Suchergebnisse

The article analyses illegitimate births as a life course phenomenon for women in the Sundsvall region in northern Sweden during the nineteenth century. In the middle of the century 9% of all children were born out of wedlock in Sweden. By the end of the nineteenth century their numbers had increased to 11%. Illegitimacy was mainly concentrated to urban areas. In the town of Sundsvall it exceeded 20% during the second half of the nineteenth century.
It is argued that chances of survival for illegitimate infants were mainly caused by poverty. A majority of the women with illegitimate children managed to find a husband. The marriage resulted in increased chances of survival for children born within wedlock. An illegitimate births was usually the result of the first pregnancy of a young woman and an isolated event in her life course, which supports the argument that poverty and not marginalisation was the main cause for high illegitimate infant mortality. There were of course exceptions. Marginalisation and biological factors still played an important role in many cases. Some women in Sundsvall gave repeatedly birth to illegitimate children and were subsequently in a less favourable situation. They were to a much larger extend marginalised and less then 50% married if they had life histories with three or more illegitimate children. The article also analyses the importance of supportive kin networks for lone mothers, but argues that they played a less significant role for the survival of infants in comparison with, for instance, the number of illegitimate births experienced by the woman and birth intervals. The different life courses and the fates.

Résumé En Suède, le terme de « développement durable » est bien connu et est souvent utilisé comme leitmotiv dans diverses parties de la société. Depuis la Conférence sur l'environnement et le développement à Rio en 1992, le développement durable est devenu de plus en plus indispensable aux débats politiques et est même devenu un argument crucial dans les décisions managériales du secteur privé. En raison de la tradition de consensus politique de la Suède et du grand investissement des groupes d'intérêt dans la prise de décision politique, l'idée de développement durable comme concept politique global est arrivée sur un terrain fertile.

In this article marriage and urban adaption in two Swedish towns, Linköping and Sundsvall, during the early phase of Swedish industrialization, have been studied.The results stress the danger of generalization when discussing the inter-relationsship between industrialization and urban démographie behaviour. The industrial town, represented by Sundsvall, even if it displayed a very specific "industrial migration", did not necessarily produce an equally specific urban/industrial demography within its population. Linköping, with a more agra-rian character, displayed almost the same marriage structure as the industrialized Sundsvall, despite its totally différent economy and its différent migration pattern.