Suchergebnisse

A new task-analysis method is presented which emphasizes definition of task terms, statement of task limits, and a means by which all tasks can be directly and objectively compared and evaluated as to their effectiveness.

It is important to seek an accurate working definition of the residential care worker's major tasks. This involves making some arbitrary divisions between aspects of caring functions. Some of these divisions relate to aspects such as physical care functions, creating a total living situation, relating to families, and using resources of specialists. These aspects are presented diagrammatically and discussed. It is concluded that a definition of residential care functions is one key in the future development of residential care services.

Some theoretical considerations are made on the previous definitions of acoustic noise and the classification of its effects on organisms. A definition is proposed relating acoustic noise to its environmental source and the informational content of the specific task in which it occurs. An experimental study explores this proposal.

SeeRECORDING. This keynote is both a practical and strategic view of information literacy from my perspective as a Senior Lecturer in Educational Development at City University, London and Chair of the UK's Information Literacy Group. I'll reflect on the experiences I have had since leaving the library profession and moving into the field of educational development, which involves working with faculty to enhance teaching and learning and to develop their curricula. Since taking on this role I have had rich conversations with academic staff about all aspects of information literacy, often under other guises. I've recently undertaken a small-scale study to understand their approach to thinking about the related concepts of digital literacy and open practice and I'll discuss some findings from this research. Faculty express concerns about how to create independent learners in the age where information is abundant, but knowledge is still scarce and privileged. Those who complete my module on the same topics have reflected on the plethora of terms and frameworks which are designed to support them which in fact sometimes leave them further confused. I'll also draw on a recent chapter I wrote (Secker, 2018) on the trouble that terminology can cause, when we try to collaborate with both academic staff and with colleagues in other areas of learning support. The second part of my keynote will focus on the efforts of the UK's Information Literacy Group (ILG) to broaden the definition of information literacy and to try to get the concept recognised outside the library. In many ways there are parallels between the work I do at an institutional level and the efforts of the group to raise awareness of information literacy more broadly. In April 2018 the ILG launched a new definition of information literacy and much of the efforts of the group have been to build links with organisations and people outside of the library sector. For us to achieve true universal information literacy, as Paul Zurkowski first envisaged, (Zurkowski, 1974) I will argue information literacy needs to become an ongoing concern or everyone who works in education, government, the media or who cares about social justice. I'll end by considering the challenges and opportunities that collaboration presents whether it is librarians, academics and other professional staff in education or policy makers and other organisations working with those outside the library world. Collaboration is vital for information literacy to become truly embedded into all aspects of formal and informal learning and to achieve the goal of universal information literacy that Zurkowski first envisaged. However, we still have a big task ahead of us to achieve this. I will attempt to consider the lessons I've learnt from working in this field for over 15 years, and advocate for a vision of information literacy that extends far beyond the library community. I'll draw on the work and the framework in developed in 2011 (Secker and Coonan, 2013) to explore how we can rethink information literacy and provide a framework for supporting learning in the digital age.

The proposed system consists of a number of conventions which allow postures to be numerically defined and recorded. The analyst's task is then to establish: (1) the levels at which joints and limbs are located; (2) the body's base posture within X, Y, and Z coordinate planes; and (3) the direction and amount of movement within these planes. The total capability of movement is listed in a table, and illustrations show how the proposed conventions are to be applied. A "Posturegram" has been designed and two examples are shown. The recorded posture can subsequently be digitally encoded, transmitted, and reconstructed. Accuracy of the definition depends on the measurement techniques used by the analyst. The conventions are applicable to all human subjects, irrespective of individual proportions, and can be interpreted in any language without the use of pictures.

AbstractTwo fundamental tasks of syntactic inquiry are to identify the elementary structure‐building operations and to determine what properties they have and why. This article aims to bring us closer to those goals by investigating Merge. Two recent definitions of Merge are evaluated. It is argued that both have significant strengths but also some drawbacks, and that set‐theoretic definitions of Merge in general face conceptual problems. It is proposed that Merge is not set‐theoretic but graph‐theoretic in nature: the syntactic objects it operates on and creates are (bare‐phrase‐structure‐compliant) phrase‐structure trees. Two new formal definitions of Merge are proposed and evaluated. One obeys the No‐Tampering Condition but makes it unclear why Merge() satisfies only one selectional feature of , not all of them. The other accounts for that observation but narrowly violates the No‐Tampering Condition. The larger picture that emerges is one in which Merge is a graph‐theoretic, not a set‐theoretic, operation.

A categorical menu structure based on experts' semantic memory organization was developed, and search efficiency using this menu organization, relative to search efficiency using alphabetic and random menu organizations, was evaluated for users with different levels of expertise. In Experiment 1 experts in psychology sorted 120 psychological terms and the data were submitted to a multidimensional scaling procedure to identify the clusters of terms used to develop the categorical menu organization. In Experiment 2 search efficiency with the three different menu organizations was evaluated for users with different levels of expertise in the subject domain on two different search tasks: (1) definition matching, wherein given a definition, it was necessary to find the correct term with its definition; and (2) term matching, wherein given a term, it was necessary to find the identical term with its definition. Performance on both search tasks improved directly with expertise in the subject area when the categorical menu organization was used, and experts completed the definition-matching task faster than novices with all three types of menu organization. However, performance on the term-matching task was not influenced by expertise when alphabetic and random menu organizations were used.

Intro -- Contents -- Translator's Foreword -- Publisher's Note -- I: THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW: War Emergency Semester 1919 -- PRELIMINARY REMARKS -- Science and University Reform -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. Philosophy and Worldview -- a) Worldview as Immanent Task of Philosophy -- b) Worldview as Limit of the Critical Science of Value -- c) The Paradox of the Problem of Worldview. Incompatibility between Philosophy and Worldview -- PART ONE: THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AS PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE -- Chapter One: The Search for a Methodological Way -- 2. The Idea of Primordial Science -- 3. The Way Out through the History of Philosophy -- 4. The Way Out through the Philosopher's Scientific Attitude of Mind -- 5. The Way Out through Inductive Metaphysics -- Chapter Two: Critique of Teleological-Critical Method -- 6. Knowledge and Psychology -- 7. The Axiomatic Fundamental Problem -- 8. Teleological-Critical Method of Finding Norms -- 9. The Methodological Function of Material Pregivenness -- 10. Giving of Ideals as the Core Element of Method. Misunderstanding of the Problematic Primordial Science -- 11. Investigation of the Claim to Primordial Science by the Teleological-Critical Method -- 12. Inclusion of the Pre-Theoretical Sphere. Psychology's Sphere of Objects -- PART TWO: PHENOMENOLOGY AS PRE-THEORETICAL PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE -- Chapter One: Analysis of the Structure of Experience -- 13. The Experience of the Question: 'Is There Something?' -- 14. The Environmental Experience -- 15. Comparison of Experiential Structures. Process and Event -- Chapter Two: The Problem of Presuppositions -- 16. The Epistemological Question of the Reality of the External World. Standpoints of Critical Realism and Idealism

AbstractThe revolution in information and communications technologies has put service tasks with strong tradability characteristics at high risk of being offshored. This article reviews studies proposing indicators of service tradability, exploring the labour market implications of service offshoring and developing theories to rationalize the facts. It suggests that both skill intensity and tradability are determinants of wage and employment effects. Nonetheless, the lack of widely accepted definitions of tradability, the absence of high‐quality data on service trade flows and the difficulty of measuring import competition at higher disaggregation levels pose difficulties in achieving further progress, pointing to areas for future research.