Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1. Introduction (Gaël Brulé & Christian Suter) -- Part 1. Wealth & SWB : Theoretical and Conceptual Considerations -- Chapter 2. A Historiographic Look at the Link Between Wealth and SWB (Remy Pawin) -- Chapter 3. A Review of Wealth & SWB (Ruut Veenhoven) -- Chapter 4. "Poverties" and "Wealth": Competing Definitions And Alternative Approaches to Measurement (Richard Estes) -- Chapter 5. From the Wealth of Nations to the Wealths of Nations (Mariano Rojas) -- Part 2. Wealth & SWB : Methodological Considerations -- Chapter 6. The Difficulty to Disentangle the Influences of Income and Wealth on SWB (Claudia Senik) -- Chapter 7. Wealth-SWB Relationship in the Frame of the Theory of Subjective Wellbeing homeostasis (Robert Cummins). Chapter 8. Monetary Valuations of Life Conditions in a Consistent Framework: The Life Satisfaction Approach (Shunsuke Managi) -- Chapter 9. From Wealth to Health: Evaluating Microfinance as a Complex Intervention (Neil McHugh) -- Part 3. Wealth & SWB: Empirical Findings-Household/Personal Wealth -- Chapter 10. Economic Resources and SWB among the Elderly Population (Moshe Semyonov) -- Chapter 11. What Wealth Leads to SWB? Cross-National Evidence (Laura Ravazzini & Gaël Brulé) -- Chapter 12. The Influence of Parental Wealth and Children's Educational Decisions and Parents' SWB (Nora Skopek & Oshrat Hochman) -- Chapter 13.Personal Wealth and Happiness: A Work/Career Perspective (Louis Tay) -- Part 4. Wealth & SWB: Empirical Findings- Housing Wealth -- Chapter 14. Home Ownership and Happiness in Switzerland (Gabrielle Wanzenried & Yvonne Seiler Zimmermann) -- Chapter 15.Home Ownership and SWB in Czech Republic (Martin Lux) -- Chapter 16. Housing Wealth and Tenure (change) Moderate the Relationship Between Divorce and SWB (Stéfanie André) -- Part 5. Wealth & SWB: Empirical Findings-Consumption -- Chapter 17. Philanthropy and Happiness. Evidence from France (Charles Sellen) -- Chapter 18. The Impact of Wealth, Household Net Income and Household Consumption on Life Satisfaction (Bruce Headey) -- Chapter 19. Materialism and Satisfaction with Material Life (Joseph Sirgy) -- Part 6. Wealth & SWB: Empirical Findings- Life Course and Life Events -- Chapter 20. Wealth as a Buffer for Life Events (Ursina Kuhn & Gaël Brulé) -- Chapter 21. Wealth & Resilience (Jehane Simona) -- Chapter 22. Life-course and Social Change (Andreas Motel-Klingebiel) -- Chapter 23. Impact of Wealth Changes on SWB (Markus Grapka & Christoph Halbmeier). Part 7. Wealth Distributions & Policies -- Chapter 24. Widening Wealth Gap Between Rich and Poor Countries and Within Countries (Richard Estes) -- Chapter 25. Has Middle Class Wealth Recovered? (Edward Wolff) -- Chapter 26. Wealth, Trust and SWB (Anne Musson) -- Chapter 27. Wealth Inequalities, Vulnerability and SWB (Tatjana Meschede & Tom Shapiro) -- Chapter 28. Tax havens: How Does That Affect General Well-being? (Alex Michalos) -- Chapter 29. Asset-Based Welfare and SWB in the UK (Beverley Searle)

Introduction -- A Global History of Consumer Co-operation since 1850: Introduction /Mary Hilson , Silke Neunsinger and Greg Patmore -- Co-operative History: Movements and Businesses /Mary Hilson -- Origins and Models -- Origins and Models: Introduction to Section 1 /Mary Hilson -- Rochdale and Beyond: Consumer Co-operation in Britain before 1945 /Mary Hilson -- The Belgian Co-operative Model: Elements of Success and Failure /Geert Van Goethem -- History of Consumer Co-operatives in France: From the Conquest of Consumption by the Masses to the Challenge of Mass Consumption /Simon Lambersens , Amélie Artis , Danièle Demoustier and Alain Mélo -- Consumer Co-operation in the Nordic Countries, c. 1860–1939 /Mary Hilson -- Canadian and us Catholic Promotion of Co-operatives in Central America and the Caribbean and Their Political Implications /Susan Fitzpatrick-Behrens and Catherine C LeGrand -- African American Consumer Co-operation: History and Global Connections /Jessica Gordon Nembhard -- A Co-operative Take on Free Trade: International Ambitions and Regional Initiatives in International Co-operative Trade /Katarina Friberg -- Challenges to Democracy – State Intervention -- Challenges to Democracy – State Intervention: Introduction to Section 2 /Silke Neunsinger -- German Co-operatives: Rise and Fall 1850–1970 /Michael Prinz -- The Rise and Fall of Austria's Consumer Co-operatives /Johann Brazda , Florian Jagschitz , Siegfried Rom and Robert Schediwy -- Consumer Co-operatives in Portugal: Debates and Experiences from the Nineteenth to the Twentieth Century /Dulce Freire and Joana Dias Pereira -- Consumer Co-operatives in Spain, 1860–2010 /Francisco J Medina-Albaladejo -- The Experience of the Consumer Co-operative Movement in KoreaIts Break off and Rebirth, 1919–2010 /Kim Hyungmi -- Consumer Co-operatives in the People's Republic of China: A Development Path Shaped by Its Economic and Political History /Mary Ip and Kay-Wah Chan -- Challenges to Business -- Challenges to Business: Introduction to Section 3 /Greg Patmore -- Managing Consumer Co-operatives: A Historical Perspective /Greg Patmore and Nikola Balnave -- Patterns, Limitations and Associations: The Consumer Co-operative Movement in Canada, 1828 to the Present /Ian MacPherson -- Rochdale Consumer Co-operatives in Australia and New Zealand /Nikola Balnave and Greg Patmore -- Consumer Co-operation in a Changing Economy: The Case of Argentina /Mirta Vuotto , Griselda Verbeke and María Eugenia Castelao Caruana -- Fighting Monopoly and Enhancing Democracy: A Historical Overview of us Consumer Co-operatives /Greg Patmore -- Affluence and Decline: Consumer Co-operatives in Postwar Britain1 /Corrado Secchi -- Consolidation -- Consolidation: Introduction to Section 4 /Mary Hilson -- Going Global. The Rise of the cws as an International Commercial and Political Actor, 1863–1950: Scoping an Agenda for Further Research /Anthony Webster , John F Wilson and Rachael Vorberg-Rugh -- Consumer Co-operation in Italy: A Network of Co-operatives with a Multi-class Constituency /Patrizia Battilani -- Consumer Societies in Switzerland: From Local Self-help Organizations to a Single National Co-operative /Bernard Degen.

This practical guide for advanced students and decision-makers in the pharma and biotech industry presents key success factors in RD along with value creators in pharmaceutical innovation. A team of editors and authors with extensive experience in academia and industry and at some of the most prestigious business schools in Europe discusses in detail the innovation process in pharma as well as common and new research and innovation strategies. In doing so, they cover collaboration and partnerships, open innovation, biopharmaceuticals, translational medicine, good manufacturing practice, regulatory affairs, and portfolio management. Each chapter covers controversial aspects of recent developments in the pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of stimulating productive debates on the most effective and efficient innovation processes. A must-have for young professionals and MBA students preparing to enter RD in pharma or biotech as well as for students on a combined BA/biomedical and natural sciences program. ALEXANDER SCHUHMACHER is a professor for RD management, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Senator at Reutlingen University. And he is Director for RD performance metrics and business model innovation at Bioscience Valuation. Before joining the academic world, he worked 14 years in the pharmaceutical industry in various functions in RD, such as in RD portfolio management and strategic planning. He studied biology at the University of Constance (Germany), Pharmaceutical Medicine at Witten-Herdecke University (Germany) and he is also a graduate of the Executive MBA program at the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland). MARKUS HINDER studied medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Paris and Zürich and obtained his doctoral degree in pharmacology and toxicology from Heidelberg University. He is board certified in clinical pharmacology, pharmaceutical medicine, emergency medicine and sports medicine. He joined the pharmaceutical industry more than 18 years ago and gained extensive experience in his positions in pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, translational medicine, late-stage clinical development, medical affairs and global project leadership functions. In addition to working in the pharmaceutical industry Markus is a professor for pharmaceutical development and regulations in the International MSc course on Pharmacoeconomics and Health Economics at Cardiff University/ Hochschule Fresenius. OLIVER GASSMANN is a Professor for technology and innovation management at St. Gallen University, where he chairs the Institute of Technology Management. His teaching activities include several executive MBA programs. He has written or edited 18 books and published more than 300 journal articles on technology and innovation management. Until 2002 he headed the RD department of Schindler. The main focus of his research lies in open innovation and global innovation processes. He is the 1998 recipient of the RADMA Prize and in 2009 was elected among the top 50 researchers by IAMOT, the International Association for Management of Technology.

In most wealthy democracies as represented by long-term OECD-members, healthcare systems have been established which guarantee access to a broad package of health services. However, healthcare financing involves varying distributive effects and builds on different concepts of solidarity. Healthcare researchers have examined these equity issues in healthcare financing measuring the progressivity of healthcare financing using micro-level data. Most notably, the ECuity-project published progressivity indices in some European countries and the US for the late 1980s and early 1990s. Not least due to the rather complex procedure involved with the evaluation of income and expenditure surveys, such indices have been rarely calculated since. From these studies on redistributive effects, we know that the main modes of financing quite consistently correspond to different levels of progressivity. Moreover, financing modes reflect different concepts of solidarity. Therefore, we suggest an alternative indicator to explore equity issues in healthcare financing using aggregate spending and revenue data. The Index of Risk and Income Solidarity (IRIS) is based on the respective share of distinct modes of financing. We distinguish modes of financing which involve ex-ante redistribution of health risks from those which entail only ex-post redistribution or none at all. Further, we differentiate financing modes which are related to personal or household income from those which involve no income redistribution. We assume an increase of risk solidarity as well as a decline of income solidarity in the OECD-world. First of all, new and costly medical technologies drive the demand for ex-ante redistribution of health risks. At the same time, hopes to increase efficiency of healthcare provision through forms of co-payments have been disappointed. The decline of income solidarity is expected as a result of global competition. In order to reduce labour costs, OECD countries substitute social security contributions by flat-rate premiums or general taxes. In the light of global competition, governments also tend to strengthen indirect taxes since it is far more difficult to shift consumption abroad. Finally, we assume that it is easier to legitimize rising tobacco or alcohol taxes if they are ear-marked for healthcare financing. We examine these assumptions presenting time series of risk and income solidarity based on OECD health data, OECD revenue statistics and national aggregate data on healthcare financing. We cover eleven OECD countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the US. These countries reflect a broad spectrum of healthcare system types in the OECD-world. The observation period starts at the eve of the first oil crisis in the 1970s and ends at the onset of the Great Recession in 2009.

University Startups and Spin-Offsteaches university students, researchers, and educators the most effective strategies and tactics for launching their own startups from academic platforms with the backing of school programs, public grants, incubators, seed accelerators, and private partnerships in all parts of the world.Serial entrepreneur Manuel Stagarsadvises students, faculty, and researchers how to test their ideas for marketability, how to develop commercial products out of research projects, and how to engage companies and investors with attractive value propositions. The author has seventeen years of experience as startup entrepreneur, founder of seven companies in the United States, Europe, and Japan, consultant to universities on commercializing their research programs, angel investor, and startup mentor. Stagars' advice is field-tested, battle-hardened, and supported with a wealth of instructive first-hand examples from his international experience.The author advises academic entrepreneurs to take matters into their own hands instead of relying on the initiative and support of universities and governments. He shows students and researchers how to fit lean startup methods to their existing university ecosystems, leveraging their strengths without getting bogged down in bureaucratic morass. Avoiding theory and jargon, the book focuses on real-world situations, practical steps, checklists, and case studies. University students and researchers will learn the skills they need to become startup entrepreneurs on an academic platform.The final part of University Startups and Spin-Offs addresses university administrators, educators, technology licensing officers, incubator managers, and government grant officers. It shows them with practical examples from the private and academic sectors how to integrate startups into the fabric of the university, develop a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem for students and researchers, leverage latent network effects, build bridges between scientific research and industries seeking innovative solutions, enhance the public image of the university, and motivate the university's best and brightest to engage in startup enterprises that will deliver benefits to the university and the public as well as to themselves. Manuel Stagars is a serial entrepreneur, business consultant, and founder of seven companies. A graduate with honors from London School of Economics (LSE), he holds certifications as a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA), and Energy Risk Professional (ERP). This enables him to blend creative entrepreneurship with contemporary macroeconomics and the perspective of an investor and venture capitalist. Mr. Stagars' companies have worked on over two hundred client projects in the United States, Switzerland, and Japan. He is supporting startups as an angel investor and consults for them on business development, strategy, and platform thinking, and he is advising universities on their startups and spin-offs.

Preliminary Material /Shimon Shetreet -- General Introduction /Shimon Shetreet -- Judicial Independence, Liberty, Democracy and International Economy /Shimon Shetreet -- Accountability of Judicial Service Commissions to the Law: The Case of South Africa /Christopher Forsyth -- Reflections on Judicial Independence: Past Achievements and Future Agenda /Marcel Storme -- Judging the Independence and Integrity of Foreign Courts /Neil Andrews -- The Protection of Religious Liberty in the United States: The Supreme Court Jurisprudence /Maimon Schwarzschild -- The Culture of Peace and Human Rights: The Development of Human Rights Protection in the European Union /Shimon Shetreet -- Globalization of Human Rights and Mutual Influence between Courts: The Innovative Reverse Path of the Right to the Truth /Arianna Vedaschi -- The Independence of the Judiciary in Belgium /Marc Bossuyt -- On Fairness /Sir Louis Blom-Cooper QC -- The Conceptual Definition of the Constitutional Court in Italy /Giuseppe Franco Ferrari -- The Scope of Judicial Review and the Rule of Law: Between Judicial Restraint and Judicial Activism /Sir Louis Blom-Cooper QC -- Entering the Political Thicket: The Role of the Judiciary as an Arbiter in Relation to Making and Implementation of Public Policy /Anton Cooray -- On Judges Writing Commentaries: Is It Appropriate for a Judge to Engage in Outside Activities? /Fryderyk Zoll -- Procedural Guarantees of Independence and Impartiality of Judges in Russia /Sergey Nikitin -- The Relationship of the Judiciary and Legislature in Australia /HP Lee -- Relations Between the Court and the Parties in the Managerial Age /Neil Andrews -- Independence of Court Proceedings: Impartiality and Fairness /Dmitry Magonya -- Recusal of Judges: A Commonwealth Survey of the Applicable Tests /Cyrus Das -- The Status of Codes of Judicial Conduct in Comparative Perspectives /Shimon Shetreet -- Judicial Independence in the Context of International Investment Law /Guiguo Wang -- Judicial Impartiality in International Courts: Of Law and Corruption /Wayne McCormack -- Arbitral Awards and Errors of English Law: Refining The Law – Making Function of The Judicial Appeal System /Neil Andrews -- The Influence of the European Convention on Human Rights on Judicial Independence in Criminal Procedural Law in Switzerland /Gian Andrea Danuser -- Recent Developments in Judicial Elections in the United States and their Impact on Impartiality of Judges /Chandra R. de Silva -- Culture and Judicial Independence in Civil Procedure /Dmitry Maleshin -- Constitutional Adjudication and Appointments to the uk Supreme Court /Sophie Turenne -- Appointment of Judges and Legal Responsibility of Judges: Guarantees of Independence in Russia /Sergey Nikitin -- The Bumpy Road Towards Judicial Independence: Past, Present and Future Prospects of Mainland China /Liu Hao -- Administrative Justice System in Italy /Giuseppe Franco Ferrari -- Judicial Independence and the Three Highest Courts in Austria /Walter H. Rechberger -- Analysis of the Amendments to the Mt. Scopus International Standards of Judicial Independence /Shimon Shetreet.

Preface --Editors' Note --List of Authors --General Questions in Intellectual Property: Of Traditional Values and Modernity: A New Japanese Litigiousness? --General Questions in Intellectual Property: Fifteen Years of the Eurasian Patent System --I. General Questions in Intellectual Property: Positive Attitude of the Japanese Judiciary on Patent Cases --General Questions in Intellectual Property: The Role of Patent Firms in the Economic Development of Japan --General Questions in Intellectual Property: The Reform of Japanese Judicial System to Make an IP-Based Nation --General Questions in Intellectual Property: Japan's History of Intellectual Property Policy and Patent Act --General Questions in Intellectual Property: The Court of Justice of the European Union: The Future European and EU Patents Court: Hierarchy, Complementarity, Rivalry? --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: "Support Requirement" in Japan: A Private Practitioner's View --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: Current State of Disclosure Requirements in Japan: A Judge's View --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: Allowability of Disclaimers --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: Can a Prior Foreign Application not Satisfying the Disclosure Requirement Serve as a Basis for the Convention Priority? --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: Opposition Proceedings at the EPO: Tips for Success --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: Recent Intellectual Property High Court Decisions in Japan on Inventive Step --Patent Prosecution And Patentability Requirements: Keeping the Patent-Eligibility Door Open for New Technologies --Patent Litigation Systems: Copying: Forbidden – Allowed – Desirable – Required? --Patent Litigation Systems: The Interaction between Infringement and Nullity Decisions in German Patent Disputes --Patent Litigation Systems: Patent Litigation in Switzerland – At the Brink of a New Era --Patent Litigation Systems: Notable Differences between Korean and German Patent Infringement and Invalidation Practices --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: Protective Order in Japan / Waves from U.S., towards Taiwan --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: The New German Nullity Procedural Law: A Means to Shorten the Length of the Proceedings? --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: Seizure Proceedings in the Netherlands: A New Weapon? --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: Protection of Confidential Information in Patent Litigation in the UK --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: Rights to Sue for Assignment in Japanese Patent Law --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: Expediency of Amendments during Nullity Appeal Proceedings --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: The Rare German Negative Declaratory Action --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: A Study of International Jurisdiction in Japan, Europe and the United States --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: The Seizure Infringement Procedure under French Patent Law --Patent Litigation: Procedural Law: Protection of Confidential Information in Patent Litigation in Germany --Patent Litigation: Substantive Law: Interpretation and Determination of the Scope of Patents by the French Courts --Patent Litigation: Substantive Law: Patent Infringement by Multiple Parties in Japan --Patent Litigation: Substantive Law: Parallel Imports of Trade Marked Goods in Japan --Patent Litigation: Substantive Law: Equivalent Infringement: A Question of Time?.

Foreword --Introduction --Document Disclosure, Evidentiary Value of Documents and Burden of Evidence --Privilege-Related Issues in International Arbitration --State Courts and Document Production --National Broadcasting Company, Inc. and NBC Europe, Inc. v. Bear Stearns & Co., Inc.; Merrill Lynch & Company; Salomon Brothers, Inc.; SBC Warburg, Inc.; Violy Byorum & Partners; and TV Azteca S.A. de C.V. (165 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 1999)), United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Docket No. 98-7468, 26 January 1999 --Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (542 U.S. 241 (2004)), United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Docket No. 02–572, 21 June 2004 --Roz Trading, Ltd. v. Coca-Cola Company (469 F.Supp. 2d 1221 (N.D. Ga. 2006)), United States District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Case No. 1:06-cv-02305-WSD, 19 December 2006 --Babcock Borsig AG v. Babcock Power Inc. and Babcock-Hitachi K.K. (2008 wL 4748208 (D.Mass. 2008)), United States District Court, District of Massachusetts, Case No. 08-mc-10128-DPW, 30 October 2008 --Life Receivables Trust and Life Settlements Corporation, Doing Business as Peachtree Life Settlements v. Syndicate 102 at Lloyd's of London (549 F.3d 210 (2d Cir. 2008)), United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Docket No. 07-1197-cv, 25 November 2008 --Production of Documents and Fraud in International Arbitration --Adverse Inferences in International Arbitration --X. SA v. Y. Inc., Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, 1st Civil Law Chamber, Case No. 4A_450/2007, 9 January 2008 --X v. Y, ICC Award No. 8694, 1996 --United Mexican States v. Marvin Roy Feldman Karpa and The Attorney General of Canada, Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Docket No. 03-CV-23500, 3 December 2003 --United Mexican States v. Marvin Roy Feldman Karpa and The Attorney General of Canada, Court of Appeal of Ontario, Docket No. C41169, 11 January 2005 --Dongwoo Mann and Hummel Co Ltd v. Mann and Hummel GmbH ([2008] SGHC 67), Supreme Court of Singapore, High Court, Suit No. OS 713/2007, 8 May 2008 --Mr. R. K. Bhandari v. Shri Satish Jassal, High Court of Delhi, Case No. 257/2007, 3 August 2007 --Are the IBA Rules "Perfectible"? --US-Style Discovery: Good or Evil ? --ICDR Guidelines for Arbitrators Concerning Exchanges of Information 2008 --Massive Productions of Documents and Demonstrative Exhibits --The Paper Tsunami in International Arbitration: Problems, Risks for the Arbitrators' Decision Making and Possible Solutions --Will Electronic Evidence and e-discovery Change The Face of Arbitration ? --Electronic Disclosure in International Arbitration: The CIArb. Protocol for e-disclosure in Arbitration --The ICC Task Force on the Production of Electronic Documents in Arbitration–An Overview --Options for Approaching Evidentiary Privilege in International Arbitration --Concluding Remarks.

The post-industrialized world has reached the vanguard of the knowledge based society. There the creation of knowledge and delivering of education have become a pivotal asset. In the era of worldwide integration of goods, services, and people, higher education organizations today heavily depend upon the international interaction of individuals and the exchange of information. Higher education organizations always maintained international relations, globalization, however, increased the size, scope and intensity in an unprecedented way. These developments introduced a new paradigm of competition for resources in the field of higher education. It causes additional demands and expectations vis-à-vis higher education organizations which they have to address in one way or the other. This research project investigates one of the consequences, the phenomenon of a rising number of offshore organizations of universities. Literature of this field studies either globalization of higher education as a general topic and herewith examines policies and national strategies or it studies cases of offshore organizations stressing the cultural normative aspect. Therefore, this work introduced institutional theory to combine the macro with the micro perspective which generates reliable explanations for raised questions in that field. The thesis discusses the topic along three main questions: (1) What are the underlying institutional logics which shape the field of transnational higher education? (2) When does institutional complexity become evident and how are offshore organizations of universities responding to institutional complexity? (3) How can responses of offshore organizations be managed in a way that supports a favorable outcome of the operations? Collected data originate from a two year field research between 2013 and 2015. The study analyzes 25 offshore organizations of universities located in Singapore and surroundings with their parent organizations originally based in Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United States of America. In total 40 semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of offshore organizations who have managerial responsibilities, which resulted in 42 hours of recorded audio material. Approximately 600 pages of transcribed interview tapes were analyzed to identify practices, assumptions, values, beliefs and rules. The analysis shows that there are six competing institutional logics which cause institutional complexity. Not only do they struggle for dominance they are also in conflict with each other. This means that following one script of appropriate behavior leads to denial of another one. Thus responses to these various demands and expectations are manifold. However, there are three organizational attributes which define the way how organizations are addressing institutional complexity. The manipulation of these three features allows the management to control the way how offshore organizations response to competing demands and expectations. As a result offshore organizations are able to align the response with the strategic intent of the operation.

Band 9 des Jahrbuchs für direkte Demokratie enthält Beiträge zur digitalen Transformation der direkten Demokratie bzw. zur elektronischen Weiterentwicklung der partizipativen Demokratie; zur Frage, wie direkte Demokratie populismusresistent gestaltet werden kann sowie zum Zusammenspiel zwischen direkter und repräsentativer Demokratie in Italien. In zwei Aufsätzen werden die Entwicklung und Praxis der direkten Demokratie in Liechtenstein und in Ungarn analysiert. Gewohnt sachkundig wird zudem über die jüngsten Entwicklungen in der Schweiz, in Österreich und in Deutschland sowie die Rechtsprechung zur direkten Demokratie berichtet. Einzelne Beiträge berücksichtigen zudem Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit der Corona-Pandemie bis Mitte 2020. Mit Beiträgen von Carsten Berger, Prof. Dr. Nadja Braun Binder, Dr. Clau Dermont, Prof. Dr. Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle, Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Gilardi, Maël Kubli Eliane Kunz, Dr. Wilfried Marxer, Prof. Dr. Zóltan Tibor Pállinger, Prof. Dr. Arne Pautsch, Prof. Dr. Klaus Poier, Frank Rehmet, Prof. Dr. Margrit Seckelmann, PD Dr. Goran Seferovic, Prof. Dr. Nenad Stojanović, Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, PD Dr. Andrea Töndury, Martin Widmer und Prof. Dr. Fabian Wittreck.

The police can be seen as a governmental institution or as an organizational body, where especially the work - effectiveness, or fairness in encounters - is valued. Through the combination of these approaches and the inclusion of social trust and criminal victimization, Silvia Staubli offers an understanding beyond existing literature on institutional trust and procedural fairness. Moreover, due to analyses for Eastern and Western Europe, she addresses experts from sociology, political science, criminology, and social anthropology equally. Beyond, the study offers an insight to the public on how public opinions towards institutions are shaped.