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The scientiic and technological (S&T) development of the Russian Federation is one of the government top priorities. In the context of globalization, a clear image of the country's global S&T ranking can be helpful for decision making in science policy. The paper analyzes the main international statistical data banks which allow for cross-country comparisons of S&T capabilities and reviews various international rankings, including special innovation indices and rankings based on science and technology indicators, which provide opportunity to locate position of Russia in the global S&T and innovation landscape. The study is based on data from the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), UNESCO, international rankings relecting the countries' readiness for a knowledge-based economy: the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index, The IMD World Competitiveness, The Global Talent Competitiveness Index, the Networked Readiness Index. The article focuses on analysis of Russia's positions in international science, technology and innovation rankings. The discussion ends with the conclusion that despite rather high R&D expenditures and quality of human capital, R&D efectiveness and impact of S&T on the Russian economy are estimated as rather low.

This is a review of the second volume of A. Battler's "Mirology". The author presents a critical analysis of theories of international relations in Western, Japanese, Chinese, Soviet and Russian science. Battler's theoretical research focuses on the analysis of the problem of power in international relations, progress and agency. Special attention is paid to the political economy of international relations. ; В рецензии анализируется второй том работы А. Бэттлера «Мирология» (Бэттлер А. Мирология. Прогресс и сила в мировых отношениях. М. : ИТРК, 2015. Т. II. Борьба всех против всех. 672 с.). Отмечается авторский критический анализ теорий международных отношений в западной, японской, китайской, советской и российской науке. Центральное место в теоретической разработке самого А. Бэттлера занимает анализ проблемы силы в международных отношениях, прогресса и субъектности. Особое внимание уделяется политэкономии международных отношений.

The article provides an overview of international and Russian literature on the genesis and development of System Research in IR studies, demonstrates the emergence of System Research in Russia and in the world, the development of the general theory of systems. It is shown that at the fi rst stage, the representatives of natural sciences tried to identify the isomorphism between the international relations system and other systems (biological, physical). In this context, the attempts to form a general theory of international confl ict could be viewed. It is noted that at the beginning of the 1970s, these attempts ended unsuccessfully in general. The second area of international relations system modeling is related to the work of structural realists, primarily K. Waltz and M. Kaplan. Despite the fact that in their papers the verbal analysis dominates over the formal international relations system model, they have madea signifi cant contribution to the political science in perception of the systems theory. The paper also describes the system modeling in the context of the Neo-Marxist theory of international relations, fi rst and foremost, in the meaning of the I. Wallerstein's world-system theory. Special attention is paid to the systemic research crisis in the IR science at the turn of 1980-1990s, also due to a sharp change in the international situation, and the transition from a predominantly deterministic world of the Cold War to the post-bipolar non-equilibrium international system. The authors clearly reveal the evolution of the international relations perception in terms of the systems theory. They also illustrate the intensifi cation of the international system modeling in the XXIst century on the basis of a new methodology - via the use of the more sophisticated complexity theory (the theory of complex systems), as well as by adapting the sociological theory of structuration by A. Giddens in political sciences. Showing the most promising areas of the complexity theory practical application in the modeling of international relations - agentbased modeling and simulation of system dynamics, - the authors enumerate the most promising spheres for the system modeling in international studies.

Раздел "Международные отношения" ; В статье проанализировано влияние идей национализма на содержание и характер международных отношений в прошлом и настоящем. Автор подчеркивает, что в условиях глобализации не исчезают проявления национального самосознания. Наоборот, в разных регионах планеты, включая территорию бывшего СССР, проявляется стремление к поиску национальной идентичности в крайней форме, что может привести к фашизации политических систем в отдельных странах. Такие тенденции подрывают основы международной безопасности, поскольку в перспективе в мире могут появиться десятки новых государственных образований. К сожалению, современные международные институты не уделяют данной проблеме внимания, и процесс носит в основном стихийный характер. = The article analyzes the influence of nationalistic ideas on the content and character of international relations in the past and at present. The author emphasizes that the manifestations of national identity do not disappear under globalization. To the contrary, various regions of the planet including the former USSR territory, demonstrate intense search for national identity in extreme forms which can lead to political systems becoming fascist in some countries. Such trends undermine the basis of international security since they may result eventually in emergence of scores of new states. Unfortunately, contemporary institutions do not pay sufficient attention to these problems, so the process bears a spontaneous character.

The work considers topical issues of international economic relations of Uzbekistan. An analysis of the development of Uzbekistan's integration into the world economy is being conducted. The main government documents aimed at deepening economic reforms and structural reforms in the country's economy are given. A brief analysis of domestic economists and data of international economic bases formed the basis of this work. Political and economic relations as a basis for international cooperation in recent years have been reviewed and analyzed. Priority directions of the country's economy have been identified and the problems and prospects for the growth of Uzbekistan's international cooperation with neighbouring countries and Europe have been assessed. In conclusion, the conclusion is made about improving the functioning of market infrastructure and creating an effective market mechanism.

This article deals with the issues of regulation of property relations of spouses in private international law. The article deals with the conflict issues of marriage, as well as the contractual regime of a property of spouses. The article reveals the content of the Minsk and Chisinau conventions on property relations between spouses. In particular, the conventions say that the property relations between spouses are determined by the legislation of the Contracting Party in whose territory they live together. If the husband lives in one Contracting State and the wife in the other and both have the same nationality, the law of the country of which they are nationals governs their property relations. Attention is paid to bilateral agreements on legal assistance to States in the field of property relations between spouses. For example, such an agreement exists between Russia and Estonia, and it helps to resolve various property issues between spouses. The domestic legislation of different States regulates the issue of determining the regime of matrimonial property in different ways. For example, in the States of the Anglo-Saxon legal system and in most Muslim countries there is only a regime of separate property. On the contrary, in the States of the Romano-German legal system, preference is given to the regime of the common property of spouses, and it is possible to establish a different regime of property relations by agreement of the spouses. According to this principle, and developing family law in Russia.

Present research article is an abridged version of the Chapter I. in collective monograph "System approach to the study of international relations". Research paper covers the system analysis of international relations in contemporary scholarly discourse. It focuses on the specificity of the system analysis approach in the study of international political processes; theoretical propositions/ "developments" and analytical approaches of American, European, as well as Russian and Chinese scholars to the study of international systems were mainly scrutinized in this paper.

The article reveals the question of international economic relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The policy of Uzbekistan on the development of international trade and economic cooperation. And also, the economic relations of Uzbekistan and Russia. Economic relations with the countries Iran and Azerbaijan.

The phenomenon of exceptional (to the extent of chaos) conceptual and terminological diversity is currently observed in the research of S&T development and in the practice of public administration of science and technology in the Russian Federation. It has the most strong and negative impact at the federal level as it appears in the strategic planning documents, which sum up and put into action the governmental science and technology policy (in terms of goal setting, forecasting, planning and programming the socio-economic development and national security). The article seeks to comprehend and explain the root cause of this conceptual and terminological diversity, that lie, in the author's opinion, in the excessive decentralization and weak public administration of the S&T development in the country. In the face of new global challenges and threats the leading role of the state in S&T development should be drastically increased. The article outlines juridical principles of the Russian S&T modernization at the current stage of development.

International audience ; The educational and methodological manual is devoted to the main issues of modern world politics and international relations. In particular, the main trends in the development of world politics are analyzed through the prism of the main theories of international relations, such as: political realism, liberalism, neorealism and neoliberalism, as well as constructivism and feminism. Along with this, the manual introduces the regional and global developments in the post-Soviet space, Europe, the Middle East, as well as in the Asia-Pacific, Latin American and African regions. Special emphasis is placed on the geopolitical priorities of Armenia and the South Caucasus. The course ends with lectures on the technological developments of our time, their impact on international relations, as well as models for the formation of a strategy for a secure Future. ; Учебно-методическое пособие посвящено основным проблемам современной мировой политики и международных от-ношений. В частности, главные тенденции развития мировой политики анализируются сквозь призму основных теорий между-народных отношений – таких, как: политический реализм, либерализм, неореализм и неолиберализм, а также конструктивизм и феминизм. Наряду с этим, пособие знакомит с региональными и глобальными развитиями на постсоветском пространстве, Европе, Ближнем Востоке, а также в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском, Латиноамериканском и Африканском регионах. Особый акцент ставится на геополитические приоритеты Армении и Южного Кавказа. Курс завершается лекциями, посвященными технологическим развитиям современности, их влиянию на международные отношения, а также моделям формирования стратегии безопасного Будущего.

Прослеживается история возникновения и развития социологии международных отношений как самостоятельной науки. Особое внимание уделено вкладу русских ученых в становление социологии международных отношений. Отмечается, что предыстория русской школы данного научного направления берет начало еще в XIX в. в работах Н. И. Кареева, Л. И. Мечникова, а термин «социология международных отношений» введен в научный оборот русским исследователем В. Ю. Ключниковым в 1922 г. Рассматриваются различные точки зрения на социологию международных отношений. Авторская позиция заключается в том, что отрицать изучение мирополитических реалий с позиций социологии невозможно, поскольку общество может быть как международным, так и национальным. Проведен сравнительный анализ основных положений национальных (российской, китайской и западной) школ социологии международных отношений. Охарактеризованы три основные русские традиции в изучении международных отношений: западничество, державничество и третьеримство. Делается вывод о том, что в условиях кризиса вестфальской системы, а также нарастающей хаотизации и выхода на международную арену новых негосударственных акторов международные отношения все более социологизируются. = The article describes the history of the emergence and development of the sociology of international relations (SIR) as an independent science from the moment of its appearance to the present day. Special attention is paid to the contribution of Russian scientists to the development of the sociology of international relations. It is shown that the prehistory of the Russian school of sociology of international relations dates back to the 19th century in the works of N. Kareev, L. Mechnikov, and the term «sociology of international relations» was first introduced into scientific circulation by the Russian researcher V. Klyuchnikov in 1922. Different points of view on the sociology of international relations are considered. The author's position is that it is impossible to deny the study of world political realities from the standpoint of sociology, since society can be international in the same way as the national one. A comparative analysis of the main provisions of national (Russian, Chinese and Western) schools of international relations was conducted. Special attention is paid to the domestic school of sociology of international relations. Three major Russian tradition in the study of international relations – Westernism, Great power nationalism and Treterimstvo are characterized. It is concluded that under the crisis of the Westphalian system, increasing chaos and enter of new non-state actors on the international arena, international relations are increasingly sociological.

This article examines the world experience of applying information modeling (BIM) technologies to capital construction projects, accumulated at the turn of 2020, using the example of railway infrastructure. The article shows that in all the significant successes of using BIM in large infrastructure projects, the influence of the state, both legislative and scientific forces, is great. The participation of the state is explained by the fact that BIM is a technology of a new technological order based on the digitalization of the economy, and the possibilities of competition and development of states are determined by their ability to keep up with the technological race.The first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of public-private partnerships in the development of BIM technology on the example of large infrastructure projects.The second part of the article is focused on the analysis of the achieved level of development of BIM technology. It is concluded that BIM is a new paradigm - a drawingless technology for creating and managing engineering data in the life cycle of a construction object. Based on this conclusion, the main directions of technology development are determined.It is shown that after the success of information modeling at the design stage, now at the construction stage there is an accumulation of experience in the application of technology in order to abandon the drawings in favor of building directly from the models. Model-based construction planning has already received reliable digital tools, in the near future we expect to see the transfer of BIM technology to the operations of direct work on the construction site, primarily the operations of marking and installation. A separate chapter is devoted to these promising sub-technologies (mixed reality), with an example of possible application and expected effect.The article also pays attention to the issues of legitimizing work with BIM-models from the point of view of the legal significance of data and other important topics. ; В данной статье рассмотрен накопленный на рубеже 2020 года мировой опыт применения технологий информационного моделирования (BIM) к объектам капитального строительства на примере железнодорожной инфраструктуры. В статье показано, что во всех значимых успехах применения BIM в крупных инфраструктурных проектах велико влияние государства как законодательной, так и научной силы. Участие государства объясняется тем, что BIM является технологией нового технологического уклада, основанного на цифровизации экономики, а возможности конкуренции и развития государств определяются их способностью не отстать в технологической гонке.Анализу государственно-частного партнёрства в развитии технологии BIM на примере крупных инфраструктурных проектов посвящена первая часть статьи.Вторая часть статьи сосредоточена на анализе достигнутого уровня развития технологии BIM. Сделан вывод о том, что BIM является новой парадигмой – безчертёжной технологией создания и управления инженерными данными в жизненном цикле строительного объекта. На основе этого вывода определены основные направления развития технологии.Показано, что после успеха информационного моделирования на этапе проектирования, сейчас на этапе строительства происходит накопление опыта применения технологии с целью отказа от чертежей в пользу строительства непосредственно по моделям. Планирование строительства по моделям уже получило надёжные цифровые инструменты, в ближайшем будущем мы ожидаем увидеть перенос технологии BIM на операции непосредственного выполнения работ на стройплощадке, в первую очередь – операции разметки и монтажа. Этим перспективным субтехнологиям (mixed reality) посвящена отдельная глава, с примером возможного применения и ожидаемым эффектом.В статье также уделено внимание вопросам легитимизации работы с BIM-моделями с точки зрения юридической значимости данных и другим важным вопросам.

The article is devoted to the changing role of culture in international relations, which is analysed through the concept of "soft power". The investigated transformations of the concept of culture were examined on the basis of an analysis of documents and activities of the European Union. The main priorities of the EU in the development of international cultural relations are highlighted. Further, proceeding from world political trends and the general geopolitical situation, the author analyzes the relatively new structural elements of the concept of culture, namely: cultural security, cultural conflict, cultural war. It is concluded that culture becomes a hybrid construct; and "soft power" becomes not only an instrument of external influence and "advancement" of the state in the international arena, but also acquires "defensive" functions.Key words: cultural security, cultural conflict, "soft power", public diplomacy, EU. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению изменения роли культуры на современном этапе развития международных отношений сквозь призму понятия «мягкая сила». Исследуемые трансформации концепта культуры были рассмотрены на основе анализа документов и деятельности Европейского союза. Выделяются основные приоритеты ЕС в развитии международных культурных отношений. Далее, исходя из мировых политических тенденций и общей геополитической ситуации, автор анализирует относительно новые структурные элементы концепта культуры, а именно: культурная безопасность, культурный конфликт, культурная война. Делается вывод о том, что культура становится гибридным конструктом, а «мягкая сила» становится не только инструментом внешнего воздействия и «продвижения» государства на международной арене, но и приобретает «оборонительные» функции.Ключевые слова: культурная безопасность, культурный конфликт, «мягкая сила», публичная дипломатия, ЕС.

Статья представляет собой философское осмысление международных отношений. В частности, идёт речь о постсоветском пространстве – новом в политической практике явлением с особыми характеристиками. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что изучение структурирования международных отношений на постсоветском пространстве требует особого комплексного подхода. ; The article is a philosophical understanding of internatio-nal relations. Specifically, it deals with the post-Soviet space as a new, for political practice, phenomenon with special characteristics. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of the structuring of international relations in the post-Soviet space requires special integrated approach.

Participation of the church organizations in political process is considered. The Church as an institution takes an active part in international relations. Activity of the religious organizations on the international scene has ambiguous character. They, in a historical retrospective, used policy of interference in internal and in foreign affairs of the states. It is shown that religious institutes are capable to exert impact on policy of the state. Religious organizations have shown and have a contradictory impact on interstate relations. The church organizations tried to be active participants in political life. With the strengthening of secular power, religious organizations have not ceased to use political technologies of pressure on the policies of the ruling class. They changed them and adapted them to new political realities. As a rule, the church as an institution enjoys authority among the population in most countries. The world view of many social groups is still formed under the influence of religious doctrines and concepts. The church, as well as the state, can mobilize the supporters. Many of them are ready to advocate the interests of church in political process. The fate of many political regimes, directly depended on interaction with the leadership of the church. In turn modern political actors try to strengthen own political power by means of religious institute. The ruling class is interested in participation of church in policy. Their cooperation is mutually advantageous. Activization of the church organizations in political process depends on activity of the state. In Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church enjoys popularity. She actively advances interests of the Russian political elite which in turn give to ROC various support. Along with this, the church strives to counteract the spread of Western ideals in the country. Priests actively preach traditional Christian values in the socio-political process. Their influence increases every year. ; Рассмотрено участие церковных организаций в политическом процессе. Церковь как институт принимает активное участие в международных отношениях. Деятельность религиозных организаций на международной арене носит неоднозначный характер. Показано, что религиозные институты способны оказывать влияние на политику государства. Они, в исторической ретроспективе, использовали политику вмешательства во внутренние и во внешние дела государств. Религиозные организации проявляли и проявляют противоречивое воздействие на межгосударственные отношения. Церковные организации пытались быть деятельными участниками в политической жизни. При усилении светской власти, религиозные организации не перестали использовать политические технологии давления на политику правящего класса. Они их изменяли и адаптировали к новым политическим реалиям. Церковь как институт, как правило, пользуется авторитетом среди населения в большинстве стран. Мировоззрение многих социальных групп по-прежнему формируется под влиянием религиозных доктрин и концепций. Церковь, как и государство, может мобилизовать своих сторонников. Многие из них готовы отстаивать интересы церкви в политическом процессе. Участь многих политических режимов, непосредственным образом зависела от взаимодействия с руководством церкви. В свою очередь современные политические акторы пытаются усилить с помощью религиозного института собственную политическую власть. Правящий класс заинтересован в участии церкви в политике. Их сотрудничество является взаимовыгодным. Активизация церковных организаций в политическом процессе зависит от деятельности государства. В России популярностью пользуется Русская православная церковь. Она активно продвигает интересы российской политической элиты, которые в свою очередь оказывают РПЦ различную поддержку. Наряду с этим церковь стремиться противодействовать распространению в стране западных идеалов. Священнослужители активно проповедуют традиционные христианские ценности в общественно-политическом процессе. Их влияние с каждым годом увеличивается.