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This article considers the implications of the tax salience literature for the United Kingdom. First, the different categories, and definitions, of tax salience that have developed in the literature are reviewed, and some of the prescriptive implications of these terms are introduced. Tax salience refers, essentially, to the capacity of taxpayers to understand legislation. Thus, the potential reasons behind tax complexity and the potential beneficiaries of it are addressed. The article considers the contribution that the tax salience literature may make to existing analyses in the United Kingdom, particularly, in the (1) debate surrounding principles-based legislation and (2) context of newly formed government offices devoted, to some extent, to considering the role and value of salience. It is suggested that it is worth heeding the admonitions of Schenk, Gamage and Shanske, and others, that 'salience' is a layered term that should be employed with specific reference to political, economic and legal contexts. It is also acknowledged that the conclusions of some portions of the tax salience literature that legislative clarity should be included only within a list of priorities for legislative drafting, and not necessarily at the top of that list, is evocative of existing analyses of 'principles-based drafting' in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and elsewhere. Neither salience nor principles-based drafting have the potential, on their own, to 'fix' the problem of tax complexity. The article, however, considers the implications of either raising or lowering salience on the list of desirable factors in drafting, in the particular context of fostering trust between taxpayers and the state.

All Direct and Indirect taxes accompanied by tax laws, accounting, auditing and tax returns, can be abolished if a new tax system called "TOP Tax system" is adopted and implemented by all nations. Ultimate economic reforms will relieve 7 billion people of the world from the cobweb of ambiguous and complex tax structures, plethora of tax laws, mandatory and cumbersome accounting, auditing, tax returns and consequent quagmire of all tax related cases. Taxation, tax collection, tax enforcement, tax compliance, allocation of revenues to various ministries or departments and money supply into the economy are unified and integrated in the banking system. In this new tax system there will be no Direct taxes, Indirect taxes, tax laws, tax returns, tax collection departments, tax enforcement agencies and tax tribunals. Citizens need not maintain separate account books and submit tax returns annually for paying either Direct taxes on personal incomes or Indirect taxes while running business or industry. Yet, the tax revenues collected by banks from single tax called TOP Tax will be 30 to 40% more when compared to total tax revenues accrued from all Direct and Indirect taxes in the present tax system. TOP Tax system" will make the budget preparation of any country to be simple, easy and time saving exercise. 100% tax collections without tax collection departments. There will be no tax collection expenditure for the Governments and no tax compliance cost for the people. There will be no check posts, way bills, accounting, auditing, tax laws, tax raids, etc., Tax component on any commodity or service will be less than 11%, unlike more than 30% in the present tax system. The prices will be substantially decreased. There will be no tax evasion and its main product black money. Read full article. http://taxationreforms.com. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Behördenkontakte aus der Sicht des Bürgers, gezeigt am Beispiel des
Finanzamts.

Themen: Art und Häufigkeit der Kontakte zum Finanzamt; Entfernung zu
dieser Behörde; Schwierigkeiten beim Ausfüllen von Formularen für die
Einkommenssteuererklärung; Selbsteinschätzung des Kenntnisstands in
Steuerfragen; präferierte Informationsquelle in Steuerfragen; erhobene
Einsprüche gegen Entscheidungen des Finanzamts und Erfolge dieser
Einsprüche; Einschätzung der Steuergerechtigkeit; allgemeine
Zufriedenheit mit den Entscheidungen sowie der Bearbeitungsdauer bei den
Behörden; Einschätzung des Finanzamts im Vergleich zu anderen Behörden;
Beurteilung der Finanzverwaltung und der Finanzbeamten (Skala);
Bewertung des persönlichen Kontaktes zum Finanzbeamten im Vergleich zu
postalischen Kontakten; Einschätzung der Beeinflußbarkeit von
Finanzbeamten und der Abhängigkeitsbeziehung des Bürgers vom Finanzamt;
eigene Handlungsfähigkeit gegenüber den Mitarbeitern des Finanzamts;
Kenntnisse über die organisatorische Situation und über die
Zuständigkeit in der Finanzverwaltung; Einstellung zum Staat und zur
Administration (Skala).

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Geschlecht; Konfession; Religiosität;
Schulbildung; Beruf; Berufsgruppe; Einkommen; Berufstätigkeit der
Haushaltsmitglieder; Haushaltszusammensetzung.

Interviewerrating: Ort; Beginn und Ende des Interviews.

Beurteilung der Kompliziertheit des Steuersystems in Deutschland und
der Notwendigkeit einer Steuerreform. Erwartete Veränderungen bei einer
Steuervereinfachung. Präferenz für ein Steuersystem.

Themen: Zahlen von Lohnsteuer oder Einkommensteuer; Umfang der
Beschäftigung mit dem Lohnsteuerjahresausgleich; Beschäftigungsdauer
mit dem eigenen Lohnsteuerjahresausgleich; Beurteilung der
Kompliziertheit des Steuersystems in Deutschland; Notwendigkeit einer
Steuerreform; Erwartung von vermehrter Steuergerechtigkeit oder
Ungerechtigkeit durch eine Steuervereinfachung; Assoziationen zum
Begriff ´Steuervereinfachung´; eigene Opferbereitschaft in Form von
Verzicht auf Steuervergünstigungen für das Ziel einer
Steuervereinfachung; Präferenz für ein Steuersystem mit niedrigen
Einkommensteuertarifen und wenigen Steuervergünstigungen oder für ein
gegenteiliges System; Einstellung zu einer verstärkten Pauschalierung
(statt Einzelnachweis) zur Steuervereinfachung; akzeptierter Abbau von
ausgewählten Vergünstigungen und ausgewählten Pauschalierungen zur
Steuervereinfachung; Akzeptanz einer Mineralölsteuererhöhung zugunsten
des Wegfalls von Kraftfahrzeugsteuern; Einstellung zu einer
vereinfachten Steuererklärung durch den Wegfall von Einzelnachweisen
zugunsten eines erhöhten Freibetrages; Einstellung zur Abgabe von
Steuererklärungen im Zweijahresrhythmus; Selbsteinstufung der eigenen
wirtschaftlichen Lage; Parteipräferenz (Sonntagsfrage);
Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten
Bundestagswahl; Wohnstatus.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Religiosität;
Schulbildung; Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Einkommen; Haushaltseinkommen;
Haushaltsgröße; Wohnsituation.

Surveys on tax compliance and non-compliance often rely on ad hoc formulated items which lack standardization and empirical validation. We present an inventory to assess tax compliance and distinguish between different forms of compliance and non-compliance: voluntary versus enforced compliance, tax avoidance, and tax evasion. First, items to measure voluntary and enforced compliance, avoidance, and evasion were drawn up (collected from past research and newly developed), and tested empirically with the aim of producing four validated scales with a clear factorial structure. Second, findings from the first analyses were replicated and extended to validation on the basis of motivational postures. A standardized inventory is provided which can be used in surveys in order to collect data which are comparable across research focusing on self-reports. The inventory can be used in either of two ways: either in its entirety, or by applying the single scales independently, allowing an economical and fast assessment of different facets of tax compliance.

This article considers the implications of the tax salience literature for the United Kingdom. First, the different categories, and definitions, of tax salience that have developed in the literature are reviewed, and some of the prescriptive implications of these terms are introduced. Tax salience refers, essentially, to the capacity of taxpayers to understand legislation. Thus, the potential reasons behind tax complexity and the potential beneficiaries of it are addressed. The article considers the contribution that the tax salience literature may make to existing analyses in the United Kingdom, particularly, in the (1) debate surrounding principles-based legislation and (2) context of newly formed government offices devoted, to some extent, to considering the role and value of salience. It is suggested that it is worth heeding the admonitions of Schenk, Gamage and Shanske, and others, that 'salience' is a layered term that should be employed with specific reference to political, economic and legal contexts. It is also acknowledged that the conclusions of some portions of the tax salience literature that legislative clarity should be included only within a list of priorities for legislative drafting, and not necessarily at the top of that list, is evocative of existing analyses of 'principles-based drafting' in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and elsewhere. Neither salience nor principles-based drafting have the potential, on their own, to 'fix' the problem of tax complexity. The article, however, considers the implications of either raising or lowering salience on the list of desirable factors in drafting, in the particular context of fostering trust between taxpayers and the state.

A strictly risk-averse manager makes joint decisions on a firm's tax payments and book profit declarations according to accounting standards. It is analysed how the incentives to overpay or evade taxes and to inflate book profits are influenced by (1) the composition of the manager's remuneration, (2) the ability to control the manager's actions, (3) the costs of making untruthful profit declarations, and (4) the tax rate. If the firm's owner or the government takes into account these effects when pursuing his own objectives, the changes in tax payments and book profit declarations become theoretically more ambiguous.

Beiträge der ersten 'Asian-Pacific Tax Conference', die im Juli 1983 in Singapur stattfand; behandelt wurden Themen wie Steuerhinterziehung, Steuerpolitik, Besteuerung in asiatischen Staaten und - im Vergleich - in europäischen Ländern. (DÜI-Xyl)