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143 pages, [1] table cards, composite map, [4] table cards ; 15 cm ; Release date based on the Library Hub Discover online ; 143 strony, [1] karta tablic mapa złożona, [4] karty tablic ; 15 cm ; Data wydania na podstawie Library Hub Discover online

Britain in the European Union – its past, present and future
The aim of this article is to depict and analyse Britain's relations with the European Union, their historical context, the present time and possible scenarios for the future. These relations have always been strained. Europe has been seen as a menace rather than an opportunity. Britain used to slow down the process of integration and consequently has often fallen behind and had no choice but to catch up. However, the portrayal of Britain as an "awkward partner" is only partly justified. Based on its specific understanding of national sovereignty, Britain has developed a much more pragmatic and instrumental approach towards Europe. Nevertheless, the country was a strong driving force of integration in many crucial fields, like the single market, trade or defence policy. Britain has always accepted its membership in the EEC/EU only when exclusion from them could threaten Britain's national interests, mainly in economic dimension. The European integration has always been a contentious issue and an important tool of domestic policy. Britain decided to join the EEC in 1973 mainly because of its poor economic performance. Nowadays one of the most burning issues is the announced referendum concerning Britain's further membership in the EU. The withdrawal from the EU is possible, but there is little probability of it, because of strong economic ties. However, if eurozone integration proceeds without Britain and so deeply that the single market starts to fragment, the strongest argument for British membership could be undermined. Generally, we should expect further cooperation between Britain and the EU based on mutual pragmatism.

The paper focuses on the attitude of the British government towards the Katyn massacre of 1940 under Margaret Thatcher's leadership. The aim of the article is an in‑depth analysis of this attitude and the identification of the factors shaping it. The comparison of Margaret Thatcher's governments' attitude to the massacre with the previous British policy, especially as to the question of the responsibility for the crime and the way the victims should be commemorated, accounts for an important element of the paper's conclusions. The article dissects political, legal, moral and symbolic dimensions of the issue in order to present the problem in a comprehensive way. For this purpose the historical background of "the fight for the truth about Katyn" was included as well. By showing the broader Cold War relations context, the article presents the key international aspect of the British policy towards the Katyn massacre.

288 pages ; 15 cm ; Release date based on the Library Hub Discover online ; 288 stron ; 15 cm ; Data wydania na podstawie Library Hub Discover online