Suchergebnisse

The paper estimates the impact of import tariffs on Russia's trade balance. Empirical model analyzes Russian trade by industries and partner countries, taking into account import tariffs on both industrial output and intermediate goods. It is shown that the aggregate impact of import duties on trade balance is negative in all industries outside the fuel and energy sector. Decrease in import tariffs is likely to improve market positions of Russian non-fuel exports, especially in such industries as machine building and metal works, agriculture and forestry, chemistry and light industry.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a review of literature on the composition of exports and imports during 2005-2011 in Kosovo and key findings from secondary research on the reasons for the high trade deficit which affects economic development within this country. Design/Methodology/Approach – This paper presents secondary data related to background of the international trade and its increasing importance throughout the years because globalization. Then it is followed by characteristics of Kosovo's trade environment, its domination of imports from 2005 to 2011 and its comparison with EU and non EU countries. Findings – The results of this paper illustrates that Kosovo is facing a major problem with its negative balance of trade, suffering with excessive volume of imported goods and insufficient exported goods. Kosovo's trade marked an increase of its exports with annual average growth rate of 36%, on the other hand imports marked an increase with annual average growth rate of 13%, while the share of exports and imports of GDP was relatively 60% by the year of 2011. The reasons of poor export performance are mainly based on social, political, and economical issues that Kosovo is confronting. Nevertheless, government took important macroeconomic steps, as well as developed comprehensive process to review, shift the political and economic policies, to sustain the countries balance of trade in long term.

When the world shifted to the regime of flexible exchange rates after 1970, economists expected that large trade imbalances would soon disappear. Instead, such imbalances not only persisted but soared in the 1980s and 1990s, in spite of significant changes in important currencies such as the yen, the mark and the dollar. This paper reports that manufacturing importers tend to suffer trade deficits whereas exporters of manufacturing products tend to enjoy trade surpluses. The reason lies in the higher rates of productivity growth experienced by exporters of manufactures.