert auf die Implementierung der Markenwerte in das Unternehmen legen. Mit dieser Herausforderung, dem Aufbau eines der Markenwerte konformen MitarbeiterInnenverhaltens, befasst sich der Ansatz des Behavioral Brandings. Daraus ergibt sich für diese Arbeit die Frage, wie eine Führungskraft ein nachhaltiges und erfolgreiches Behavioral Branding im Unternehmen einsetzen kann. Im ersten Kapitel erfolgt eine Begriffsdefinition von Behavioral Branding. Weiters wird das von Henkel et al. entworfene Behavioral-Branding-Konzept vorgestellt und auf dessen drei Phasen eingegangen. Das anschließende Kapitel befasst sich mit der praktischen Implementierung des Behavioral Brandings durch Maßnahmen und Instrumente. Es werden vorab die möglichen Maßnahmen einer Führungskraft zur Förderung des markenkonformen MitarbeiterInnenverhaltens dargestellt und der transaktionale sowie der transformationale Führungsstil erläutert. Aufgrund der wesentlichen Erkenntnis, dass sich der markenorientierte, transformationale Führungsstil als am geeignetsten erweist, wird ein Modell zur Entwicklung dieses Führungsstils vorgestellt. Im Anschluss werden zwölf Instrumente zur Förderung von Behavioral Branding beschrieben und auf deren Vor- und Nachteile eingegan-gen. Anhand des Brand-Behavior-Funnels nach Wentzel et al. erfolgt eine Einordnung dieser Instrumente hinsichtlich ihrer Zielerreichungsebene. Als Best-Practice-Beispiel wird im letzten Kapitel das Unternehmen KNAPP AG und dessen Maßnahmen und Instrumente für ein markenorientiertes Behavioral Branding vorgestellt und bewertet. ; Nowadays it is insufficient for companies to promote a product or a service only via mass media activities. These activities should be combined with a brand consistent appearance of the staff, because the customers? brand-perception is influenced by each form of employee behavior. Companies have to be aware of the importance of this fact, and consequently, focus on the implementation of the brand equity in a company?s everyday life. The aim of the Behavioral Branding approach is to master the challenge of building up a brand consistent employee behavior. Therefore, this master thesis asks the question of how leaders can implement sustainable and effective Behavioral Branding in their companies. In the first chapter the term ?Behavioral Branding? is defined. The master thesis also presents the Behavioral-Branding-Concept by Henkel et al. and describes the three phases ? formulation of objectives, development of a strategy and tool-mix. The following chapter deals with the practical implementation of Behavioral Branding in a company through activities and tools. In advance there is a description of the activities which could be done by the companies' leaders to encourage a brand consistent employee behavior and how it can be utilized in a company. Therefore, the transactional and the transformational leadership styles are described. Due to the important realisation that the brand-orientated transformational leadership style is the most suitable, a model to evolve this leadership style in a company is presented. Following this, the author describes twelve tools to encourage the brand orientated employee behavior and states their advantages and disadvantages. On the basis of the Brand-Behavior-Funnel by Wentzel et al., the tools are classified according to their achieving objectives. In the last chapter the company KNAPP AG is introduced as a Best-Practice-Example. Its activities and tools for a brand orientated Behavioral Branding are described and evaluated. ; Anna Schmid ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2013 ; (VLID)234327

Fish farming has an outstanding position in Brazil. In the Amazon, there is a lack of updated technical information to support the progress of investment on the sector. This paper aims to characterize the fish farming activity in grouped municipalities (mesoregions) of the Amazonas State, based on technical information extracted from data bank of governmental institutions of Amazonas state. The public information from Secretary for Rural Production of Amazonas State (SEPROR-AM) and Environmental Protection Institute of the Amazonas State (IPAAM) were organized in spreadsheets and analyzed. According to the analyzed material, there is no structured pattern among the mesoregions. As regard as the farmed species, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the second most important, except by the southwest region. Alevins were acquired by donation from The Agriculture Development and Sustainable Forestry Institute of the Amazonas State (IDAM/SEPROR-AM) or directly from nature. There are fish farmers associations in all municipalities; however, the closer to the capital, the better their organization. Among the major constraints mentioned by fish farmers are: acquisition of fish food, acquisition of alevins, lack or restriction of updated information, and specialized technicians. We suggest that the diagnostic of the fish farming activity in the mesoregions on the Amazonas state can subsidize local actions and actions in other regions of pan-Amazon (integrated region by the Amazonian territories of all Amazon countries). ; La piscicultura ocupa una posición destacada en el Brasil. En la Amazonía falta información técnica actualizada que subsidie el progreso de inversiones en este sector. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la actividad piscícola en el Amazonas por medio de agrupamiento de municipios (meso regiones), mediante la utilización de información técnica proveniente de instituciones gubernamentales del Amazonas. Fueron consideradas informaciones públicas solicitadas a la Secretaria de Produção Rural do Estado do Amazonas (SEPROR-AM) y al Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM), que fueron reorganizadas en planillas y luego se analizaron. De acuerdo con el material recopilado, en las meso regiones no existe un patrón común entre las estructuras utilizadas. Sobre las especies cultivadas se observó que el tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) ocupa una posición secundaria, con excepción de la región sudeste. La adquisición de alevinos es realizada por medio de donaciones recibidas del Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário e Florestal Sustentável do Estado do Amazonas (IDAM/SEPROR- AM) o directamente de la naturaleza. Las asociaciones de piscicultores o acuicultores están presentes en todos los municipios; sin embargo, cuanto mayor es la proximidad a la capital, mejor están organizadas. Entre los principales problemas mencionados por los piscicultores están la obtención de la ración, la adquisición de alevinos y la falta o restricción de información y de técnicos especializados. Sugerimos que el diagnóstico de la actividad piscícola en las meso regiones del Estado de Amazonas, aquí presentado, puede subsidiar acciones locales y en otras regiones de la panAmazonia (región integrada por los territorios amazónicos de todos los países amazónicos).

How can companies successfully integrate the sustainable management of ecosystems and biodiversity into their business models? This was the central question at the international conference 'Business Meets Biodiversity' held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, on June 27th 2012. The organizing committee, consisting of the Copernicus Institute of Utrecht University in cooperation with the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation, Hivos, Rabobank Group, WWF-NL and Tropenbos International, brought together a unique showcase of international frontrunner companies and experts to demonstrate the potential of business to have a neutral or even positive impact on nature. The conference made clear that profitable business can go hand in hand with a positive balance for nature; while 'no-net-loss' of biodiversity is rapidly becoming the new norm in business. The economic damage resulting from the global loss and degradation of biodiversity and ecosystems is enormous. In 2010, the loss of biodiversity amounted to EUR 545 billion, in comparison to the year 2000. Biodiversity loss results in a decline of the capacity to produce goods (e.g. food, timber) and of vital services for human well-being such as water purification, pollination and climate regulation. The loss of ecosystem goods and services implies large risks for business as well. Examples are the increasing scarcity and costs of resources, disruption of operations, restricted access to land and resources and reputational risk. At the same time, the business sector is a key contributor to this ecological decline. An increasing number of companies worldwide recognizes the need to incorporate the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity in their business strategies. During the conference, small and medium-sized companies, investors, researchers and multinationals - including Rabobank, Unilever, DSM and Dow Chemical - from across the world shared their experiences regarding the development of 'no-net-loss' business, i.e. business operations with a neutral or even positive overall net effect on ecosystems and biodiversity. They also addressed the question of how to scale up promising initiatives. In summary, over 20 international experts provided presentations to more than 160 high-level attendees from the business sector, government and NGOs. The conference clearly demonstrated the potential of doing business with a neutral or even positive impact on biodiversity. Although the existing 'no-net-loss' success stories often still operate at a small scale, they provide excellent examples for larger companies. A widely held view was that companies need to better quantify their dependencies and impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, as a key first step in implementing a no-net-loss strategy. Also, both companies and government representatives expressed the need for large-scale restoration of degraded ecosystems. In particular at the landscape level, professional cooperation between government agencies, businesses, the financial sector and NGOs is needed to successfully implement such large-scale solutions.

Dentro de un marco conceptual de la sostenibilidad ambiental, se realizó un diagnóstico y se propone un Sistema de Gestión Ambiental al Municipio de Puerto Malabrigo. El mismo que esta estructurado de la siguiente manera: Los resultados del diagnóstico nos indican que los problemas de deterioro ambiental se manifiestan principalmente en: Amenazas al ecosistema natural de humedales, deficiente manejo de los residuos sólidos urbanos, incremento de la contaminación del litoral por las descargas de los desechos industriales de las empresas pesqueras, deficiente manejo de los desechos líquidos domésticos que llegan al litoral. En términos generales la calidad ambiental de Puerto Malabrigo (Distrito de Razuri ) se encuentra en proceso de deterioro creciente, impactando obviamente la calidad de vida del poblador. La situación actual de la gestión ambiental dirigida por el Gobierno Local, de acuerdo a las entrevistas efectuadas a cada uno de los responsables de áreas con ingerencia ambiental, así como la percepción de la población a través de encuestas efectuadas, nos indican la ausencia de Unidades Municipales de Medio Ambiente, capaz de mejorar la relación medio ambiente – municipio, toda vez que el municipio es el principal organismo articulador de demandas y soluciones con la comunidad, por lo cual se hace necesario contar con políticas ambientales comunales para hacer sustentable el desarrollo de los territorios, por lo que se propone un sistema de gestión ambiental para el municipio de Puerto Malabrigo, el cual se define en forma integral su estructura y funcionamiento. ; Within a conceptual frame of environmental sustainability, a diagnosis was made and a System of Environmental Management for the Municipality of Puerto Malabrigo was proposed, which is structured in the following way: The diagnosis results show us that the problems of environmental deterioration manifest themselves mainly through: threats to the natural ecosystem of marshlands, mediocre management of urban solid residues, increase of the pollution of the seashore due to the unloading of industrial waste by the fishing companies and mediocre management of the domestic liquid waste that arrives to the seashore. In general terms, the environmental quality of Puerto Malabrigo (District of Razuri) is in the process of increasing deterioration, obviously impacting the quality of life of the townspeople. The current situation of the environmental management directed by the local government, according to the interviews conducted with each of the people responsible for areas of environmental decision as well as the townspeople's perception through conducted surveys, show us the absence of environment municipal units capable of improving the environment-municipality relationship, since the municipality is the main management organism for demands and solutions with the community; Whereby it becomes necessary to count on community environmental policies to make the development of the territories sustainable, whereby a system of environmental management for the municipality of Puerto Malabrigo is proposed, whose structure and functioning are shown in a complete way.

It is very important scientific interest in developing new technologies for the conversion of renewable resources in sustainable energy, chemicals and biomaterials, as it involves environmental, political, and economic issues related to dependence that society has for the use of petroleum feedstock. The oil has other uses as raw material for about 95% of the carbon-containing chemicals used in our society. Under this, the interest in the study of furan components is to check viability of production, preparation and application thereof. One (enzymatic and chemical) hybrid-chemical route sucro area for the production of 2,5-dimetilfurano (DMF) as bicomponent clean renewable energy is presented in this research to improve the octane biofuel Talara Refinery - PETROPERÚ SA using biomass as feedstock. Compared to ethanol, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has a higher energy density (more than 40%), a boiling point higher (20 ° C above), and is not soluble in water. The developed technology creates a new route to transform native abundant renewable biomass resources in a convenient liquid biofuels for the transport sector, and may reduce the need for oil and fossil fuels. It also estimates the conversion of different lignocellulosic wastes in DMF, highlighting the bagasse as main attraction for the production of 0,119 L of DMF / kg of dry bagasse, with the Department of Piura a key development area. ; Es de mucha importancia el interés científico en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías para la conversión de recursos renovables en energía sustentable, productos químicos y biomateriales, ya que envuelve cuestiones ambientales, políticas, y económicas asociadas a la dependencia que la sociedad tiene por el uso del petróleo como materia prima. El petróleo tiene además otros usos como materia prima de aproximadamente 95% de los productos químicos que contienen carbono usados en nuestra sociedad. En virtud de esto, el interés en el estudio de los componentes furánicos es verificar su viabilidad de producción, preparación y aplicación de los mismos. En esta investigación se presenta una ruta híbrida (enzimática y química) del área sucro-química, para la producción de 2,5-Dimetilfurano (DMF), como biocomponente energético renovable limpio para mejorar el octanaje de los biocombustibles de Refinería Talara – PETROPERU S.A., usando como materia prima la biomasa. Comparado con el etanol, el 2,5-Dimetilfurano (DMF) tiene una densidad energética más alta (de 40% más), un punto de ebullición más alto (20ºC encima), y no es soluble en el agua. La tecnología desarrollada crea una nueva ruta para transformar recursos renovables abundantes oriundos de la biomasa en un biocombustible líquido conveniente para el sector de transporte, pudiendo así disminuir la necesidad en petróleo y combustibles de origen fósil. Se estima también la conversión de diferentes residuos lignocelulósicos en DMF, destacando el bagazo de caña como principal atractivo para la producción de 0,119L de DMF/kg de bagazo seco, siendo el Dpto. de Piura una localidad clave para el desarrollo.

La construcción en Colombia ha sido un detonador de crecimiento para las ciudades con un carácter multifocal; positivo en cuanto al desarrollo físico, social, económico, tecnológico y cultural, y negativo frente al medio ambiente dada la creciente contaminación generada por los residuos de dicha industria que comprometen los recursos de los ecosistemas. Siendo la industria del concreto, el escenario donde la demanda de la construcción en Colombia se aplica, y el ladrillo, uno de los materiales de construcción mas utilizados en la arquitectura nacional, y que trae consigo una eminente necesidad de que hacer con los residuos que deja el producirlos y el fabricarlos; ya que los escombros arcillosos de mampostería, el chamote del ladrillo, son residuos que aun no tienen una clara legislación ambiental, aplicación sostenible, y partiendo del compromiso de la construcción de respetar, preservar, proteger y conservar el medio ambiente; el alcance de esta investigación es viabilizar su reutilización como agregado grueso para la elaboración de concreto arquitectónico. Tomando como base los resultados de otras investigaciones, y la caracterización de las propiedades físicas de los agregados de ladrillo triturado y chamote de una ladrillera en Bogotá; se realizan pruebas con diferentes porcentajes en la dosis de mezcla, con el propósito de analizar la incidencia de esas concentraciones sobre el comportamiento del concreto arquitectónico en su color y textura, para la posterior simulación a nivel de diseño, como posibilidades plásticas y estéticas en proyectos arquitectónicos. ; Abstract. The construction in Colombia had been detonator in the grow of the city's with multifocal nature; It's positive in several factors such as physical, social, economic, technological and cultural development and its negative versus environment given the growing contamination of the wastes that it generates, these one compromises the resources of the ecosystem. As the concrete industry, the scenario where the demand ofthe construction applies in Colombia, the brick, one of the most used materials in the construction of the national architecture, and it comes with an eminent need to do with the waste that leaves the produce and manufacture; as clay rubble masonry, brick chamote, this ones are wastes that don't have yet a clear environmental legislation, sustainable application, based on the commitment of the construction of respect, protect and preserve the environment: the goal of this investigation its viable reuse as coarse aggregate for concrete architectural, analyzing the result of the esthetical tests for its application in several places and components of an architectural project. Taking as base the results of other investigations, and the characterization of physical and mechanical properties of the aggregate of crushed brick and chamote in a brick factory in Bogotá; several test are made with different percentages in the dose of mixture, the propose its to analyze the incidence of the these concentrations over the reaction of the architectural concrete in its color and texture for subsequent design-level simulation, as plastic and aesthetic possibilities in architectural projects. ; Maestría

PurposeThe aims of this paper are to: provide a systematic overview of various publications and international research efforts undertaken to integrate sustainability considerations into the property valuation process; summarize the key results of these publications and research efforts; highlight the role of key valuation‐input variables in considering sustainability issues when applying traditional methods of valuing income‐producing properties; briefly present and comment on a broader concept of property value and the resulting implications for property valuation practice; and provide recommendations for change in the everyday practice of individual valuation professionals and for the future operation of professional organisations and valuation‐standard‐setting bodies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds on the authors' previous contributions to the discussion on sustainability and valuation, presents advances on these previous works and condenses the more theoretical issues debated earlier into concrete recommendations for future action. Starting from a literature review of the different strands of research relating to the new discipline of sustainable property investment, 31 publications and ten research projects that investigate in detail the topic of sustainability and property valuation are identified and the current stage of discussion is briefly commented on. On this basis, a systematisation of existing approaches for the integration of sustainability issues into the valuation process is presented, followed by further explanations of practical valuation issues such as identifying the key "adjustment screws" or valuation input parameters of traditional valuation methods. Finally, the underlying concept of property value is discussed and a "value map" is presented which conceptualises the relationships between different components of value as well as other value‐influencing forces.FindingsChanges are required in the processes of gathering, processing and presenting property‐related information, as well as in the methods for determining individual valuation‐input parameters and for explicitly stating formerly implicit assumptions and qualitative judgement. This includes but is not limited to the extension of the scope and informational content of standard valuation reports to include sensitivity analyses, risk documentation and a separate section on sustainability. The required changes should be supported by actions that could be undertaken by the professional and valuation‐standard‐setting bodies and organisations within the valuation world. These actions include: embracing and improved marketing of the qualitative nature of the valuation service; the development of educational material and formal guidelines; the provision of dedicated market research to assist valuation practitioners operating in different market segments, geographic regions and local sub‐markets; and adjusting and further developing existing valuation standards to enable and support individual practitioners in offering a two‐tier valuation service to clients.Originality/valueThis paper proposes that valuation professionals and their professional bodies are confronted with a new reality of changing value perceptions and systems among market participants, and offers practical recommendations on how to cope with this situation.

Рассматриваются теоретические подходы к пониманию сущности социального предпринимательства и практические аспекты данного феномена в условиях современного российского общества, а также определяются основные технологии социального партнерства. ; Over the past two decades significant changes underwent in the political, economic and social life of the country. Significant transformations have affected all sectors of the society: the public sector has transformed, it departed from the principles of monopoly control of the social sphere and the industrial sector; a fundamentally new private sector has formed, an independent third sector is forming in the emerging civil society. Thus, in the past two decades, three relatively independent sectors were built in Russia and there was a rethink of the principles of management of social issues that require understanding of cross-sector cooperation and developing partnership arrangements of the state, business and NGOs. Сross-sector social partnership is a perfect triangle of relations between the three subjects of social policy, which are equally prepared for cross-sector cooperation. Now it is accepted that the weakest party in this triangle is the non-profit sector. It should be noted that throughout the last decade, forming of the Russian non-profit sector was of "spontaneous" nature, but today the NGO approached the critical point where the knowledge and professionalism have become the decisive factor in achieving goals. An important question of the functioning of modern non-profit organizations is the issue of funding, on which not only its current position, but also its future development depends. The peculiarity of funding non-profit organizations is multi-revenue, which, on the one hand, ensures the independence, but, on the other hand, leads to the unstable nature of funding; permanently limited funds and scarcity of material resources. Despite the apparent diversity of potential sources of funding, they can be divided into three parts: internal (Russian) sources of funding, foreign aid, and activity of the third sector. In terms of this, qualitative and quantitative growth of precedents of using technologies of social entrepreneurship by NGOs becomes really important. It is obvious that social enterprises are useful both for direct beneficiaries, and for the state and NGOs. The search for sustainable mechanisms to solve social problems has been conducted for a long time. It is quite possible that the social enterprise as one of these mechanisms has the right to exist. Nevertheless, the situation today is that the concept of social entrepreneurship is realized by representatives of the third sector on an intuitive level that indicates the presence of an acute need for theoretical understanding of this phenomenon and practical adaptation of technologies of social entrepreneurship to the modern Russian society. In this article the author attempts to systematize the existing theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of social entrepreneurship, make a clear distinction between this phenomenon, charity and social responsibility, as well as explore possibilities for practical application of technologies of social entrepreneurship in the activities of the non-profit sector.

El Programa Nacional de Competencias Ciudadanas del Ministerio de Educación Nacional (2004) estableció un cambio en la propuesta gubernamental para la promoción de la educación cívica y ciudadana en las instituciones educativas del país, al pasar de un énfasis en conocimientos y valores hacia un énfasis en competencias. Este cambio incluyó la elaboración y socialización de estándares en competencias ciudadanas, al igual que nuevos procesos de evaluación y pedagogía de la educación ciudadana. Este artículo aborda la pregunta de cómo desarrollar e implementar de manera sostenible una nueva pedagogía, acorde con los estándares propuestos por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional. El objetivo es presentar las diferentes estrategias mediante las cuales un programa de promoción de convivencia y prevención de la agresión (Aulas en Paz) ha afrontado los retos encontrados durante su desarrollo, y particularmente en el proceso de expansión nacional. Para lograrlo, se hace un análisis del proceso de diseño, implementación y evaluación que ha tenido el programa, identificando las distintas categorías problemáticas que se han presentado, así como las soluciones generadas; se identifican tres retos, que se deben tener en cuenta en el proceso de desarrollo e implementación de programas enfocados en competencias ciudadanas: la formación docente, la institucionalización y la sostenibilidad del programa en las instituciones educativas. Finalmente, se evidencia la complejidad y dificultad de mantener la calidad de un programa mientras se busca aumentar su incidencia y cobertura. ; The National Citizenship Skills Program instituted by the Ministry of Education (2004) marked a change in the government's proposal to encourage education in citizenship and civics at the nation's public schools. It did so by shifting the emphasis from knowledge and values to skills. This change included the development and socialization of standards for citizenship skills, in addition to new processes to impart and evaluate education in citizenship. This article addresses the question of how a new type of education, specifically one that is consistent with the standards proposed by the Ministry of Education, can be developed and implemented in a sustainable way. The objective is to outline the different strategies a program to promote peaceful coexistence and to prevent aggression (Classrooms at Peace) applied to deal with the challenges it faced during the developmental stage and particularly when going to national scale. The process used to design, execute and evaluate the program is analyzed by identifying the various categories or types of problems that arose, and the solutions that were reached. The study pinpoints three types of challenges to be considered when developing and conducting programs focused on citizenship skills: teacher training, making the program part of the institutional framework, and ensuring its sustainability in schools. It also underscores the complexity and difficulty of maintaining the quality of a program, while trying to broaden its influence and coverage.

In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich auf vielen Märkten ein Trend hin zu umweltfreundlichen Produkten entwickelt. Dieses gestiegene Verlangen nach natürlichen und vor allem gesunden Produkten, stellt Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, möglichst innovative Produkte zu kreieren. Der Faktor "Bio" gilt als ein Zeichen für Frische, Geschmack und Gesundheit. Unternehmen setzen daher vermehrt auf das Konzept des Life Cycle Thinking. LCT ist ein geeignetes Instrument zur Schaffung von Öko-Produkten, die einen Anteil für eine saubere Umwelt leisten. Ein Denken das über den Tellerrand der Unternehmung hinausgeht, schafft neben vielen ökonomischen Vorteilen, auch Raum für innovative Produktvariationen und leistet einen Beitrag für ein nachhaltiges Handeln. Diese Arbeit befasst sich zunächst mit den Grundsätzen des LCT und betrachtet unter anderem den Stellenwert der ökologischen Umwelt im betrieblichen Umfeld näher. Das Hauptaugenmerkt der Arbeit richtet sich auf die Methoden des Life Cycle Management und beschreibt die wesentlichen Grundsätze, einer betrieblichen Umweltpolitik. Im Anschluss daran wird auf die Methoden der Markteinführung von ökologischen Produktinnovationen näher eingegangen. Dabei wird vor allem das Umweltbewusstsein bzw. ökologische Konsumentenverhalten näher betrachtet.Auch am Biermarkt ist eine starke Tendenz hin zu mehr Qualität und naturbelassenen Produkten erkennbar. Ein Beispiel dafür erbringt das Unternehmen Core Beer, das vor allem auf Themen wie Gesundheit, Qualität und Natur setzt. Dieses Unternehmen wird hinsichtlich eines ökologischen Handelns näher betrachtet. Mit Hilfe einer empirischen Untersuchung, zeigt der Author inwiefern ökologische Eigenschaften beim Bierkonsum von Bedeutung sind. Anschließend erfolgt eine Analyse des österreichischen und internationalen Biermarktes. Auf Basis sämtlicher Ergebnisse und Analysen wird abschließend ein SWOT Profil erstellt, um mögliche Potentiale und Chancen für künftige Entscheidungen zu nützen. ; In the last years a new trend to ecological and environment-friendly products appeared on many different markets. This growing demand for natural and particular healthy products, pose a huge challenge for many companies, to create new and innovative products. The "biological" element in green products has become very important for many consumers and is a sign for freshness, flavor and health. Companies use this new development and concentrate on the concept of life cycle thinking. LCT is an appropriate instrument to create ecological products, which contribute for a cleaner environment. An expanded economically thinking, generates economical advantages, space for innovative product innovation and makes a contribution to sustainable activities. First of all this work focuses on the principles of the LCT theory and examines the importance of the ecological environment for companies. The main part of this work concentrates on the methods of the Life Cycle Management and describes how companies can use this instrument for their activities. The next part deals with the methods of the commercial launch of ecological product innovations. The author focuses in that case on the topic of environmental awareness and the ecological consumer behavior. The trend to biological products could also be recognized in the beer market and many companies produce therefore high quality and natural products. One example for this is Core Beer, the company produces a dark beer made of pumpkin seeds and concentrates on topics like health, quality and nature. In this work the author focuses on this innovative company concerning their ecological activities. With the aid of a questionnaire the author tries to find out the importance of ecological attributes for beer consumers. Afterwards an analysis of the national and international beer market will be showed. Due to all this results and analysis a SWOT profile will be developed to find an answer for future decisions. ; Andreas Eder ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2010 ; (VLID)245989

When the UN Security Council authorized the military intervention in Haiti and passed a resolution creating a peacekeeping force in the country, it lacked a precise diagnosis on the character of the Haitian state, its history, the essential qualities of the ongoing conflict, as well as the nature of the violence the country was experiencing. This explains why, after almost five years of UN presence in Haiti, recurrent instability and persistent violence are still common features in the Caribbean nation. The kind of intervention and the strategies implemented by the international community to pacify the country were inappropriate and they proved to be ineffective in tackling cases such as the Haitian one. The peace enforcement mission deployed to the country used military deterrence to contain external manifestations of the violence, thereby "freezing" the conflict and pursuing the organization of massive and transparent elections that were held on 6 February 2006. However, the present and historical causes provoking and reproducing the violence in Haiti violence are still in place. Democracy cannot thrive in the absence of a state structure able to guarantee a political order with a minimum of institutional development, particularly, when "disorder" has become the preferred political tool for some local actors in order to maintain the status quo. The benefits of a normalized institutional life, in a context of state absence, are not sustainable for the long term. ; En el momento de autorizar la intervención militar y la posterior creación de la misión de mantenimiento de la paz, de enero a junio del 2004, el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU carecía de un diagnóstico preciso sobre el carácter del Estado haitiano y su historia, el tipo de conflicto y la naturaleza de la violencia en el país, lo que explica, a casi cuatro años de esa intervención, la recurrente inestabilidad y la persistencia de la violencia en la nación caribeña. El tipo de intervención y las estrategias de pacificación utilizadas por la comunidad internacional fueron inapropiadas y se mostraron ineficaces para atender casos como el haitiano. La misión de imposición de la paz desplegada en el país utilizó la disuasión militar para contener las manifestaciones externas de la violencia "congelando" así el conflicto y garantizando la realización de elecciones masivas y transparentes el 6 de Febrero de 2006. Sin embargo, las causas presentes e históricas que generan y reproducen esta violencia siguen intactas. La democracia no puede prosperar en ausencia de un estado que garantice un orden político con un mínimo de institucionalidad, particularmente, cuando el desorden se ha convertido en el instrumento político por excelencia de algunos actores, para mantener el statu quo. Los beneficios del proceso de normalización democrática, en un contexto de ausencia estatal, no son sostenibles en el tiempo.