Suchergebnisse

For Japanese people tea is first and foremost green tea. Tea has a long history in Japan, having been introduced into the country more than 1000 years ago by Buddhist monks returning from China. From that time on tea drinking spread to the samurai and aristocratic classes, and at the end of the 16th century Sen-no Rikyu evolved what is known as the tea ceremony CHANOYU, which became an important part of Japan's culture. At the end of the 19th century, with the loosening up of Japan's diplomatic relations, the cultivation and production of tea as an export item earning foreign currency was promoted by the government and production became more and more widespread. Following this tea came to be consumed also by ordinary people.

Tea has been grown in Vietnam for over 2,000 years and the custom of tea drinking has been handed down from generation to generation.At the end of the 19th century the French colonial power set up the first tea plantation in order to commercialize tea in Vietnam. Large scale commercialization started in 1918 after the creation of the Union of Vietnam Tea Farming-Industry. During the French War (1945 -1954), the teamarket collapsed, and most tea plantations were abandoned, until 1960 to 1970, when there was a strong revival. During this period area under tea increased by 14,330 hectares. The implementation of doi moi (open door policy of the government) added to the surge of revival. Between 1990 and 2003 tea production, yield and area increased at average annual rates of 7, 3.5, 3.1 percent, respectively. Despite this growth, the average yield remains relatively low at 0.95 ton made tea /hectare, compared to India at 1.8 ton and Kenya at 2.2 ton. In 2003 the tea industry, which depended on Inter-governmental trade with Iraq, suffered due to the Iraq war.

Pakistan has a long tradition of tea drinking that has now become an integral part of the countrys social life. The first tea experiments were initiated in the thenWest Pakistan (present Pakistan) in village Baffa (district Mansehra, NWFP) under the auspices of Pakistan Tea Board in 1958.These efforts were not followed up because tea production in the then East Pakistan (now Bagladesh) met the needs of the Nation. Subsequently, efforts to grow tea were reinitiated in1964 at Misriot Dam near Rawalpindi but due to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions could not achieve the desired results (Annual Report PARC-1996). After the delinking of East Pakistan the entire requirement of tea is imported by Pakistan (Refer Tea imports by Pakistan, Hanif Janoo, IJTS 1:4, 2002). Pakistan is the 3rd largest importer of tea after England and Russia and the consumption is increasing day by day with the increase in population. The quantity and cost of black tea imported during the past ten years is given in Table 1.Tea ranks 8th in the major.

Field experiments were conducted at two places in Tamil Nadu (India) to determine the residues of bifenthrin in black tea. Residues were quantified at different harvest intervals of '0' (3 hr), 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after acaricide application. Persistence, dissipation pattern, half-life value and safe harvest interval of the acaricide in tea were calculated. Residues of bifenthrin dissipated exponentially after application at both the locations and reached below the European Union maximum residue limit (MRL) of 5 mg kg-1 on the 10th day. Bifenthrin showed that like other acaricides it followed the first order dissipation kinetics. Half-life values varied from 2.4 to 3.2 days for bifenthrin and a safe harvest interval of 10 days is suggested for tea at the recommended dosage.

"There are as many different ways of growing and preparing tea as there are ways of serving and enjoying it, and this book explores them all, from the intricacies of the Japanese tea ceremony to the advent of the teabag and instant tea. The tea-party was as much a staple of social life in ancient China as in the nineteenth-century drawing-rooms of Europe, and bricks of tea transported perilously by yak caravan were as central to life in the Tibetan monastery as the gently simmering samovar was to the life of imperial Russia. This illustrated book tells the story of tea around the world, and celebrates its contribution, past and present, to civilized existence."--BOOK JACKET

Rezension: Rong Xinyu, von seinen Freunden auch Arthur genannt, ist Teemeister ersten Grades, Teeproduktionsgroßmeister, Teekünstler, Professor an der Universität Zhejiang und vieles mehr. Vier Jahre hat er nunmehr an diesem Buch gearbeitet, das eine Reihe neuer Aspekte enthält. In seinem 2017 anläßlich der Frankfurter Buchmesse auf Englisch erschienenen Buch 'Tea Nation' malt er einen weiten Spannungsbogen. Anders als viele andere, die die Anfänge der Teekultur im Mythologischen verorten, versucht er die Ursprünge eher wissenschaftlich herzuleiten, wenn man sich bisweilen auch Quellenangaben und Belege wünschte. Nun folgt auf dreihundert lesenswerten Seiten eine tour d'horizon durch die Geschichte des Tees, die er schließlich mit einem Ausblick, The Tea of the Future, beschließt, der zwar originell ist, aber nicht jedem gefallen dürfte ...

India is one of the largest producers of tea in the world, and we consume most of what we produce.