Suchergebnisse

Hungarian economy adapting to accelerated globalisation has to meet world-economic challenges on several levels. The development and international competitiveness of certain national economies depend not least on the extent to which they can realise advantages stemming from FDI inflow and operation, especially that of TNCs. It can be judged only by analysis based on empirical facts whether how much TNCs contribute to the internal development of a national economy, how much they can promote its internal integration (development of connections among sectors), how much they contribute to the manifestation of pulling effects, to what extent they improve the economy's capital endowment, financial resources; what new management skills, organisational and marketing knowledge, new technology, information, market and selling opportunities they provide; how much they contribute to the efficiency improvement of products, services and labour; that is - in sum - to what extent they further the improvement of the competitiveness of countries - that of Hungary and Mexico in the certain case.

В статье выявлены политико-экономические предпосылки и основные этапы становления и развития транснациональных компаний (ТНК). Проведенная периодизация ТНК позволила выделить пять основных этапов их эволюции. На основе анализа статистических отчетов Конференции ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД) дана обстоятельная характеристика последнего этапа. В настоящее время наблюдается высокая отраслевая дифференциация бизнеса с ростом роли инфраструктурных и инновационных отраслей при сохранении высокого присутствия в рейтинге крупнейших ТНК нефтедобывающего сектора. Можно отметить высокий уровень региональной неравномерности транснационализации бизнеса по странам: снижение рейтинговых показателей по ТНК США и Японии при сохранении стабильных индексов транснационализации европейских ТНК и усилении позиций компаний Франции, Великобритании и Германии. Рассмотрение количественных показателей выявило отсутствие заметной корреляции между величиной зарубежных активов и индексом транснациональности. ; The article reveals political and economic preconditions and main stages oftransnational companies' (TNCs') development. We exposed five main stages of their evolution. Based on the analysis of statistical reports of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) description and features of the last stage are given. There is a high industrial differentiation of international business with the growing role of infrastructural and innovative industries while maintenance a high presence of the largest petroleum TNCs in the ranking list. The high level of regional unevenness business transnationalityby country is found out. It is expressed in lower rating positionsof U.S. and Japananise Multinationals, while maintenance stable indexes of European TNCs, especially from France, the UK and Germany. Consideration of quantitative indicators showed no noticeable correlation between the quantity of foreign assets and the Transnationality Index.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a critical and broad perspective on how transnational companies (TNCs) behave in the global context, focussing its attention on the controversial issue of tax avoidance in the UK. It pursues this aim by taking into account not only economic globalisation, mobility of capital and tax havens but also ethics and corporate social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThis paper seeks to provide an interdisciplinary viewpoint drawing not only from well-established scholarly literature but also from real cases and evidence, such as the scandals involving corporate giants, such as Starbucks, Google and Amazon in the UK.FindingsThis paper highlights the fundamental interplay and mutual aid of ethics and international laws, underlining the increasing importance of corporate social responsibility principles in today's business practices. However, it also emphasises the need of reinforcing these principles with either regional or universalistic legal approaches to tackle TNCs' misconduct in the international arena.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that by establishing and enforcing international business laws, increasingly aligned with ethical principles, the gap between ethics and legislation can be consistently bridged. Hence, TNCs' behaviour could be more efficiently controlled.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on modern economic globalisation by providing a comprehensive and integrative perspective on TNCs' behaviour, accounting for the interplay of socio-ethical, legal and business principles.

Despite international media's waning attention, research and political debates on global land grabbing have not subsided. We argue the importance of understanding the 'transnational land investment web' of corporate and state actors and institutions, which are not always immediately visible. Focusing on transnational corporations (TNCs) based in the European Union (EU), we examine five sets of actors and institutional spheres through which these actors are able to grab lands beyond Europe. It is crucial to understand these not as individual sets of actors or institutions, but as interconnected sets, comprising a web. These are EU-based: (1) Private companies using regular institutional platforms; (2) Finance capital companies; (3) Public–private partnerships; (4) Development Finance Institutions; and (5) Companies using EU policies to gain control of land through the supply chain. One implication of this complex web is that democratic governance in the context of land grabs becomes an even more daunting challenge.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the direct-investing foreign companies and the Government of Liberia (GOL). The report emphasis is put on three aspects. Firstly, the direct income-generating effects of the companies. Secondly, The GOL's policy towards these companies and their part in a development strategy. Thirdly, the distribution of purchase of goods and services.

World Investment Report 2007 : transnational corporations, extractive industries and development / UNCTAD. - New York [u.a.], 2007

Transnational corporations (TNCs) are driving globalisation, but is there any evidence that the boards who govern these corporations are becoming more global? The question is intriguing to those who study corporate governance and those interested in the sociology of global capitalism, but up to now evidence on the extent of TNC board globalisation is largely anecdotal or weak. To address this issue I conducted a follow‐up to Gillies' and Dickinson's (1999Corporate Governance: An International Journal, 7, 237–247) study of 80 of the world's largest TNCs. These authors reported that in 1993 36.3 per cent of these companies had at least one non‐national board member. In late 2005 I found, in contrast, that 75 per cent of these companies had at least one non‐national board member. However, the evidence also shows that while this trend has certainly become more widespread, it is not yet very deep; on average, only 25 per cent of these boards consisted of non‐nationals, while non‐nationals made up a majority of the board in only 10 per cent of these cases. Nevertheless, this trend toward more multinational boards is worth monitoring because such boards provide a transnational social infrastructure which may facilitate the emergence of a global business class.