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This book is an outcome of the round table conference held in 1984 in Switzerland. It deals with decision of decentralization, structure of decentralized units, external power of decentralized unit, financial autonomy and decentralization and the protection of the basic rights.

SUMMARY: I. INTRODUCTION. - II. POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION AS A CONTEMPORARY PHENOMENON AND DEMAND: 1. THE CRISIS OF THE CENTRALIZED NATIONAL STATE. 2. THE CRISIS OF CLASSIC FORMS OF STATE AND THE OVERCOMING OF DICOTOMY: UNITARY STATE / FEDERAL STATE. 3. THE CENTRALISM OF THE OLD FEDERATIONS. 4. THE NEW FEDERALISMS. 5. THE DECENTRALIZATION OF THE UNITARY STATES. - III. THE REGIONAL STATE FORMULA: 1. BACKGROUND. 2. THE ITALIAN REGIONAL STATE. 3. T HE STATE OF COMMUNITIES AND REGIONS OF BELGIUM. 4. T HE STATE OF AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES SPANISH. 5. THE POLITICAL REGIONALIZATION OF FRANCE AND THE REGIONAL STATE. 6. OTHER EXPERIENCES OF POLITICAL REGIONALIZATION. - IV. CONCLUSION. ; SUMARIO: I. INTRODUCCIÓN. — II. LA DESCENTRALIZACIÓN POLÍTICA COMO FENÓMENO Y EXIGENCIA CONTEMPORÁNEOS: 1. LA CRISIS DEL ESTADO NACIONAL CENTRALIZADO. 2. LA CRISIS DE LAS CLÁSICAS FORMAS DE ESTADO Y LA SUPERACIÓN DE LA DICOTOMÍA: ESTADO UNITARIO/ESTADO FEDERAL. 3. EL CENTRALISMO DE LAS VIEJAS FEDERACIONES. 4. LOS NUEVOS FEDERALISMOS. 5. LA DESCENTRALIZACIÓN DE LOS ESTADOS UNITARIOS. — III. LA FORMULA DEL ESTADO REGIONAL: 1. ANTECEDENTES. 2. EL ESTADO REGIONAL ITALIANO. 3. E L ESTADO DE COMUNIDADES Y REGIONES DE BÉLGICA. 4. E L ESTADO DE COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS ESPAÑOL. 5. LA REGIONALIZACIÓN POLÍTICA DE FRANCIA Y EL ESTADO REGIONAL. 6. OTRAS EXPERIENCIAS DE REGIONALIZACIÓN POLÍTICA. — IV. CONCLUSIÓN.

Territorial – administrative division is a tangible entity of the existence of each state. It serves for the implementation of multiple organizational purposes, shows the scope of decentralization. Legally, the 6th Government of Lithuania developed the territorial decentralization reform in 1994. At present we have the 16th Government in Lithuania. Despite that we have a rather stable system of territorial – administrative division the ongoing debates over the regional level of governing and regional policy appear to be puzzling, they arise in the government's programs rather than in public and academic discourses. Thus the question persists: what are the trajectories that the debates over territorial decentralization could disclose along the followed scenarios? The paper is based on Pollit and Bouckaert's (2011, p. 75-76) methodological ideas. It aim at revealing the debate trajectories and scenarios applicable at least in three ways: (1) theoretically – a new historical fact ha s been substantiated; (2) discursively – the debates have been made public and (3) practically – governments could better understand the evolution of programs. While implementing the task, the official documents should be analyzed (government programs, laws, regulations, national and regional strategies, etc.), other scientific sources should be used as well.

Territorial – administrative division is a tangible entity of the existence of each state. It serves for the implementation of multiple organizational purposes, shows the scope of decentralization. Legally, the 6th Government of Lithuania developed the territorial decentralization reform in 1994. At present we have the 16th Government in Lithuania. Despite that we have a rather stable system of territorial – administrative division the ongoing debates over the regional level of governing and regional policy appear to be puzzling, they arise in the government's programs rather than in public and academic discourses. Thus the question persists: what are the trajectories that the debates over territorial decentralization could disclose along the followed scenarios? The paper is based on Pollit and Bouckaert's (2011, p. 75-76) methodological ideas. It aim at revealing the debate trajectories and scenarios applicable at least in three ways: (1) theoretically – a new historical fact ha s been substantiated; (2) discursively – the debates have been made public and (3) practically – governments could better understand the evolution of programs. While implementing the task, the official documents should be analyzed (government programs, laws, regulations, national and regional strategies, etc.), other scientific sources should be used as well.

Territorial – administrative division is a tangible entity of the existence of each state. It serves for the implementation of multiple organizational purposes, shows the scope of decentralization. Legally, the 6th Government of Lithuania developed the territorial decentralization reform in 1994. At present we have the 16th Government in Lithuania. Despite that we have a rather stable system of territorial – administrative division the ongoing debates over the regional level of governing and regional policy appear to be puzzling, they arise in the government's programs rather than in public and academic discourses. Thus the question persists: what are the trajectories that the debates over territorial decentralization could disclose along the followed scenarios? The paper is based on Pollit and Bouckaert's (2011, p. 75-76) methodological ideas. It aim at revealing the debate trajectories and scenarios applicable at least in three ways: (1) theoretically – a new historical fact ha s been substantiated; (2) discursively – the debates have been made public and (3) practically – governments could better understand the evolution of programs. While implementing the task, the official documents should be analyzed (government programs, laws, regulations, national and regional strategies, etc.), other scientific sources should be used as well.

Territorial – administrative division is a tangible entity of the existence of each state. It serves for the implementation of multiple organizational purposes, shows the scope of decentralization. Legally, the 6th Government of Lithuania developed the territorial decentralization reform in 1994. At present we have the 16th Government in Lithuania. Despite that we have a rather stable system of territorial – administrative division the ongoing debates over the regional level of governing and regional policy appear to be puzzling, they arise in the government's programs rather than in public and academic discourses. Thus the question persists: what are the trajectories that the debates over territorial decentralization could disclose along the followed scenarios? The paper is based on Pollit and Bouckaert's (2011, p. 75-76) methodological ideas. It aim at revealing the debate trajectories and scenarios applicable at least in three ways: (1) theoretically – a new historical fact ha s been substantiated; (2) discursively – the debates have been made public and (3) practically – governments could better understand the evolution of programs. While implementing the task, the official documents should be analyzed (government programs, laws, regulations, national and regional strategies, etc.), other scientific sources should be used as well.

Through these pages we will develop the connection and the importance of the Colombian territorial decentralization under the Andean integration process. For purposes of the foregoing, establish, from a general perspective, the main benefits that the Andean Community (CAN) can be obtained in the framework of the Colombian territorial decentralization; doing an analysis that discards the economic outlook, and consequently, preferring a political legal analysis. The type of research work used for these pages is synthetic, that is, try to highlight the entire contents of a subject or topic exposing their main and essential parts. At the same time and under the cited research work mode, these pages are confined in a scientific work typified in the form of "state of the art", ie a research work which reflects the scientific situation of a subject at a given time. Additionally, the method used for this research is analytic, ie that part of the complex, reaching as simple. © 2015, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.

Mediante las presentes páginas desarrollaremos la conexión y la importancia de la descentralización territorial colombiana en el marco del proceso andino de integración. Para efectos de lo anterior, estableceremos, desde una perspectiva general, los principales beneficios que la Comunidad Andina (CAN) puede obtener en el marco de la descentralización territorial colombiana; haciendo un análisis que descarta la perspectiva económica, y como consecuencia de ello, prefiriendo un análisis jurídico político. El tipo de trabajo de investigacion empleado para las presentes páginas es sintético, esto es, trata de poner de manifiesto la totalidad del contenido de una materia o tema exponiendo sus partes principales y esenciales. A su vez y en el marco del citada modalidad de trabajo de investigación, las presentes páginas se circunscriben en un trabajo científico tipificado en la modalidad de "los estados de la cuestión", esto es, en un trabajo de investigación que recoge la situación científica de una determinada materia en un determinado momento. Adicionalmente, el método empleado para la presente investigación es analítico, esto es, aquel que parte de lo complejo, llegando a lo más simple. ; Through these pages we will develop the connection and the importance of the Colombian territorial decentralization under the Andean integration process. For purposes of the foregoing, establish, from a general perspective, the main benefits that the Andean Community (CAN) can be obtained in the framework of the Colombian territorial decentralization; doing an analysis that discards the economic outlook, and consequently, preferring a political legal analysis.The type of research work used for these pages is synthetic, that is, try to highlight the entire contents of a subject or topic exposing their main and essential parts. At the same time and under the cited research work mode, these pages are confined in a scientific work typified in the form of "state of the art", ie a research work which reflects the scientific situation of a subject at a given time. Additionally, the method used for this research is analytic, ie that part of the complex, reaching as simple.

Through this article, the importance of Andean integration process in Colombian territorial decentralization will be developed. In order to make this possible, main benefits that Colombian territorial decentralization may obtain in Andean community framework will be set up, making an analysis which eliminates economic perspective, a main nucleus of any integration and consequently, preferring a juridical political analysis.The research work used is synthetic, that is to say, it tries to set up the total content of a subject or topic mentioning its main parts. As a research work, it is a scientif work typified as "los estados de la cuestión", it means a research work which collects the scientific situation of a specific subject in a specific moment. Additionally, the methold used for this research is analytic, it is the one which comes from what is complex to what is simple. ; Mediante las presentes páginas desarrollaremos la importancia del proceso andino de integración en la descentralización territorial colombiana. Para efectos de lo anterior, estableceremos, desde una perspectiva general, los principales beneficios que la descentralización territorial colombiana puede obtener en el marco de la Comunidad Andina (CAN), haciendo un análisis que descarta la perspectiva económica, núcleo rector de cualquier proceso de integración, ycomo consecuencia de ello, prefiriendo un análisis jurídico-político.El tipo de trabajo de investigacion empleado para las presentes páginas es sintético, esto es, trata de poner de manifiesto la totalidad del contenido de una materia o tema exponiendo sus partes principales y esenciales. A su vez, y en el marco del citada modalidad de trabajo de investigacion, las presentes páginas se circunscriben en un trabajo científico tipificado en la modalidad de"los estados de la cuestión", esto es, en un trabajo de investigacion que recoge la situación científica de una determinada materia en un determinado momento. Adicionalmente, el método empleado para la presente investigacion es analítico, esto es, aquel que parte de lo complejo, para llegar a lo más simple.

Mediante las presentes páginas desarrollaremos la importancia del proceso andino de integración en la descentralización territorial colombiana. Para efectos de lo anterior, estableceremos, desde una perspectiva general, los principales beneficios que la descentralización territorial colombiana puede obtener en el marco de la Comunidad Andina (CAN), haciendo un análisis que descarta la perspectiva económica, núcleo rector de cualquier proceso de integración, ycomo consecuencia de ello, prefiriendo un análisis jurídico-político.El tipo de trabajo de investigacion empleado para las presentes páginas es sintético, esto es, trata de poner de manifiesto la totalidad del contenido de una materia o tema exponiendo sus partes principales y esenciales. A su vez, y en el marco del citada modalidad de trabajo de investigación, las presentes páginas se circunscriben en un trabajo científico tipificado en la modalidad de"los estados de la cuestión", esto es, en un trabajo de investigación que recoge la situación científica de una determinada materia en un determinado momento. Adicionalmente, el método empleado para la presente investigación es analítico, esto es, aquel que parte de lo complejo, para llegar a lo más simple. ; Through this article, the importance of Andean integration process in Colombian territorial decentralization will be developed. In order to make this possible, main benefits that Colombian territorial decentralization may obtain in Andean community framework will be set up, making an analysis which eliminates economic perspective, a main nucleus of any integration and consequently, preferring a juridical political analysis.The research work used is synthetic, that is to say, it tries to set up the total content of a subject or topic mentioning its main parts. As a research work, it is a scientif work typified as "los estados de la cuestión", it means a research work which collects the scientific situation of a specific subject in a specific moment. Additionally, the methold used for this research is analytic, it is the one which comes from what is complex to what is simple.

The present article aims to address the myth of territorial decentralization from a detailed analysis of the constitutional reformism; to this end, there will be a brief analysis of benefits and counterbalances of the flexible 1991 Constitution, constitutional reformism in terms of administrative decentralization, the high level of intergovernmental dependence, the phenomenon of tacit reform and their involvement in local and regional life and how the administrative autonomy of territorial entities, municipalities and departments has been diminished by the recentralizing phenomenon of the last governments. On the other hand, some brief recommendations will be determined, which, in any case, do not exhaust the institutional measures that must be addressed to save decentralization. ; El presente artículo pretende abordar el mito de la descentralización territorial a partir de un análisis pormenorizado del reformismo constitucional; para ello, se analizarán brevemente las bondades y contrapesos de la Constitución flexible de 1991, el reformismo constitucional en materia de descentralización administrativa, el alto nivel de dependencia intergubernamental, el fenómeno de la reforma tácita y su implicación en la vida local y regional y como la autonomía administrativa de las entidades territoriales, municipios y departamentos se ha visto mermada por el fenómeno recentralizador propio de los últimos gobiernos. Por otro lado, se determinarán algunas breves recomendaciones, que en todo caso, no agotan las medidas institucionales que se deben abordar para salvar la descentralización. ; Cet article a l´intention d'aborder le mythe de la décentralisation territoriale à partir d'une analyse détaillée du réformisme constitutionnel. Pour ce faire, on analysera brièvement les bontés et les contrepoids de la Constitution flexible de 1991, le réformisme constitutionnel en termes d'une décentralisation administrative, le grand niveau de dépendance intergouvernementale, le phénomène de réforme tacite et leur implication dans la vie locale et régionale. De plus, savoir comment L'autonomie administrative des entités territoriales, des municipalités et des départements a été réduite par le phénomène de recentralisation de derniers gouvernements. D'ailleurs, quelques brèves recommandations qui n'épuisent pas les mesures institutionnelles seront définies, afin de sauver la décentralisation. ; O presente artigo pretende abordar o mito da descentralização territorial a partir de uma análise detalhada do reformismo constitucional; para o efeito, serão brevemente analisados os benefícios e contrapesos da flexível Constituição de 1991, o reformismo constitucional em matéria de descentralização administrativa, o alto nível de dependência intergovernamental, o fenômeno da reforma tácita e sua implicação na vida local e regional e como autonomia administrativa das entidades territoriais, municípios e departamentos tem se encontrado comprometidos por o fenômeno da recentralização próprio dos últimos governos. Por outro lado, algumas recomendações breves serão determinadas, as quais, em qualquer caso, não esgotam as medidas institucionais que devem ser abordadas para salvar a descentralização.

The Colombian State is experiencing one of the biggest crises in the area of territorial decentralization, since postmodernity requires challenges, in order to generate changes in the cultural system, social and economic, which is being threatened by the lack of legislation in the area of territorial planning, since the poor regulations in the area do not allow for significant progress; The purpose of this article is to present a critical and general review in a way of reflection, on important aspects on the topic. ; El Estado Colombiano, pasa una de las mayores crisis en el tema de la descentralización territorial, pues la posmodernidad exige retos, para generar cambios en el sistema cultural, social y económico, que se está viendo amenazado por la falta de legislación en materia de ordenamiento territorial, pues la deficientes normas que existen en el tema no permiten un avance significativo; El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión crítica y general a manera de reflexión, sobre aspectos importantes sobre el tema.

The Andean Community (CAN) has been considered as an International Organization with different characteristics from other international organizations, which is why it is of interest to analyze the relationship between the administration systems called Colombian territorial decentralization and CAN from the legal scenario, that is, discarding the political, economic and social perspective of the referenced relationship. For this purpose, it is important not to forget that the CAN was granted supranational community competencies supported by common guidelines, coming from the will of the Andean Governments, with its own regulatory framework. It is in this sense, that the research problem that is intended to be solved in the present manuscript is limited to analyzing the legal scope of two systems of organization of the administration such as the CAN and the Colombian territorial decentralization. In response to the referenced research problem it is considered that at present, despite the phenomena of globalization, globalization and internationalization, it can be seen that the necessary conditions do not exist so that both systems of organization function harmoniously from the legal scenario; In spite of corroborating concurrent competences in the own scenario of the CAN and the Colombian territorial decentralization. © 2019, Corporacion Universitaria Republicana. All rights reserved.

The Colombian State is experiencing one of the biggest crises in the area of territorial decentralization, since postmodernity requires challenges, in order to generate changes in the cultural system, social and economic, which is being threatened by the lack of legislation in the area of territorial planning, since the poor regulations in the area do not allow for significant progress; The purpose of this article is to present a critical and general review in a way of reflection, on important aspects on the topic. ; El Estado Colombiano, pasa una de las mayores crisis en el tema de la descentralización territorial, pues la posmodernidad exige retos, para generar cambios en el sistema cultural, social y económico, que se está viendo amenazado por la falta de legislación en materia de ordenamiento territorial, pues la deficientes normas que existen en el tema no permiten un avance significativo; El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión crítica y general a manera de reflexión, sobre aspectos importantes sobre el tema.