Authors of this article analyze the process of innovation policy structure selection and prioritization from the perspective of national knowledge intensive industries. Innovation policy is analyzed in the context of the National Innovation System (NIS) development procedure. The systematic approach to innovation gives a realistic view of innovation processes and can hence serve as a ratable framework to derive innovation and technology policy measures. In order to utilize the systematic approach for the formulation and implementation of the innovation policy there is a need to analyze the relations between the system and the national innovation processes in high technology sector. [].
Authors of this article analyze the process of innovation policy structure selection and prioritization from the perspective of national knowledge intensive industries. Innovation policy is analyzed in the context of the National Innovation System (NIS) development procedure. The systematic approach to innovation gives a realistic view of innovation processes and can hence serve as a ratable framework to derive innovation and technology policy measures. In order to utilize the systematic approach for the formulation and implementation of the innovation policy there is a need to analyze the relations between the system and the national innovation processes in high technology sector. [].
In the article, innovations are treated as a content of the strategy of local government institutions. It is shown that service innovation typologies in local government institutions can be applied only partly because political innovations are not evaluated according to any typology. There are four levels of innovations presented in the article: political, organizational potential development, administration, and functional activities. At the level of organizational potential development, three types of innovations are identified: new values, organizational structure innovations, and management system innovations. Administration level innovations are treated as service and process innovations. At the level of functional activities, innovations of human resources, finance, and marketing are identified. Using method of sociological survey, it has been proved that innovations of organizational potential development and functional activities are necessary at local government organizations. Benefits and obstacles of innovations have been showed, too.
In the article, innovations are treated as a content of the strategy of local government institutions. It is shown that service innovation typologies in local government institutions can be applied only partly because political innovations are not evaluated according to any typology. There are four levels of innovations presented in the article: political, organizational potential development, administration, and functional activities. At the level of organizational potential development, three types of innovations are identified: new values, organizational structure innovations, and management system innovations. Administration level innovations are treated as service and process innovations. At the level of functional activities, innovations of human resources, finance, and marketing are identified. Using method of sociological survey, it has been proved that innovations of organizational potential development and functional activities are necessary at local government organizations. Benefits and obstacles of innovations have been showed, too.
The European Union (EU) member states are receiving a considerable amount of investments so they would bring a positive and constructive effect on the national innovation performance. However, the situation in separate member states differ significantly. It must be emphasized that side factors, such as economic conditions, or national social, cultural and political aspects, can influence the degree of capabilities to use these financial inflows efficiently. Nevertheless, an investigation of these factors in the context of the evaluation of the influence exerted by EU investment is fairly limited. On top of that, the general tendency of empirical research is to include only the 'traditional' technological innovative output, e.g. patents, yet not every innovation can be patented and not every patent reflects innovation. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of EU investment on the member states' innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. To reach that aim, the role of EU research and innovation investment is analysed and the current methods used in EU investment influence evaluations are determined. Furthermore, the concept of national innovation capacity, together with the national innovation capacity framework, are redefined, and an alternative methodology for the assessment is proposed. To continue with, econometric analysis and modelling are employed in evaluating the influence of EU investment on member states' innovation performance. Finally, the dynamics and variation of the effects of individual Framework Programmes over time and across the member states are investigated.
The European Union (EU) member states are receiving a considerable amount of investments so they would bring a positive and constructive effect on the national innovation performance. However, the situation in separate member states differ significantly. It must be emphasized that side factors, such as economic conditions, or national social, cultural and political aspects, can influence the degree of capabilities to use these financial inflows efficiently. Nevertheless, an investigation of these factors in the context of the evaluation of the influence exerted by EU investment is fairly limited. On top of that, the general tendency of empirical research is to include only the 'traditional' technological innovative output, e.g. patents, yet not every innovation can be patented and not every patent reflects innovation. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of EU investment on the member states' innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. To reach that aim, the role of EU research and innovation investment is analysed and the current methods used in EU investment influence evaluations are determined. Furthermore, the concept of national innovation capacity, together with the national innovation capacity framework, are redefined, and an alternative methodology for the assessment is proposed. To continue with, econometric analysis and modelling are employed in evaluating the influence of EU investment on member states' innovation performance. Finally, the dynamics and variation of the effects of individual Framework Programmes over time and across the member states are investigated.
The European Union (EU) member states are receiving a considerable amount of investments so they would bring a positive and constructive effect on the national innovation performance. However, the situation in separate member states differ significantly. It must be emphasized that side factors, such as economic conditions, or national social, cultural and political aspects, can influence the degree of capabilities to use these financial inflows efficiently. Nevertheless, an investigation of these factors in the context of the evaluation of the influence exerted by EU investment is fairly limited. On top of that, the general tendency of empirical research is to include only the 'traditional' technological innovative output, e.g. patents, yet not every innovation can be patented and not every patent reflects innovation. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of EU investment on the member states' innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. To reach that aim, the role of EU research and innovation investment is analysed and the current methods used in EU investment influence evaluations are determined. Furthermore, the concept of national innovation capacity, together with the national innovation capacity framework, are redefined, and an alternative methodology for the assessment is proposed. To continue with, econometric analysis and modelling are employed in evaluating the influence of EU investment on member states' innovation performance. Finally, the dynamics and variation of the effects of individual Framework Programmes over time and across the member states are investigated.
The European Union (EU) member states are receiving a considerable amount of investments so they would bring a positive and constructive effect on the national innovation performance. However, the situation in separate member states differ significantly. It must be emphasized that side factors, such as economic conditions, or national social, cultural and political aspects, can influence the degree of capabilities to use these financial inflows efficiently. Nevertheless, an investigation of these factors in the context of the evaluation of the influence exerted by EU investment is fairly limited. On top of that, the general tendency of empirical research is to include only the 'traditional' technological innovative output, e.g. patents, yet not every innovation can be patented and not every patent reflects innovation. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of EU investment on the member states' innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. To reach that aim, the role of EU research and innovation investment is analysed and the current methods used in EU investment influence evaluations are determined. Furthermore, the concept of national innovation capacity, together with the national innovation capacity framework, are redefined, and an alternative methodology for the assessment is proposed. To continue with, econometric analysis and modelling are employed in evaluating the influence of EU investment on member states' innovation performance. Finally, the dynamics and variation of the effects of individual Framework Programmes over time and across the member states are investigated.
The paper deals with the use of scientific and technological potential in Lithuania under conditions of global economy. Aft er acknowledging that the need for innovations and scientific knowledge for the economic development becomes more and more relevant and the efficient sciencebusiness cooperation is necessary when solving relevant economic development and technology progress problems on the global scale the results of the research on science and technology development, funding, human resources and innovation development in Lithuania as well as in the EU-27 are present ed in the article. Though currently a lot of research works dealing with the problems of the scientific and technological pot ent ial use appear some questions have not been analysed properly. In scientific literature there is no common opinion about the definit ion of the scientific and technological potential and the factors having the biggest influence on the scientific and technological pot ent ial development have not been identified, estimated and analysed properly. The results of the research have shown that the science and technology development in Lithuania depends on the close cooperation between business and public sector; however Lithuania remains behind the others in context of the European Union countries. It is stated that not all possibilities to improve the count ry's competitive ability under condit ions of global economy have been currently used.
The paper deals with the use of scientific and technological potential in Lithuania under conditions of global economy. Aft er acknowledging that the need for innovations and scientific knowledge for the economic development becomes more and more relevant and the efficient sciencebusiness cooperation is necessary when solving relevant economic development and technology progress problems on the global scale the results of the research on science and technology development, funding, human resources and innovation development in Lithuania as well as in the EU-27 are present ed in the article. Though currently a lot of research works dealing with the problems of the scientific and technological pot ent ial use appear some questions have not been analysed properly. In scientific literature there is no common opinion about the definit ion of the scientific and technological potential and the factors having the biggest influence on the scientific and technological pot ent ial development have not been identified, estimated and analysed properly. The results of the research have shown that the science and technology development in Lithuania depends on the close cooperation between business and public sector; however Lithuania remains behind the others in context of the European Union countries. It is stated that not all possibilities to improve the count ry's competitive ability under condit ions of global economy have been currently used.
This paper analyzes the impact of technological evolution to the transformation of Chinese military doctrine. According to a widely accepted opinion, the modernization process of military system is best implemented by using the principle of "learning by doing" or "learning by fighting". However, China's case is different and unique because China learns from other countries' wars and is executing military modernization during peace time. The lack of direct military experience forms a thinking according to which China is most likely executing a full copying process of foreign militaries' management, integration of military theory and adaptation of technologies. Nevertheless, the research based on the analysis model of qualitative case studies has justified the main statement which tells that the lessons from other, foreign wars create a distinctive and unique model of Chinese military doctrinal changes. After implementing a chronological analysis of Chinese military doctrines' development and a practical analysis of two military conflicts (the first Persian Gulf War 1990, Kosovo War 1999), it can be stated that the process of technological evolution is really visible in the tranformation of China's military doctrine. While the technological evolution really changed some important aspects of Chinese military thinking, however China did not execute a full copying process of foreign militaries. PLA (People's Liberation Army) tried to overtake, understand and integrate the most suitable practices and technologies which would operate in the cooperation system of modern warfare and traditional Chinese military mind. What is more, the analysis carried out in this paper has uncovered different areas of technological influence. Some of these areas are transformation of operational doctrine; technocratic culture broadening inside the PLA structure; innovation process of specific military weaponry; technological influence on the changes of geopolitical situation. The analytical research of all these processes proved that China gradually created a distinctive and unique model of doctrinal changes.
This paper analyzes the impact of technological evolution to the transformation of Chinese military doctrine. According to a widely accepted opinion, the modernization process of military system is best implemented by using the principle of "learning by doing" or "learning by fighting". However, China's case is different and unique because China learns from other countries' wars and is executing military modernization during peace time. The lack of direct military experience forms a thinking according to which China is most likely executing a full copying process of foreign militaries' management, integration of military theory and adaptation of technologies. Nevertheless, the research based on the analysis model of qualitative case studies has justified the main statement which tells that the lessons from other, foreign wars create a distinctive and unique model of Chinese military doctrinal changes. After implementing a chronological analysis of Chinese military doctrines' development and a practical analysis of two military conflicts (the first Persian Gulf War 1990, Kosovo War 1999), it can be stated that the process of technological evolution is really visible in the tranformation of China's military doctrine. While the technological evolution really changed some important aspects of Chinese military thinking, however China did not execute a full copying process of foreign militaries. PLA (People's Liberation Army) tried to overtake, understand and integrate the most suitable practices and technologies which would operate in the cooperation system of modern warfare and traditional Chinese military mind. What is more, the analysis carried out in this paper has uncovered different areas of technological influence. Some of these areas are transformation of operational doctrine; technocratic culture broadening inside the PLA structure; innovation process of specific military weaponry; technological influence on the changes of geopolitical situation. The analytical research of all these processes proved that China gradually created a distinctive and unique model of doctrinal changes.
This paper analyzes the impact of technological evolution to the transformation of Chinese military doctrine. According to a widely accepted opinion, the modernization process of military system is best implemented by using the principle of "learning by doing" or "learning by fighting". However, China's case is different and unique because China learns from other countries' wars and is executing military modernization during peace time. The lack of direct military experience forms a thinking according to which China is most likely executing a full copying process of foreign militaries' management, integration of military theory and adaptation of technologies. Nevertheless, the research based on the analysis model of qualitative case studies has justified the main statement which tells that the lessons from other, foreign wars create a distinctive and unique model of Chinese military doctrinal changes. After implementing a chronological analysis of Chinese military doctrines' development and a practical analysis of two military conflicts (the first Persian Gulf War 1990, Kosovo War 1999), it can be stated that the process of technological evolution is really visible in the tranformation of China's military doctrine. While the technological evolution really changed some important aspects of Chinese military thinking, however China did not execute a full copying process of foreign militaries. PLA (People's Liberation Army) tried to overtake, understand and integrate the most suitable practices and technologies which would operate in the cooperation system of modern warfare and traditional Chinese military mind. What is more, the analysis carried out in this paper has uncovered different areas of technological influence. Some of these areas are transformation of operational doctrine; technocratic culture broadening inside the PLA structure; innovation process of specific military weaponry; technological influence on the changes of geopolitical situation. The analytical research of all these processes proved that China gradually created a distinctive and unique model of doctrinal changes.
This paper analyzes the impact of technological evolution to the transformation of Chinese military doctrine. According to a widely accepted opinion, the modernization process of military system is best implemented by using the principle of "learning by doing" or "learning by fighting". However, China's case is different and unique because China learns from other countries' wars and is executing military modernization during peace time. The lack of direct military experience forms a thinking according to which China is most likely executing a full copying process of foreign militaries' management, integration of military theory and adaptation of technologies. Nevertheless, the research based on the analysis model of qualitative case studies has justified the main statement which tells that the lessons from other, foreign wars create a distinctive and unique model of Chinese military doctrinal changes. After implementing a chronological analysis of Chinese military doctrines' development and a practical analysis of two military conflicts (the first Persian Gulf War 1990, Kosovo War 1999), it can be stated that the process of technological evolution is really visible in the tranformation of China's military doctrine. While the technological evolution really changed some important aspects of Chinese military thinking, however China did not execute a full copying process of foreign militaries. PLA (People's Liberation Army) tried to overtake, understand and integrate the most suitable practices and technologies which would operate in the cooperation system of modern warfare and traditional Chinese military mind. What is more, the analysis carried out in this paper has uncovered different areas of technological influence. Some of these areas are transformation of operational doctrine; technocratic culture broadening inside the PLA structure; innovation process of specific military weaponry; technological influence on the changes of geopolitical situation. The analytical research of all these processes proved that China gradually created a distinctive and unique model of doctrinal changes.
