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We already entered the era of Unmanned Vehicles, drones, boats and more recently cars are going to be "driven" by software, sensors, cameras, radars and more are the senses of our vehicles. If the risk that a flying or floating drone can be hacked is concerning us as well as the temporary lack of specific legislation, what about the concerns related to ethical and moral aspects, not neglecting the legal ones, concerning autonomous road vehicles such as cars and buses ? Safety and security standards for such devices are not set actually, how will behave two cars, both from the same builder or not, in case of imminent collision? Of course, the cyber-driver is supposed to be perfect but the environment may introduce some bias, hence on the moral and ethical side how will the cyber-driver take decisions? As an additional concern, today even cars may be subject to cyber-attacks as it already happened to Jeep vehicles in the United States, if on one side the regular car service or re-call for update can be performed through the permanent car connection to the Internet, no more need to physically take the car back to the service (this might lead to unwanted outcomes), on the other side in case of cyber-attacks our car might behave in a unpredictable way. As a consequence, possibly before a mass diffusion of such vehicles, we must be aware about some aspects: the risk of cyber-attacks that may turn everyday commodities like cars into "weapons" and the "programmed" behaviour of cars in case of "risky" scenarios. Security standards and harmonised "behaviours" together with an appropriate legal framework will probably help.

Is procreation a biological act or an essentially human act? I believe that this is a fundamental question to be addressed when evaluating human reproductive technology. All the more so because assisted reproductive techniques can so easily shift from the therapeutic to the manipulative. The distinction between therapy and experimentation pure and simple lies at the very core of any analysis of this particular area of study in order to safeguard the integrity of the "person" which is the subject of treatment. I do not only refer here to the patient in the broad sense of the term, but to all parties involved in the reproductive process as well as the human life from inception. ; N/A

Chapter 1: Introduction: Understanding and Regulating Al-Powered Recommender systems -- Part I: Fairness and Transparency -- Chapter 2: Recommender Systems and Discrimination -- Chapter 3: From Algoritmic Transparency to Algorithmic Choice: European Perspectives on Recommender Systems and Platform Regulation -- Chapter 4: Black Hole instead of Black Box? - The Double Opaqueness of Recommender Systems on Gaming Platforms and its Legal Implications -- Chapter 5: Digital Labor as a Structural Fairness Issue in Recommender Systems -- Part II: Manipulation and Personal Autonomy -- Chapter 6: Recommender Systems, Manipulation and Private Autonomy - How European civil law regulates and should regulate recommender systems for the benefit of private autonomy -- Chapter 7: Reasoning with Recommender Systems? Practical Reasoning, Digital Nudging, and Autonomy -- Chapter 8: Recommending Ourselves to Death: values in the age of algorithms -- Part III: Designing and Evaluating Recommender Systems -- Chapter 9: Ethical and Legal Analysis of Machine Learning Based Systems: A Scenario Analysis of a Food Recommender System -- Chapter 10: Factors influencing trust and use of recommendation AI: A case study of diet improvement AI in Japan -- Chapter 11: Ethics of E-Learning Recommender Systems: Epistemic Positioning and Ideological Orientation.

Contents -- Introduction -- Complex issues in Global Perspective -- Foreword -- 1. Salla Silvola, Senior Advisor, Ministry of Justice, Finland -- 1.1 Regulations in the Nordic Countries -- 1.2 IVF surrogacy is prohibited in all the Nordic countries -- 1.3 Upcoming domestic reforms -- 1.4 Cross-border issues -- 2. Helga Sól Ólafsdóttir, Social Worker and Assistant Professor, University of Iceland -- 2.1 Counselling and ART -- 2.2 "What is wrong with me?" -- 2.3 A process that goes on for years -- 2.4 "The law does not make sense" -- 2.5 Reluctant to seek help

The key problems for the survival of mankind are disarmament and development. Science and technology play a major role as much to emphasize the threat as to give mankind the means to proceed to a correct identification of risks, the way to remedy them, and to move toward new promises and expectations. A philosophical and ethical clarification has become necessary, in the perspective of a new world economic order. A code of conduct must be sought, by consensus, for the international transfer of science and technology to reduce inequalities and inequities. The existing system of sociopolitical values must be reintegrated in a worldwide value system.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- PART I: Perspectives on Technology and Its Value -- 1 The Definition of Technology -- 2 Value-Free Technology? -- 3 The Values Built into Technologies -- 4 Technological Determinism: What It Is and Why It Matters -- 5 Heidegger's Philosophy of Technology -- 6 Postphenomenology and Ethics -- 7 Technology and the Extended Mind -- PART II: Technology and the Good Life -- 8 Ethical Theory and Technology -- 9 Disagreeing Well about Technology -- 10 Technology and the Virtue of Honesty -- 11 Confucian Ethics of Technology -- 12 Utilitarianism and Happy-People-Pills -- 13 Marxist Perspectives on Technology -- 14 Technology and Trust - A Kantian Approach -- PART III: Computer and Information Technology -- 15 Values in Artificial Intelligence Systems -- 16 A Kantian Course Correction for Machine Ethics -- 17 Ethical Issues Surrounding Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Mental Health: Psychotherapy Chatbots -- 18 Privacy, Security, and Surveillance -- 19 Being-in-the-Screen: Phenomenological Reflections on Contemporary Screenhood -- 20 Race, Gender, and Visibility on Social Media -- 21 Fake News: There's No App for Truthfulness -- PART IV: Technology in Business -- 22 Adam Smith on the Dangers of the Digital World -- 23 Social Media Firms, Echo Chambers, and the Good Life -- 24 Data Science and Business Ethics -- 25 Technology Firms and the Business Case for Diversity -- 26 Big Tech & -- Political Equality -- 27 AI and the Law: Can the Legal System Help Us Maximize Paperclips and Minimize Deaths? -- PART V: Biotechnology and the Ethics of Enhancement -- 28 Biomedical Technology and the Ethics of Enhancement -- 29 Genetic Enhancement: Just Say Yes -- 30 Feminism and the Ethics of Reprogenetic Technologies.

This book provides a wide and deep perspective on the ethical issues raised by pervasive information and communication technology (PICT) - small, powerful, and often inexpensive Internet-connected computing devices and systems. It describes complex and unfamiliar technologies and their implications, including the transformative potential of augmented reality, the power of location-linked information, and the uses of "big data," and explains potential threats, including privacy invaded, security violated, and independence compromised, often through widespread and lucrative manipulation. PICT is changing how we live, providing entertainment, useful tools, and life-saving systems. But the very smartphones that connect us to each other and to unlimited knowledge also provide a stream of data to systems that can be used for targeted advertising or police surveillance. Paradoxically, PICT expands our personal horizons while weaving a web that may ensnare whole communities. Chapters describe particular cases of PICT gone wrong, but also highlight its general utility. Every chapter includes ethical analysis and guidance, both specific and general. Topics are as focused as the Stuxnet worm and as broad as the innumerable ways new technologies are transforming medical care. Written for a broad audience and suitable for classes in emerging technologies, the book is an example of anticipatory ethics - "ethical analysis aimed at influencing the development of new technologies" (Deborah Johnson 2010). The growth of PICT is outpacing the development of regulations and laws to protect individuals, organizations, and nations from unintended harm and malicious havoc. This book alerts users to some of the hazards of PICT; encourages designers, developers, and merchants of PICT to take seriously their ethical responsibilities - if only to "do no harm" - before their

"What if what is permissible and acceptable today is anathema tomorrow? There is a whole canon of scholarly ethics books written with the express purpose of telling you what is RIGHT and what is WRONG. This is not one such book. Juan Enriquez wants to make it easier for us to talk to one another, to prod one another, to understand and guide one another without an everlasting certainty of strict RIGHT v WRONG"--

Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Digital Ethics: Goals and Approach -- 1.1 Digital Technologies As a Force of Good -- 1.2 The 2018 Yearbook -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Digital Ethics: Its Nature and Scope -- 2.1 Digital Ethics As a Macroethics -- 2.2 Digital Infrastructure -- 2.3 Cyber Conflicts -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Do We Need a Critical Evaluation of the Role of Mathematics in Data Science? -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mathematics and Explaining the Credibility of Data Practices -- 3.3 The Problem and the Domain -- 3.4 A Place for Mathematics? -- 3.5 Mature Science -- References -- Chapter 4: Using Data from Git and GitHub in Ethnographies of Software Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Git and GitHub -- 4.2.1 What Are Git and GitHub? -- 4.2.2 Commits: The Basic Unit of Version Control -- 4.3 Commits as Data -- 4.3.1 The Content of Commit Messages -- 4.3.2 Where to Find Commits: Branches and Forks -- 4.3.3 Interpreting the Commit History -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: The Price of Discovery: A Model of Scientific Research Markets -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Information Rules and Scientific Research -- 5.3 A Model for Scientific Research Markets -- 5.3.1 Monopsony Profit Maximisation -- 5.3.2 Competitive vs. Natural Monopoly Markets -- 5.3.3 Switching Costs -- 5.4 Case Studies -- 5.4.1 Arpanet -- 5.4.2 The Human Brain Project -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Projecting AI-Crime: A Review of Plausible Threats -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 General Threat Categories -- 6.3 Crime Areas -- 6.3.1 Commerce, Financial Markets, and Insolvency -- 6.3.2 Harmful or Dangerous Drugs -- 6.3.3 Offences Against the Person -- 6.3.4 Theft and Fraud, and Forgery and Personation -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: The Challenges of Cyber Deterrence -- 7.1 Introduction.